A profán emberi és a szakrális környezet viszonya az ókortól a középkorig

Author(s): László Havas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

This study investigates how a healthy human environment was preserved in the past, both physically and mentally. The author introduces some famous Greek deities, who were responsible for health. From this varied palette is taken Heracles, who had an important role in creating valuable and safe human surroundings. Romulus and Caesar, two prime figures in the Roman world, are mentioned; they had magic powers over health, although they were mortal persons. The same nature was attributed to the Christian emperors of the Middle Ages, such as Charlemagne, Otto I, Henry II and the first Hungarian king, St. Stephen I. They all wanted to create the Heavenly Jerusalem on earth. One thing in common in these groups of deities, heroes and kings was that, as a thaumaturge and Christus medicus, they could possess healing and purifying abilities to improve their human environment.

Melitón filozófus beszédének eszmetörténeti kontextusa

Author(s): István Bugár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

In the present paper I am investigating the probable context of the ‘apology’ of Melito the philosopher, as preserved in Syriac. Since there is no sign that the author named in the titulus is meant to be identical with Melito of Sardis, or Melito the Bishop, I prefer to keep his name as ’Melito the philosopher’. While I am prepared to accept the traditional dating (between 180 and 220 CE) of the text – which is a protreptic treatise, rather than an apology – and while I have, in spite of advancing some new suggestions, generally refrained from arbitrating in the speculation about the possible addressee, I am turning to aspects hitherto largely ignored by looking at the text’s theological-philosophical horizon and its preserved context (Ms. BM 14,658). The analysis yields some results. First, that the text is purposefully overt about Christianity, trying to convince the public about monotheism as a first step to full conversion. This scope is shared by other documents in the same collection (among others, the Oratio ad graecos by Justin/Ambrose), and matches the general aim of the collection to provide a curriculum for a Christian philosophy, including arguments against contemporary ‘pagan’ Platonism. Second, its theological-philosophical stance links the document to Alexandrian thought, to which Justin/Ambrose also appears to belong. This, at the same time, involves sharp contrasts with the anthropological-theological horizon of Melito of Sardis. The study is accompanied by a partial translation of the treatise into Hungarian.

Ki a főpap: Ábrahám vagy Jézus?

Author(s): Károly Dániel Dobos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

This paper presents a case study of the emerging new paradigm describing the ‘parting of the ways’ between the evolving Jewish and Christian centers (later called ‘orthodoxies’) as a slow evolution process. The point of departure for my analysis is a short passage in Genesis Rabbah, a well-known narrative Midrash, edited in Palestine in the 4th/5th century CE. The short text sample aims to characterise Abraham, the legendary founding father of the Jewish community, as a legitimate heir of Melchizedek, a mythical figure of the Hebrew Bible and at the same time the symbolic representative of the eternal priesthood. In this paper, I try to demonstrate that in order to fully appreciate the encoded message of the rabbis in Genesis Rabbah we have to contextualise the text in the history of Late Antique Jewish-Christian polemical encounters. In my analysis, the rabbis’ effort to present Abraham as a legitimate High Priest of Israel is best characterised as a covert response to the earlier Christian demand, articulated first in the Epistle to the Hebrews, to introduce Jesus as a new and legitimate representative of the priesthood, whose redemptive death on the cross once and for all eliminated the need for sacrifices.

Réduction phénoménologique et quête apophatique, aux racines de la temporalité

Author(s): Stéphane Kalla / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2015

The present article addresses the following issue: is phenomenology a continuation, a reminiscence of the apophatic approach applied to the domain of contemporary epistemology? First, we will devote an important part of our work to the clarification of the method and to an analysis of the fundamental aspects of phenomenological reduction applied to the temporal consciousness. Second, we will address the elementary and recurring principles of what we can call the apophatic approach or method, while essentially referring to the logical foundation of Plotinian metaphysics. Then, progressively, we will attempt to distinguish the similarities between the approach of the Husserlian phenomenological reduction and the Plotinian approach of ‚conversion’. We will attempt to demonstrate that Husserlian phenomenology possesses in its principles, its methodological tools, and its objectives, some important points of convergence with the ternary structure of Plotinian ontology. The relationship between these two systems supports the notion of a continuous epistemological model, under historical circumstances in perpetual flux, that aims at its own transcendence in an unspeakable absolute reality.

A predesztinációról (részletek)

Author(s): Johannes Scotus Eriugena / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

On the Internet

Author(s): Áron Bakos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

Hubert L. Dreyfus: On the Internet. Routledge, New York–London, 2009.

