Çevrimiçi Platformların Konaklama Sektörüne Etkileri

Author(s): Ridvan Kozak,Can Cemal Cingi / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

Online/Online Travel Agencies (OTAs) are digital platforms that provide online booking opportunities. They dominate most of the hotel bookings. Especially independent hotels have become dependent on OTAs. The sector is complaining about high commissions. Turkey is at the last place in the rankings of the G20 countries Platform Readiness Index. On the other hand, it can implement platform ecosystems based on commission-free income model by making initiatives to mature the market. Prior to model recommendations, this study focused on consumers' search behavior on the Internet and focus group interview was used as the data collection method in the study. According to the findings, the first place in the OTA preferences as Booking.com, the first place as Metasearch Trivago takes. Half of the respondents searched the hotel for a search engine. As a result, when creating platform ecosystems without commissions, it is necessary to succeed in the first page of the search engines and in the organic order.

Kapadokya’da Balon Turizmi Deneyimi ve Kabul Edilebilir Risk Durumu

Author(s): Mehmet Can,Çağla Üst Can / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

Balloon tourism experience provides participants with an opportunity to view an exotic area overthe air with a wider and a beautiful angle in an interesting and exciting way and it is one of theexperiences in adventure tourism, which includes a certain level of risk and controlled danger.Including the hot air balloon tourism, all types of adventure tourism, due to the nature of theiractivities, include accident risks resulting in various degrees of injury and death, which is one ofthe most important topics of these types of tourism. Although riding with a balloon is regardedas a low-risk activity in the world, with the effects of accidents experienced, it could be seen ratherrisky for someone who would try this activity. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the states ofthe balloon as a result of safety precautions developed against accident risk in balloon experiencein Cappadocia and to present the acceptable levels of situations that have accident risks. In thissense, the perceptions of managers of the balloon companies in Cappadocia, balloon pilots andthe authorities of Directorate General of Civil Aviation, which is in a supervisory position aboutthe results of balloon accidents experienced and their approaches towards precautions takenfollowing these accidents and precautions that should be taken were revealed in a critical aspect.

Yöresel Yiyeceklere Yönelik Gıda Güvenliği Algısı: Mersin Tantunisi Örneği

Author(s): Nurettin Ayaz,Büşra Meltem TÜRKMEN / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

Local food, which has been highlighted by consumers for reasons such as taste, freshness, diversity, less environmental impact, supporting the local economy and increasing food security, is increasing its popularity. This research focuses on the impact of the food safety perceptions of consumers towards local food purchase and also aims to determine whether the purchasing reason of Tantuni, a type of local food in Mersin province, has an impact on food safety perceptions. For this purpose, data were collected from 457 consumers who consume local food during February-March 2017 in Mersin province. By analyzing the data, four dimensions were obtained such as external factors, internal factors, ethnocentrism and business opportunities as the consumers' purchasing reasons of Tantuni. Consumers' perceptions of food safety towards Tantuni is determined as cooking and protection, personnel health, cleaning and hygiene, personal hygiene and cross contamination. The reason for consuming local food affects the perception of food safety at a moderate level (r=0,482; p=0.000, p<0.001). Only external factors and ethnocentrism which are the sub-dimensions related to the reasons for purchasing Tantuni, effect the perceptions of food safety.

Yiyecek-İçecek Çalışanlarının Yenilikçi İş Davranışı ile İlişkisinde Dönüşümcü Lider ve Demografik Bazı Değişkenlere Göre Farklılığının İncelenmesi

Author(s): Filiz Arslan,Ahmet Ferda Çakmak / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between innovative work behavior and transformational leadership. The secondary aim of the study is to determine whether this relationship differs according to some demographic variables. The study was carried out with the employees working in food and beverage departments of five stars hotels operating in the province of Antalya. The data were collected by using the questionnaire method. As a result of the analyzes, a positive and significant relationship was observed between innovative work behavior and transformational leadership. A significant difference was found between age and education variables and innovative business behavior and transformational leadership perceptions. It was found that there was a significant difference between the studied department and the transformational leader variable. There was no significant difference between gender and business position and innovative work behavior and transformational leadership variables.

