Zaufanie determinantą nawiązania i rozwoju innowacyjnych powiązań integracyjnych w agrobiznesie

Author(s): Roman Chorób / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

Trust is the main product of the norms of social co-operation anchored in the national andgroup culture that make up social capital. The main objective of the study is to show the importanceof trust in initiating and developing innovative integration ties, such as cluster structures. It playsa special role in creating the expansion of integration links - the participants of the integrated systemgive the trust to each other, with an indication of the leader of the cluster. Confidence creates opportunitiesto reduce transaction costs that are extremely important in the functioning of mechanisms,where, on the one hand, any particularizes, and on the other, too much regulation and procedurescan disrupt both the cluster’s own way of functioning and influence the dominance of corporate andbureaucratic culture.The study presents the results of own research carried out among entrepreneurs-participantsof cluster structures operating in the agribusiness of the Podkarpackie Province. Theyshow that the level of trust, being a key factor of social capital, is the basis for building everystructure of network cooperation. It was also proved that properly functioning, as well as formingintegration structures occurring in the economy, are one of the essential conditions for itsdynamic expansion.

Uwarunkowania podejmowania decyzji o insourcingu w organizacji

Author(s): Grzegorz Grela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The paper presents the conditions for making decisions about insourcing in the context of changingthe boundaries of the organization. Insourcing and outsourcing affect, in the opposite ways,the shaping of the organization’s boundaries. As a result of including in the organization processescarried out so far outside its structures (insourcing), the organization’s borders grow, and as a resultof outsourcing, the organization’s borders are reduced.The paper presents selected definitions of insourcing available in literature. It describes theessence and criteria for resolving the dilemma of make or buy. The basics of transaction costs theoryand resource theory of the company in the context of choosing the way of obtaining the product ofa selected process are presented. In addition, the motives of insourcing along with the reasons forthe failure of outsourcing projects by types of companies on the Polish market are described. Theresults of our own research on the use of insourcing and backsourcing in Polish organizations arealso presented. The results of the conducted research confirm the phenomenon of insourcing and itsstatistically significant connection with the size of the organization.The study was conducted as a result of research project no. 2014/13/D/HS4/01921 financedfrom the funds of the National Science Center.

Kontrola tożsamości użytkowników e-usług wobec rozwoju informatyzacji sektora publicznego

Author(s): Teresa Mendyk-Krajewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

A convenient and secure process of identity verification is an important condition for furthercomputerization of public administration and secure realization of e-services. . Methods known andused for years which require material credentials or knowledge of confidential passwords are no longerenough protection as well as they are considered to be burdensome. An advantageous solutionmay lie in systems based on measurable, unique physical and behavioral characteristics of users.Intensively developed biometric verification techniques are becoming more and more acceptableand are used in more and more new areas.The aim of the paper is to indicate dynamically developed biometric authentication techniquesand to present the opinions of Internet users covered by the author’s questionnaire on the implementationand use of new identity verification technologies.

Rozwiązania elektroniczne stosowane w zamówieniach publicznych w Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Ewa Prałat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The main objective of this paper is to describe public procurement electronic solutions promotedby the European Union and to analyse the usage of these tools in different member countries.The economic importance of the purchase of works, goods and services made by public authoritiesis outstanding mainly because of their very high value. The EU directives tend to ensure thetransparency, efficiency and effectiveness of the procurement market and show electronic tools asa very useful and innovative solution. They can be implemented in pre-award and post-award phasesof the procurement process with the main benefit of making participation simpler for businesses(especially for SMEs) and management simpler for the public authorities. This paper lists key EUpolicy documents concerning the topic of e-procurement. It discusses tools that can be implementedthroughout individual phases of the procurement process as well as the additional elements that areused to expand the possibilities of the e-procurement system. The application of electronic procurementthat varies across the member countries is also described. The functionalities are provided bya central national e-procurement systems and also by e-procurement systems of specific procuringentities. In Poland some e-services are available, but provided on separate platforms. New platform,that link together most of the services, should be ready in 2020.