Indiai napló 2011–2012

Author(s): Imre Bangha / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2015

Znaczenie informacji w ekonomii. Kilka kontrowersji

Author(s): Józefa Famielec,Stanisław Famielec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The current phase of global market development is strictly associated with the evolution of information society, in which information is the essential factor of competitiveness. Numerous functions and meanings have been ascribed to information. Information is regarded as one of the most important factors in any type of activity, especially economic activity. It includes the following components: knowledge and database which is acquired and assembled accordingly and consequently helps to make crucial decisions. Modern interest in information and information based community pertains to the flow of information, especially in terms of the Internet as well as other forms of digitization. However, at the same time, the information revolution (apart from the popularization of market economy) has contributed to the proliferation of global hazards including all the negative effects of the information revolution. Different paths of development have initiated identical types of hazards, that is, tremendous income diversification, unemployment, social exclusion and widespread social pathologies. The main thesis of this elaboration pertains to the underestimation of economic contents of information and the subsequent pursuit of spectacular achievements in technology and their acquirement, processing and distribution. The goal of this elaboration is an attempt to provide a credible argument in terms of the significance of information for economic interpretation as well as the assessment of studied categories, processes and dependencies. Considerations presented in this elaboration pertain to the use and application of information in such areas as: GNP, informational restrictions and institutions. This paper is based on theoretical investigations and inquires, which constitute an attempt to display the effects of both correct and erroneous usage of information to interpret economic reality. The author has used as an example the controversial GNP calculation especially in terms of establishing the value of capital goods, the calculation of inviolable capital and the impact of collaboration capital on economic growth. Institutions and their value enable to explain many empirical economic puzzles. The inclusion of institutions changes the results of calculations as well as the way we perceive economic study results.

Komunikacja strategiczna w erze społeczeństwa informacyjnego

Author(s): Gabriel Nowacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The paper presents problems of strategic communication according to NATO. Strategic communicationis defined as the coordinated and appropriate use of NATO communications activitiesand capabilities – Public Diplomacy, Public Affairs, Military Public Affairs, Information Operationsand Psychological Operations, as appropriate – in support of Alliance policies, operations andactivities, and in order to advance NATO’s aims. Science-technical and civilization developmentpose new threats, especially in the information sphere. Currently all kinds of missions: peace, humanitarian,crises and military, under the auspices of UN and NATO are supported by strategiccommunication structures. The afore-mentioned units possess modern influence means, using newinformation-telecommunication technology to influence audience attitudes and behaviors in order tocontribute to desired political, economic and military effects of realized missions.

Pomiar zasobów niematerialnych w organizacji z wykorzystaniem BSC

Author(s): Elżbieta Skrzypek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

In the knowledge society, the role of intangible resources, including knowledge and intellectualcapital, increases. The measurement of intangible assets enables organizations to apply tools toimprove their management process. Intangible assets measurement can be considered from a staticand dynamic perspective. The measurement of intangible assets is based on the use of financial andnon-financial measures. The effectiveness of the measurement is determined by the correct selectionof measures and indicators. The difficulties in the measurement mean that many enterprises do notattempt to measure these resources. One of the proven tools for measuring intangible assets is balancedscorecard (BSC), which has been in use for over 25 years. BSC evaluates the company fromthe financial, customer, processes and development perspectives. For each perspective, strategic andoperational goals and their measures are evaluated. BSC is a tool that provides the management witha universal instrument for translating vision and strategy into a set of logically related performancemeasures. It creates a comprehensive system of measuring and managing the enterprise. It createsthe possibility of solving problems resulting from the difficulty of measuring intangible assets. Theaim of the present paper is to indicate the essence and importance of measuring intangible assetsand to present BSC as a proven method of measuring intangible assets. The work uses analysis ofavailable literature and inference.

Stopień umiejętności korzystania z technologii cyfrowych a wykluczenie społeczne na przykładzie osób niepełnosprawnych, starszych i ubogich

Author(s): Katarzyna Garwol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The paper is a review description of research on the so-called digital exclusion in Poland, inrelation to the disabled, the elderly and the poor. At the beginning, what is social exclusion anddigital exclusion was described and the question of whether the phenomenon of digital exclusion isidentical with the phenomenon of social exclusion is addressed. Next, the scale of access to digitaltechnologies in Poland, and especially to the internet, was discussed, taking into account first of allthe social status of users, their education, age, gender and the regions of Poland that they live in.The background for the study is a review of research on the subject of digital exclusion of thedisabled, the elderly and the poor. These analyses are an attempt to answer the question whether thisproblem concerns these three groups, and if so, to what extent. In order to diagnose the phenomenonunder discussion reliably, the statistics on the number of disabled, elderly and poor people living inPoland, both official and unofficial, were also presented.The final part of the paper contains conclusions on how to prevent and combat digital exclusion,what social initiatives exist in this area to motivate digitally excluded people to use IT intheir daily lives. Examples of social campaigns aimed at combating digital exclusion and governmentprograms aimed at increasing access to the Internet in Polish municipalities for a wide rangeof recipients are given.