SPA Ziyaretçilerini Motive Eden Unsurların Demografik Özelliklere Göre İncelenmesi

Author(s): Yunus Topsakal,Pınar Çelik / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

Nowadays, the SPA (salus per aqua) sector has started to grow due to rapid urbanization, noise pollution, air pollution, stress and aging. During the holidays, visitors benefit from SPA services offered in the facilities where they stay to relax and treatment. However, the factors that motivate visitors to buy SPA services and visitors expectations can vary according to demographic characteristics such as age. Therefore, SPA services offered at the accommodation facilities should be differentiated from the similar products. Despite the growth of the SPA sector, limited study has been done in the literature to better understand this market. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine the factors that motivate visitors to experience the hotel SPA during the holidays according to demographic characteristics such as local visitors, foreign visitors and ages. Motivational scale was used to measure SPA experience. The data were collected by a survey that conducted on a voluntary basis in May 2018 in Antalya. A total of 140 questionnaires were used in the study. According to the results, the expression with the highest perception is ‘seeking spiritual prosperity’, while the least perception is ‘to be seen as fashionable place’ Finally, practical suggestions were made on the basis of the findings.

Turizm Değer Zinciri Analizi Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve

Author(s): Serap SERİN KARACAER,Yüksel Öztürk / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

Main field of activity of tourism sector comprises enterprises which offer products intended for meeting the accommodation and travel needs of individuals who have temporarily left their permanent residences for any reason. In addition to these fields of activity, various enterprises and establishments (such as food- beverage, entertainment, shopping, sports, health) intended for offering an all-inclusive travel experience to touristic consumers can also be included in the tourism sector. Value chain, on the other hand, is a concept used in defining all necessary operations of a product or a service, from conceptual design to delivery to the final consumer. Thus, it is possible to express the tourism value chain as an extensive chain network including the activities of all goods and service suppliers in the process from the production of tourism products to delivery to the consumers. In this study, the value chain approach is discussed conceptually, and the objective of the study is to examine the applicability of the value chain approach to tourism, which is a service sector, and the contribution thereof. In this context, a qualitative research method has been based on within the scope of the study and a conceptual framework has been formed by carrying out a resource and document review related to the subject. As a result of the study, it has been seen that the activities such as accommodation, refreshments, transportation and shopping constitute the primary activity elements of the tourism value chain, and that a number of national and local institutions and organizations (such as government, local governments, NGOs, health and educational institutions) that will be able to contribute to the development of tourism in the destination constitute the elements of the supportive activities. It is also possible to state that the key point of ensuring global competition in the tourism sector is to ensure that all stakeholders in the chain are able to act jointly, based on the fact that “each chain is as strong as its weakest link.”

Tatilde Nereye Gitsek? Turizmde Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Yöntemi ile Destinasyon Seçimi

Author(s): Uğur Uğur,Sevtap SARIOĞLU UĞUR / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

In holiday planning for consumers, it is quite complicated to decide between different destinations with different properties. The purpose of the study is to test the availability of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in decision making according to a number of criteria, among different destinations. The descriptive study was applied to 80 participants who had visited each of the five destinations at least once. The data were collected by survey method and the sample was chosen according to the convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to make a comparison from five destinations in Turkey (Ayvalık, Çeşme, Kuşadası, Bodrum, Alanya) among the seven criteria (price, historical/natural beauty, quality, leisure facilities, shopping facilities, images, transportation). According to the results of the research, the criteria used by the participants in evaluating the destinations are price, transportation, quality, entertainment, historical/natural beauties, shopping and image in order of importance. In addition, according to the evaluation of the participants by using seven criteria, the ranking of the five destinations is in the form of Bodrum, Kuşadası, Ayvalık, Alanya and Çeşme. The research shows that applying to the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the selection of destinations in which different criteria are in place provides facilitation and objectivity in decision making.