Kreowanie i przygotowywanie systemów informatycznych w przedsiębiorstwach MMSP jako główne czynniki rozwoju polskiego społeczeństwa informacyjnego

Author(s): Jolanta Sala,Halina Tańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The measurement of the development of the information society by public statistical services is reduced to monitoring the situation in households and ICT applications in enterprises, disregarding the situation in the largest group of microenterprises. The paper is a synthetic presentation of the use as benchmarking of the results of selected 48 metrics used in OECD and EU countries in the field of socio-economic life and the potential of ICT in enterprises as well as qualitative aspects of a wide range of information gaps and critical factors for business organizations. An important reason for the low level of ICT applications and the development of Polish micro, small and medium enterprises is the lack of awareness of ICT usability and elementary methodological foundations for the creation and preparation of IT projects. The essence of six original models constituting the key, initiative factors for the development of the information society is presented.

Trends and challenges of m-commerce using mobile money in Tanzania

Author(s): Flavia Alex Bonga / Language(s): English Issue: 58/2019

This paper shows the trends and challenges of mobile commerce that are faced in Tanzania. Until2018, the most commonly used form of mobile commerce in Tanzania is Mobile Money. In this study,we have interviewed vendors using mobile commerce in Tanzania, in order to understand how they usemobile money and the challenges they face. Also, we studied telecommunication provider’s websites toshow the trend of this particular service. The findings of this paper show how the customer goes to socialmedia and search for a product and then buy it using mobile money. Additionally, delivery of the productdepends on mobile communication whereby the customer has to provide the specific location due to poorhome address system. Main challenges identified in this study are network issues such as poor networkconnection and lack of trust due to re occurring of theft incidents. The study gives suggestions of the useof more innovative ways that can reduce the setbacks that this particular system is facing.

Ocena wiarygodności internetowych serwisów wybranych polskich wyższych uczelni niepublicznych

Author(s): Adam Czerwiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

Aim: The aim of the paper is to make and present the credibility assessment of online websitesof selected Polish non-public higher education institutions.The concept and research methods: Referring to the definition of terms related to the conceptof credibility, they were applied to the websites. On this basis, a conceptual framework for assessingthe reliability of such websites was created. The framework was used to assess the credibility of onlinewebsites of selected non-public higher education institutions in Poland using the survey methodand the original tool. The ranking of credibility of the investigated websites was created using theTOPSIS method.Results and conclusions: The paper shows that the set of features and criteria used to assessthe credibility of websites can be arranged in the form of conceptual frameworks covering threedimensions: the website’s ability to provide credibility, the kindness of designers, creators and siteadministrators to guarantee credibility and the honesty of website owners. The result of this workwas the construction of a research tool to assess the credibility of websites. In turn, the final resultof such an assessment is the ranking of credibility of online websites of selected non-public highereducation institutions operating in Poland.

Wykorzystanie modelu PESO do pomiaru poziomu ekspozycji i zaangażowania w prowadzonych w mediach społecznościowych działaniach promocyjnych pośredników w obrocie nieruchomościami

Author(s): Daniel Rodzeń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The growing popularity of social media is accompanied by an increase in the importance ofthe quality and frequency of content published in the Internet. This entails constant analysis, amongothers, in the field of exposure and the involvement of Internet users in the media. Among the manyavailable tools to carry out the above analysis, in this work the PESO model – Don Bartholomewwas used.The aim of the paper is to implement the PESO model (measuring social media on many levels)on the real estate market and to analyze the level of exposure and social media involvementby real estate agents. The detailed objective is to analyze the information content of social mediapublications, video materials, photos posted on social networking sites as part of the promotionalactivities of real estate agents.The case study method with deliberate selection of enterprises based on accessibility and diversityof data was used to carry out the research. The time range of tests varies from 6 months to7 years. The selection of social media was made on the basis of the global ranking of Alexa.comsites and based on data from Gemius/PBI, including the largest number of Internet users. Due tothe limited access to confidential information, a detailed analysis of two of the five measurementlevels (exposure and involvement levels) was carried out in this study. According to the research,the company’s information and quizzes are the most popular on the fan-page. The most commonlyshared posts refer to short information – curiosities from the real estate market published in thebackground of photos. With regard to the video message, posts in which the emphasis was put onproviding advice from the real estate market received the highest audience ratings. In the analyzedenterprises, in the adopted time interval, the scale of operation and the information content of themessages change in a dynamic manner.

