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Kognitive Mechanismen der Ausdrucksprofilierung im Prozess der Verarbeitung ausgewählter Farbenbezeichnungen im Deutschen und Polnischen

Author(s): Jolanta Mazurkiewicz-Sokołowska / Language(s): German Issue: 8/2014

The aim of the paper is an examination of the cognitive mechanisms responsible for the profiling of language expressions on the example of the processing of colour terms in German and Polish. Taking the assumption that language is conceptualization as a starting point, we focus on processuality as one of the key characteristics of concepts and conceptualizations. The relation between language and meaning as well as individuality and subjectivity of language processing mechanisms are also of interest

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Wiedza ekspercka (ang. expertise ) w nauczaniu

Author(s): Elżbieta Wiścicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2014

The aim of this paper is to examine the characteristics of expert teachers and how these characteristics differ from the characteristics of novice teachers. The presented analysis is based on the research dealing with the cognitive processes which are behind the activities of expert teachers and novice teachers, as well as the differences in the self- evaluation. It stands to reason that it is important to highlight the characteristics of the experienced teachers, which constitute their professional expertise, in order to better prepare novice teachers for their job. The analysis in question was based on the preactive, interactive and postactive phases where the preactive phase refers to planning the lesson, the interactive phase refers to the lesson itself and the postactive phase refers to teacher’s reflections on their own teaching. In conclusion, the importance of reflection in the process of teacher development is emphasised. A critical analysis of one’s teaching practices is a key element in becoming an expert

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Współistnienie elementów werbalnych i wizualnych w dyskursie na przykładzie felietonów rysunkowych publikowanych w magazynie the New Yorker

Author(s): Joanna Hardukiewicz-Chojnowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2014

The aim of this paper is to introduce the issue of the particular relation of verbal and visual elements in The New Yorker cartoons and to point at the significance of the interdependence of language and image in the process of the creation of meaning. The paper constitutes an introduction to a systematic analysis in progress aimed at constructing an integrated model of intersemiotic analysis and contains theoretical premises concerning text and discourse perceived as multimodal phenomena. The significance of the particular relation between language and image, which, supplemented by context are the key to understanding cartoons, is illustrated in a described experiment revealing that the presence of both picture and language is necessary in the process of decoding messages intended by the cartoonists. The article also presents a description of types of cartoons distinguished in the process of the analysis of cartoons published in The New Yorker in the chosen years and contains the results of statistical research revealing similarities and differences concerning the stylistic form of cartoons during the initial period of their publication in The New Yorker and at the beginning of the 21st century. The final part of the article briefly introduces the area of further research

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Zakłócenia kompetencji pragmatycznej i komunikacyjnej u dzieci i młodzieży z wadą ciała modzelowatego

Author(s): Ewa Boksa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2014

In this paper, disorders of pragmatic competence in children with agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus collosum will be discussed. The functional diagnosis of speech therapy should take into account the fact that presented symptoms and communication disturbance in patients with damaged or undeveloped corpus callosum correlate on a number of levels with language disorders, the basis of which is damage to the right hemisphere of the brain

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Zadośćuczynienie w społeczności średniowiecznej Walii – konteksty prawno literackie

Author(s): Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2014

The article addresses the notion of compensation in medieval Wales. For the purpose of the analysis, a codification of native laws known as Cyfraith Hywel as well as the tales under the title of the The Mabinogion will be referred to. The investigation into law and literature shows that compensation was the primary method of settling disputes in medieval Wales until it was replaced by a punishment-based approach of English common law. By discussing the issues of honour, vengeance and compensation the article also sheds light on the mentality of people in medieval Wales, particularly the values that they cherished and defended

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Nazvaniâ pol’skih vodok

Author(s): Halina Stelmach / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2014

This article is devoted to the brand names of contemporary Polish vodka. The rich history of Polish vodka provides the inexhaustible source of inspiration for them. The producers are eager to draw from the source while searching for the best ways of launching their brands on the market and trying to encourage the consumers to purchase them. Since consumer behaviour is to the large extent influenced by the information about the country of origin, many brand names are directly associated with Poland which has a reputation for being a high-quality vodka manufacturer. There are also names referring to quality. They have connotations of tradition, especially the Noble’s Republic times. Some of the brand names indicate the consumer suggesting that, because of its characteristics, vodka affects people’s behaviour but also adds pleasure to social occasions.

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Zur Übersetzbarkeit der Referenz – und Formalstruktur eines literarischen Werkes am Beispiel des Gedichts Pieśń o głodźe von Bruno Jasieński und seine

Author(s): Emil Lesner / Language(s): German Issue: 8/2014

In his article the author describes problems by translating of Polish futuristic poetry. He focuses his attention on referential (meaning, content) and formal structure of the poem (ortography, rhyme) and its rendition

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Udarenie kak polifunkcional’nyj sistemnyj element russkogo âzyka ( na material’e glagol’nyh form)

Author(s): Joanna Woch / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2014

The aim of this paper is to emphasise the multifunctional character of the word stress in Russian language system. Being a suprasegmental unit of language it is interconnected with other subsystems of language. Russian word stress may be the only semantic differentiator of homonyms, binds words belonging to the same derivational type and indicates the grammatical meaning of the words