Wymiary wpływu wirtualizacji konsumpcji na podejmowanie decyzji przez młodych polskich konsumentów

Author(s): Tomasz Zalega / Language(s): English Issue: 58/2019

The expansion of the Internet has undoubtedly contributed to the fast development of a trendknown as virtualisation of consumption. This consumer trend is primarily followed by young consumers.Their use of the Internet has led to improvements to the consumption process and facilitatedtheir access to unlimited sources of information, consumer goods and services. Information andcommunication technologies make it easier and faster for young consumers to access rich sources ofinformation about products and services offered on the web. Consequently, consumer choice increases,expanding opportunities for online shopping. In this way, consumption styles may be personalised asyoung consumers are more and more eager to shop online with home delivery of the goods so purchased.It should also be noted that young online shoppers have easier access to product innovations andcan themselves generate such innovations by posting their opinions about specific offers.The objective of the article is to identify how virtualisation of consumption influences thedecision-making of young Polish consumers. The first section explains what virtualisation of consumptionessentially involves as an alternative consumer trend. In the second part, the researchconceptualisation and the research sample selection and characteristics are outlined, and then theconcentration is on the use of the Internet by young people and the implementation of virtualisationprocesses in consumer behaviours of this age group.

Wzajemne dopasowanie pracownik-organizacja jako czynnik wykorzystania kapitału ludzkiego dla zintegrowanego rozwoju

Author(s): Małgorzata Adamska-Chudzińska,Magdalena Huculak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The changes of the modern organization functioning are increasingly focused on using, apartfrom traditional, also institutional factors of development (internal-organizational and individual).However, institutional solutions have not been sufficiently rooted in fundamental human values,in particular regarding the subjectivity standard as to mutual respect of the needs, capabilities andexpectations of employees and organizations. The analysis of the employee-organization match revealsa significant imbalance in this area. This mismatching is a manifestation of a lack of socialand economic cohesion and it hinders the harmonious use of human capital to ensure integratedsocio-economic development.The subject of the paper is the issue of harmonizing the employee-organization matching incontemporary human capital management. The assumption was made that multidimensional couplingof economic activities’ effectiveness with the sphere of matching in terms of the needs andresources between employees and the organizations employing them is significant for building thepolicy of social and economic cohesion. The study systematizes the diversity of theoretical approachescharacterizing the process of employee-organization matching in the literature. Againstthis background, the evolution of the concept of employee-organization matching was presented,and three key types of concepts were distinguished, including the concepts of employee adaptation,occupational adaptation and interactive matching. They were presented taking into account the maindeterminants adopted in individual matching models. The results of the employee-organization interactivematching were presented both for the employee and for the organization in the contextof integrated development. It was shown that the holistic recognition of human capital made in anatmosphere of subjectivity, the practical manifestation of which is the mutual reckoning with theneeds and possibilities on both sides of the matching relationship, is an important social stimulus ofintegrated development.

Transformacja cyfrowa podmiotów gospodarczych w konkurencyjnym środowisku

Author(s): Piotr Adamczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The global economy evolves into a “knowledge-based economy”, where market success ofenterprises more and more depends on efficient knowledge management, that is on acquisition,generation, distribution and application of knowledge within organizations. The strategically importantnature of knowledge results firstly from the fact that it is harder to imitate and substitute whencompared with material resources, and secondly from the fact that it is more flexible, i.e. more usefulfor the creation or improvement of various elements of the enterprise’s offer. This applies in particularto the issues of knowledge management in economic organizations, which can be analysedin the area of organizational structures, business processes, personnel, organizational structure aswell as ICT that supports management. The objective of this article is to discuss organizational andtechnological aspects within the modern knowledge management using ICT called SMAC (Social,Mobility, Analytics, Cloud), being at present the canon of ICT support in this respect. The analysishas been illustrated with findings of research carried out by the author in 2014–2017 in selectedSMEs from Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie provinces.

Research of the efficiency of the use of innovative resources organizations in Belarus

Author(s): Irina Kolesnikova / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The ultimate goal of the study is to analyze the performance indicators of innovative resourcesof industrial organizations using economic and statistical methods.The proposed system of innovation resource performance indicators characterizes the performanceof organizations from the standpoint of different input vectors: the indicators express thefinancial performance of organizations, the effectiveness of research and development, the cost effectiveness,the provision of fixed assets to workers, and the efficiency of labor input. As a resultof the analysis, the growth of financial profitability of scientific and technical works was revealed;it characterizes a higher financial performance of research and development in comparison withthe efficiency of sales of organizations. The structure of employment of scientific researchers inOECD countries is considered. As the share of expenditures on education in the total amount ofexpenditures of the consolidated budget decreases, it is necessary to create material incentives forattracting employees and securing the existing employment in the sphere of education. An internationalcomparison of the share of government R&D expenditures in GDP by countries of the worldwas carried out, and countries with high and low levels of knowledge intensity were identified. Ithas been revealed that investments in fixed assets have a significant impact on the level of costs fortechnological innovations.Thus, the system of indicators allows us to understand the size of the research and developmentsector in the scale of the country’s economy.