Wspieranie działań innowacyjnych przez technologię ICT w domach kultury

Author(s): Krzysztof Hauke / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

As public institutions, community centers have to provide the consumer with goods of a non--material nature. Consumers using the services of community centers can develop and realize intellectualneeds throughout their lives. However, these services should be provided to the consumer inaccordance with his expectations. Consumer expectations are related to innovation in the transferof services. Consumers using material goods in the form of products or services from businessorganizations can constantly observe the improvement of the quality of offered goods. It resultsfrom changes taking place in the environment, e.g. technological progress, changes in consumerpreferences, fashion. On the basis of the analysis of what is offered by community centers in Poland,one can notice a large difference between business organizations and community centers. Both offergoods that are meant to satisfy the consumer. However, in community centers, such innovativenessas business organizations is not noticed.The paper will indicate the possibilities of using ICT in conducting activities in communitycenters. The use of ICT will allow for the creation of innovation in such centers. In order for consumersto be interested in the offer of community centers, they must recognize the elements ofinnovation. It results from the fact that the consumer perceives the advantages resulting from thetechnological progress of ICT.

Informacyjne uwarunkowania gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w gminie. Studium przypadku

Author(s): Józefa Famielec,Stanisław Famielec,Krzysztof Wąsowicz,Renata Żaba-Nieroda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

Since July 2013 the waste management system in Poland has been functioning under neweconomic and political conditions. Its functioning is determined by the rate of waste fee paid byresidents and information on different elements of the integrated system, which has to be created ineach commune. The aim of this paper is an attempt to assess the informational barriers (especially interms of technical-economic and financial data) affecting municipal waste management.The thesis of this research is recognition of information as the most basic factor of creatingwaste management according to rules of circular economy. The specificity of technological, organizational,market and administrative processes in waste management, the amount of subjectsand chains (e.g. from a household to users of energy from waste incineration) cause that there aremany informational limitations and informational asymmetry. The concept of the paper involvesthe following: a description of municipal waste management in the informational aspect, usage ofinformation from accounting to measure financial and economic indexes, specificity of collectingthe necessary information as well as creating the worksheet with information on municipal wastemanagement in a commune and a municipal company. The added value of this paper is usage ofexisting reports concerning waste management and financial reports to create an integrated informationalpacket (worksheet) for a commune and a company, as well as pointing out the possibilities ofapplication of such a packet for assessment of efficiency and effectivity of undertaken activities. Thepaper is of conceptual-methodological nature and it fits in regional aspects of informational societydevelopment and digital economy.

Internet w życiu młodzieży licealnej – statystyczna analiza na podstawie badania ankietowego

Author(s): Mieczysław Jan Król,Joanna Trybuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

In order to assess the level of development of the information society, in addition to theknowledge of the impact of the Internet on social life, the opinion of school students about itsadvantages and disadvantages is also important. This social group quickly discovers the potentialapplication possibilities of the Internet. The virtual world generated by the Internet creates anopportunity to achieve positive as well as negative goals, influencing the personality of the youngster.The paper presents the results of a survey aimed at obtaining opinion from both male andfemale students of S. Goszczyński Secondary School number 1 in Nowy Targ on advantages anddisadvantages of the Internet. A total of 109 students took part in the survey, including 57 femalestudents and 52 male ones. The results of the research were developed separately for female andmale students, taking into account, among others, issues related to: activities connected with theInternet, the use of Internet resources and services, communication via the Internet and its use forlearning, as well as the risks associated with its use. Moreover, the values of the similarity coefficientof the structure of the distribution of responses in the samples of both male and female studentswere presented, as well as the power of the statistical relationship of indications depending on thestudent’s sex was examined.

Drodzy Czytelnicy

Author(s): Adam Michałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Dear Readers

Author(s): Adam Michałek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Źle zagrana muzyka obraża bogów

Author(s): Piotr Nawrot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Research shows existence of the rich and advanced musical culture in America before the arrival of Columbus. It emphasizes that pre-Columbian musicians destined to perform during worship services were professional artists. It is not surprising, therefore, that the music brought by missionaries and Spaniards easily managed to spread in American music culture and also gain recognition of recipients. In the later part of the analysis, based on the example of Bolivia, a rich musical documentation of the past centuries is indicated coming from three areas: cathedrals, monasteries, and missions. It is emphasized that what distinguishes Bolivia from the rest of the world in the field of music of the past ages is the survival of music from the missionary environment among the Indians. In addition, there is stress on the importance of reports of the superiors and bishops from meetings with the inhabitants of the mission areas, which express appreciation for musical practices in the missionary villages. Since music for worship was not passed on orally, but recorded on paper, the office of the copyist was formed.