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Le regole di formazione dei lessemi nell’italiano contemporaneo: la loro produttività e le proprietà del sistema – alcune considerazioni teoriche

Author(s): Anna Godzich / Language(s): Italian Issue: 8/2014

The aim of the present paper is to present some of the rules and tendencies in word formation in Modern Italian (on the example of noun compounding). In the last few years we could observe the strong interest in issues pertaining to word formation, lexicon and the so-called mental lexicon in Modern Italian. The article includes questions related to the rules of word formation which are productive in Modern Italian. In the paper also the lexical creativity and the role of the uses of the language in the process of word formation are discussed. Additionally, the author analyzes the productivity of the rules of word formation in Modern Italian and Italian nominal lexicon

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Porównawcza analiza semantyczna czasowników o inherentnym znaczeniu zabijania w języku polskim oraz angielskim

Author(s): Katarzyna Sówka-Pietraszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2014

Rappaport Hovav & Levin (2010) have argued that verb meanings are composed in a way that enables them to encode only one meaning in their roots. In the case of eventive verbs, it is either the meaning of manner or result. In other words, no verb can encode two of these meanings simultaneously. Beavers and Koontz-Garboden (2012) challenge this proposal with the observation of manner-of-killing verbs in English, which, under a specially designed diagnostics, show both manner and result meaning. This paper searches for cross-linguistic data that could provide supportive evidence for one of these hypotheses. Using Beavers and Koontz-Garboden’s diagnostics, I test Polish manner-of-killing verbs. The results show that Polish manner-of killing verbs pattern exactly the same way as their English equivalents

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Tutto il mondo vuole diventare milionario: l’adattamento dei format televisivi

Author(s): Angelo Sollano / Language(s): Italian Issue: 8/2014

The article examines the growing trend for successful local adaptations of international TV formats, and the main reasons why they are becoming increasingly prevalent in the broadcasting schedules. Such programs boast effective, low-cost production and can be easily altered to fit in with a local audience’s linguistic and cultural background. These programs are able to circumvent regulations many countries have in force which stipulate a minimum quota of local product in a daily TV schedule. Audiences recognize these shows’ ‘local features’ and thus perceive them as integral parts of their own individual popular culture. Nowadays it is impossible to have unique global television that is able to inform and influence the opinions of everyone on the whole planet. Yet, through formats, a consistent message is adapted and transmitted to individual local markets and thus in accordance to the rules of so-called ‘glocalization’.

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Sozialpsychologische Parallele zwischen dem Filmstoff und dem Nationalsozialismus in Von Caligari zu Hitler von Siegfried Kracauer

Author(s): Dorota Tomczuk / Language(s): German Issue: 7/2013

The article refers not only to the writings of Siegfried Kracauer, a German essayist, film and art theorist, philosopher and prose writer, but also, and even in particular, to his monumental essay entitled From Caligari to Hitler. A Psychological History of the German Film. The most important issue he was interested in was the problem of different types of mentality and their psycho-social predisposition with particular reference to national socialism. Viewing the film as the picture of mentality of the nation, Kracauer describes the story of early German cinema taking into account not only Hitler and his later coming to power but also showing “inner predispositon of the nation”, which had an influence on the course of history. The autor especially studies psycho-social analogies between development of national socialism in Germany and a famous film of Robert Wiene of 1920, entitled The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, which is considered to be not only a leading example of expressionism in German cinema, but also one of the milestones in the film history of the world.

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La publicité en France – naissance d’un phénomène culturel et social

Author(s): Marcin Skibicki / Language(s): French Issue: 7/2013

The main aim of this paper is to present the history of French advertising, which has accompanied and transformed along with the press ever since the 17th century. Seen from a diachronic perspective, the advertising in France is distinguished by one specific feature, namely a clear dividing line between the phenomenons of “réclame” (old advertising) and “publicité” (new advertising). The latter involved a variety of marketing methods commonly applied today which determined the vectors of its rise. At that time a number of advertising agencies were established such as Havas or Publicis. In order to fully develop its potential, French advertising skillfully draws on the latest technological developments and moves from the simplest forms such as poster advertising through radio to television. No matter what form is involved, French advertising modifies its message to fit in with new trends in society by adopting suitable socio-styles. A description of the socio-styles follows in this paper

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Thomas Bernhard als Heimatdichter?

Author(s): Kamila Torzewska / Language(s): German Issue: 7/2013

In this article I try to answer the question, which attitude an Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard to Austria has had. Can we call him an Austrian or an anti -Austrian writer? My analysis is based on his famous compositions like: ,,Heldenplatz” , ,,Suterena: Wyzwolenie”, ,,Chłód. Izolacja“ and ,,Autobiografie”. It must be emphasized, that Bernhard`s attitude to Austria was very ambiguous and ambivalent. On the one hand he very often criticized Austria and Austrian society. He charged this society with hypocrisy. He criticized an Austrian catholic church; he often compared Jesus Christ with Adolf Hitler. Bernhard attacked Austrian politicians too, he criticized their deceitfulness. On the other hand he loved Austria and he was emotionally attached with this country. In his works he often used different forms of expression like: excess, comparison, repetition, because he wanted to provoke, to expose Austrian shortcomings and to break taboos. He wanted to debunk an ideal image of this country. Concluded: we can`t unambiguously say, that Bernhard was an <anti>Austrian writer. He was an universal writer.