Akademisyen Kültür Turistlerinin Yenilik Arama Düzeyleri ve Kültür Destinasyonu Tercihleri

Author(s): A. Celil Çakici,Emine ŞİMŞEK EVREN,Savaş Evren / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

Novelty seeking is one of most important subjects in terms of understanding of tourist motivations and behaviors. In the literature review, it has been observed that the subject of novelty seeking is evaluated in terms of some other types of tourists. However, it is not evaluated in terms of cultural tourists whose one of the main motivations is the novelty seeking. At this point the main purpose of this study is to determine novelty seeking levels of domestic cultural tourists, and to ascertain destination choice differences between cultural tourist clusters with different novelty seeking levels. In this context, the novelty seeking scale developed by Assaker et al., (2011, 2013, 2014) was applied to measure novelty seeking levels of participants, and the survey was conducted on the sample of academician cultural tourists. Data collection activities were conducted online in May 2018, and 563 people were reached as sampling. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA were applied to the data gathered. Results revealed that the novelty seeking scale has two-dimensional structure, and academician cultural tourist have very high level of novelty seeking tendency. Moreover, it is determined that academician cultural tourist could be clustered as medium, high and very high novelty seekers, and there are differences between these clusters especially in terms of foreign destination choice.

Otel İşletmeleri İşgörenlerinin Mutluluk Algıları Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma

Author(s): Ebru Kemer / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 3/2019

In this study, it is aimed to determine the happy and unhappy elements of the employees working in 5-star hotels in Nevşehir. For this purpose, data were collected by interviewing employees working in four 5-star hotels between the 1st of March and 4th of March, 2019 in Nevşehir. In the study, it was determined that the factors that caused the employees of the hotel enterprises happy and unhappy at the workplace were from the workplace and from the outside of the work. As a result of the research; while the most happy and unhappy employees at the workplace are salaries and fair workplaces, the most important factor that makes the employee happy and unhappy at work is family and social life.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sürdürülebilirlik ve Sürdürülebilir Turizm Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeyleri

Author(s): Hulusi Binbaşioğlu,Aysun Tuna,Niyazi ÖZER,Süleyman Nihat ŞAD / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

This study aims to measure the level of university students’ knowledge about sustainability and sustainable tourism. Descriptive and causal-comparative research designs were used. Descriptive statistics were used to determine how familiar the students are with the related concepts. The analysis of students’ knowledge of the related concepts in terms of gender, the chi-square statistic was employed. According to results, it was found that a large majority of students are not familiar with the technical concepts including carbon footprint, ecological footprint, while they are familiar with general concepts related to sustainability such as climate change, recycling, cultural diversity, protection of ecosystems, biodiversity, and waste management. In terms of gender, a significant difference between male and female students’ views on poverty reduction, carbon footprints, and ecological footprints was found in favor of male students.

Kültürel Miras Turizmi Değerlerinin Korunması ve Sürdürülebilirliği Kapsamında Yerel Halkın Tutumu: Cumalıkızık Örneği

Author(s): Yeliz Pekerşen,Erkan GÜNEŞ,Berkay SEÇUK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

The participation of local people in the conservation of cultural heritage elements, in ensuring their sustainability and in using them for tourism purposes, is quite important. Bursa Cumalıkızık Village is one of the important destinations that have been included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List with its cultural heritage elements. This study aims to determine the views of the local people about tourism, cultural heritage tourism and protection of cultural heritage resources, who lives in Cumalıkızık that has important resources in terms of cultural heritage tourism. In research where the quantitative method was adopted, questionnaires were used as data collection technique. In accordance with the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted in November and December of 2018. It has been found out that the awareness of the local people participating in this research is high about tourism, they have positive approach towards cultural heritage tourism and they are conscious about the necessity of the protection of cultural heritage resources. Besides, the local people are aware of the possible benefits and negative consequences of tourism.