Misyjna działalność rosyjskiej Cerkwi prawosławnej na kontynencie azjatyckim. Chiny i Korea

Author(s): Kamila Pawełczyk-Dura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

This article presents the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church on the Asian continent. First his part refers to China and the second one to Korea. Based on available literature and archive materials was described process of formation Chinese and Korean Orthodox mission and next stages of formation of those communities, paying particular attention to the impact of Bolshevik’s revolution in Russia to further, difficult and sometimes even tragic fates of Russian missionaries and faithful in China and Korea.

Badania nad hinduizmem w Polsce

Author(s): Eugeniusz Sakowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

India (its languages, cultures and religions, including Hinduism) from the nineteenth century is the object of interest to the scientific communities of Western Europe. In Poland, these issues became academic subjects after the regaining of sovereignty in 1918. That year, for the first time, Sanskrit was taught at the University of Warsaw. In the 1930s, the Oriental Institute of the University of Warsaw was distinguished for its interest in Hinduism. Currently, scientific research in the field of Indology is conducted at the South Asian Department of the Warsaw University Faculty of Oriental Studies, at the Oriental Institute of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The catalog of Polish researchers of India and Hinduism – professionals, people of science is impressive. One of the most prominent indologists is Maria Krzysztof Byrski. Also, researchers from outside the academic world are active.

Kulturowo-religijny wymiar kwiatu lotosu

Author(s): Paweł Szuppe / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Plants occupy an important place in all cultures and religions of the world. They have not only a healing character but also a sacred one. They become a frequent object of worship, a symbol of creation, transience and virtue. They contain a rich symbolism showing the earthly and supernatural reality. They depict the temporal and transcendental world in a graphic image. They evoke specific thoughts, behaviors and attitudes in the recipient. This article presents the cultural and religious dimension of the lotus flower. It shows its sacred significance as well as rich symbolism in various cultures and religiosities. For ancient Egyptians it meant creation, rebirth, sun, deity. In India it symbolizes purity, perfection, beauty, holiness. In the Far East (China, Tibet) it expresses the cosmic harmony, the unity of male and female elements. In Europe it refers to the announcement of paradise, showing the perspective of eternal life.

Zbawienie w nirwanie z perspektywy soteriologii chrześcijańskiej

Author(s): Łukasz Mrózek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The article first presents the question of salvation as essential for every religion, including Buddhism, which sees the annihilation of suffering as a way to it. Then four noble truths are presented (about suffering, about its origin, destruction and the way to the destruction of suffering). It is emphasized that Buddha was teaching about them after experiencing the supreme and perfect enlightenment. Next, the analysis of nirvana is made - in accordance with what the Buddha proclaimed, man can ”free himself” from suffering and achieve salvation in nirvana. It is only with this background that the assessment of nirvana in the light of the Christian doctrine of salvation became possible. It was found that for the Buddhists, salvation appears in a sense as self-fulfillment as well as the result of internal consciousness. Furthermore, in Buddhism liberation is achieved by one’s own strength. For this reason, the Christian doctrine of Jesus Christ as the only Savior cannot be recognized by Buddhists.

Świętość ludzkiego życia i prokreacja – perspektywa judaizmu

Author(s): Artur Aleksiejuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The issue of the sanctity of human life, beginning with its development in the prenatal phase, is a constant topic of both Christian and Jewish theological reflection. In Judaism, it is closely related to the duty of procreation, understood as striving to disseminate the glory of God in the world. Life is the glory of God, because God is a living God and in him life has its source and justification. Above all, the glory of God is a living man, made “according to the essence and mind” of God (Gen 1,26). In this article, the author ponders on the subject of the Jewish conception of the sanctity of human life. In Jewish theology, from biblical antiquity to modern times, it remains in organic relation with the proclamation of procreation: “Be fruitful and multiply” (Gen 1,28). The aim of the article is also to point out that there is a space for pro-life cooperation between Christians and Jews, which may take the form of joint actions for the promotion and protection of conceived life. Both the Church and the Synagogue derive their anthropological and embryological views from the Holy Bible.

Laicyzm: punkt docelowy czy ślepa uliczka?

Author(s): Karolina Dłuska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Considering the numerous changes taking place in Europe, both in the political and social context, the presence of the Church in the state and their mutual relations remains a permanent subject of ongoing discussions and debates. The purpose of this article „Laicism – a destination or a blind alley?” is to present the concept of the separation of the state and the Church (secularism), to indicate its stages and general consequences. The article also refers to the process of secularization and its impact on the relations between the state and the church in selected European countries by presenting different models of these relations, in order to be able to further indicate the general consequences of this process.