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Niezasymilowane cechy francuskich zapożyczeń: samogłoski nosowe

Author(s): Irina Sklema-Litwin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2013

The article examines segmental and suprasegmental properties of French borrowings containing nasal vocalic segments. The occurrences of nasal vowels in the corpus of Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (Jones 2003) have been registered resulting in a stock of 380 lexical items, 271 of which display nasal (or nasalized) vowels in their first recommended pronunciation variant. The paper reviews three possible scenarios of vowel nasality adaptation: the loss of the feature resulting in unpacking, the retention of nasality involving nasalization of English vowels which substitute for their French nasal counterparts, and less frequent cases of zero assimilation of French segments. The author also argues that apart from vowel nasality French borrowings have retained other non-native characteristics, such as quantity – it is assumed that the length of the vowel segments under analysis may have been imported from French. Two arguments are raised in favour of non-nativized quantity: the stress patterns of loanwords containing long nasal (or nasalized) vowels, and the behaviour of such segments in unstressed English syllables.

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Z historii onomastyki w byłym Związku Radzieckim

Author(s): Olga Molchanova / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2013

The paper presents the lecture I delivered at Bradford University (GB) in 1973 and addresses the history of onomastics in the former Soviet Union.

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Virtuelle Museen als Blick in die Zukunft

Author(s): Dominika Karina Szot / Language(s): German Issue: 7/2013

The subject of this short analysis is the question about the structure of virtual museum. In this way appears the meaning of the modern technologies, which can be used for the better “publicity” of art. The other point is the comparison of traditional and virtual museum. Important is the question about the reception of art in this both cases. Virtual museums in Berlin are like the cosmos – approachable and open for all visitors in the world. Internet turns out as the practical instrument for the environment of art

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Holizm, poznanie i metafora

Author(s): Ewa Wychorska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2013

The study is to argue for a research framework for analysing the contents of linguistic expressions which is to suggest its holistic character. Each concept representation in a linguistic or mental system depends semantically on every other representation in the system which is a language. Everything we use in a language has meaning. It has meaning because it is either related to our bodily experience (concrete domain) or because it is built on other meaning-bearing elements (abstract domain). Thought then, is the embodiment of concepts from direct and indirect experience. At the same time, thought is imaginative because those concepts that are not directly grounded in bodily experience are created by imaginative processes such as metaphor. So, concepts grow out of either bodily experience or are created in mind through abstract reasoning and are understood in terms of those. Therefore cognition of dreams and emotions is holistic. At this point of research, the implications of holism about the meaning and understanding or expressing of dreams and emotions are explored and supported by empirical evidence

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Interkulturelle Tendenzen in der modernen Glottodidaktik

Author(s): Magdalena Lewicka / Language(s): German Issue: 7/2013

For many years European glottodidactics has been postulating for joining the practice of foreign language teaching with the presentation of the realities and culture which resulted in birth of a new glottodidactic sub-discipline called intercultural glottopedagogics, also known by the following terms: die Landeskunde (German), area studies (English), la civilisation (French), la civiltà (Italian) or stranovedenie (Russian). There is a growing conviction that foreign language teaching should be deeply embedded in the cultural context, including introduction of the culture of a given language area and information about intercultural differences, since despite the fact that in currently dominating communicative approach the key didactic objective is the ability of efficient communication, the indisputable fact is the threat of the efficiency of the communication in the given language posed by the lack of so called intercultural competence. It is defined as the ability to communicate with the members of different cultural circles and nations and the ability to build the „bridges of agreement”, in other words – complex ability to manage oneself in the complicated reality of multilingual and multi-cultural contemporary world. The objective of my paper is the reflection upon cultural problems on the ground of foreign languages, current issues of intercultural approach in the didactics of foreign languages, place and role of intercultural competence among the goals of language teaching, as well as mutual relationship between cultural and communicative competence, theoretical premises and concepts underlying the basis of practical solutions of intercultural teaching and emphasising the function of glottodidactics consisting in approaching the culture of the target language country and explaining intercultural differences, hence the outline of the problems of intercultural tendencies on the ground of contemporary glottodidactics.

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Dawne i współczesne wymiary literatury fantasy

Author(s): Weronika Łaszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2013

The following paper presents the ancient roots and modern dilemmas of fantasy literature. The first part discusses the genre’s origins in the religious and mythological texts of the antiquity, and the genre’s development until its emergence as modern fantasy literature. The second part is devoted to analyzing the modern critique of the genre (lack of realism, synonymy with children’s literature), and establishing the genre’s categories. The second part investigates the theories of J.R.R. Tolkien, Lisa Tuttle, Farah Mendlesohn and John H. Timmerman. The paper also touches upon such issues as the presence of monomyth in fantasy, the potential of sub-creation and mythopoeia, in order to explain how fantasy literature is the modern successor to storytelling.

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