Nowoczesne technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne jako determinanta rozwoju MSP

Author(s): Lidia Kaliszczak,Jadwiga Pawłowska-Mielech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The paper is an attempt to determine the state of development in Poland’s SMEs and their degreeof competitiveness regarding the use of modern ICT facilities. A characteristic description of SMEsas well as the analysis of their levels of digitization was undertaken, comparing them with other EUmember countries. The analysis concerning the perspectives of development of Poland’s SMEs revealedan upward trend in the digitization processes,despite the fact that all indicators covered in theanalysis have indicated that Poland’s SMEs attained characteristically lower values, compared to EUmember countries.

Interakcje pomiędzy poziomem życia a innowacyjnością w aspekcie regionalnym

Author(s): Dorota Jankowska,Agnieszka Majka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

This study is an attempt to assess the level of innovation and the standard of living of residentsin individual voivodships of Poland in 2007 and 2016. A taxonomic method of Hellwig’s developmentpattern was used for this purpose, which allowed to establish synthetic indicators on the basisof which voivodships with the relatively highest and lowest levels analyzed were identified phenomena.As well as this, groups of voivodships with a similar level of living and innovation were established.In addition, an attempt was made to evaluate the mutual ties of both rankings of voivodships.The values of diagnostic features needed to perform the relevant calculations come from theLocal Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office.

Lifelong learning as integrational resource of knowledge economy

Author(s): Anatoliy Tkach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

The paper examines the meaning and the main features of the knowledge economy. It alsoanalyses present-day challenges for the knowledge economy under new economic conditions.Research indicates arguments justifying the thesis that knowledge is a specific resource, which,unlike all other economic resources, can be unlimited under the condition of the continuous natureof education.Modern problems of market economy require deep rethinking and effective use of the characteristicsof the knowledge economy for building new market relationships. Current economic problemswill be successfully solved if one carefully considers the features of the Knowledge economy. Theexpanding Internet, ever more powerful mobile devices, and other innovations make the task of designingeffective formal and informal learning challenging, especially in light of the high rate of changein these new technologies.

Ułatwienia organizacyjne dzielenia się wiedzą w przedsiębiorstwach województwa lubelskiego

Author(s): Sylwia Sagan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

21st century organizations must be aware of the importance of non-material factors in buildinga position or creating a competitive advantage. Knowledge as an immaterial resource is of greatimportance in creating the value of an organization. Effective knowledge management allows organizationsto get many benefits, including improving the quality of the organization or quicklytransferring and using the right resources in an appropriate manner. Knowledge sharing as one ofthe knowledge management processes is important not only because of the continuous expansionof knowledge and skills of the organization’s employees, but also as the possibility of creating newknowledge or developing the existing one. The paper will present selected aspects of knowledgesharing in organizations of Lubelskie voivodeship, especially organizational facilitation of sharingknowledge among employees.

Geneza i rozwój działalności badawczo-rozwojowej w sektorze e-usług – wyniki badań

Author(s): Grzegorz Krzos,Janusz Kolbusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2019

As a result of pilot studies, it was noted that most enterprises in the ICT industry in Lower Silesiado not have separate departments/companies responsible for research and development (76%). Theauthors decided to find the reasons for this state of affairs by selecting a pilot study on SISMS Sp. z o.oand ZPAS S.A. The issue of research and development (R&D) activities of ICT enterprises is, in theopinion of the authors, an important and current element of innovative activity, which should have animpact on the attractiveness and competitiveness of each enterprise. For this reason, the main goal ofthe paper is to try to identify the reasons for the creation, scope of action and determine the consequencesof the formally separated research and development activity of an enterprise operating in theICT industry. The results from the conducted study provide interesting conclusions: firstly, the mainreason for the separation of the R&D department was the requirement for a competition for EU funding, otherwise the activity would not be separated in the organizational structure; secondly, the R&D department’s activity increases the attractiveness of the company from the recruitment perspective asan attractive employer and clients perspective, because the R&D activity will provide them with newvalues in the form of new improved products/services of the company. In turn, in the opinion of themanagement board of SISMS Sp. zoo. and ZPAS S.A., the purpose of R&D activity should create newor significantly improved products that will provide the company with new revenues and increase itscompetitiveness.