Sosyal Medyada Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusunun Kişinin Tatil Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi

Author(s): Filiz Özlem Çetinkaya,Ramazan Pars Şahbaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

Fear of Missing Out in social media can be expressed as a feeling of emotion in the case of not being involved in the events taking place outside of him and being aware of them through social media (although it may attract the attention of the person). In the studies carried out to date, the aim of this study is to reveal the effect of FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) on holiday buying intention in social media due to the lack of research on the effect of the relationship between social media and FoMO on tourism activities. For this purpose, individuals who are over 18 years of age have been subject to 1623 questionnaires collected through Google forms. In the questionnaire; the participants' expressions about the social media usage intensities, FoMO levels, purchasing intentions, and the descriptive questions about the demographic characteristics of the participants. As a result of the research, although there is a significant relationship between the intensity of social media usage and FoMO, it was concluded that FoMO has an effect on the purchase intention of the person in social media. In the light of the results and literature review, various propositions have been made to researchers and enterprises.

Turizm Endüstrisinde Robotlaşma

Author(s): Salim İbiş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

In recent years, the use of robot technology in different sectors worldwide is rapidly spreading. Especially with the industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence robot technology has gained a new dimension. Tourism industry, although labor intensive, has a significant share of these technological developments. The aim of this study, which is based on the literature review; the aim of the course is to discuss the current situation of robot technology in tourism industry, multidimensional effects and future trends. Within the scope of the study within the tourism industry; the current usage of robot technology in hotel business, travel establishments, restaurant enterprises, airports, museums and tourism guidance profession has been examined and the tendencies towards future are determined. The results of the study show that there are many examples of robot technology in the tourism industry and the present findings indicate that the use of robot technology in the future will increase in the tourism industry.

İstanbul’daki Kuş Sarayları: Son Şans

Author(s): Ahmet Vatan,Öykü Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

The bird palaces which have existed since 13th century face the danger of extinction. They have an important place in the Turkish history. The precious examples of the bird palaces, which are the symbol of mercy, are located in Istanbul. The bird palaces which is increased in 17th and 18th century, not only the Turkish and Islamic architecture but also other religions and civilizations that lived in Istanbul, is the special legacy to left behind to Istanbul. This study aims to raise awareness on the cultural heritage of the bird palaces within the last chance tourism and to presents a tour route in Istanbul. To accomplish this aim, the literature on the bird palaces and the last chance tourism were also reviewed. By means of obtained information, a route including the bird palaces that is located in Istanbul, has been established. In the proposal route of this paper, bird palaces are visited at total of 19 kilometers with a walking route in the 13 points. As a result of the paper, in order to prevent the extinction of bird palaces, proposals were presented to public institutions and organizations, tourism industries and subsequent researchers.

Destinasyon Web Sitelerinin Tasarım ve İçerik Açısından Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Meltem Altinay,Emir KARAGÖL / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

The aim of the research is to reveal content and design features that should be on the destination web sites and evaluate the destination websites according to these characteristics. The study is important in terms of revealing content information and design features of destination websites which is an important source of information for potential tourists. The research data were obtained by an evaluation form consisting of 43 items including 30 items and 13 designs using descriptive survey model. Content validity of the evaluation form was obtained by taking experts’ opinions. Then, the official websites of Istanbul and Barcelona, two of the most attractive tourist cities of Turkey and Spain, were evaluated in terms of content and design. According to the results of the research, it is revealed that two destination websites have different features in terms of both content and design. According to the evaluation form, the Barcelona website in terms of content and Istanbul website in terms of the design were found more appropriate.

(NE)USTAVNOST ODREDBE O TESTU GLAVNOG CILJA TRANSAKCIJE ILI ARANŽMANA IZ PORESKIH UGOVORA

Author(s): Dejan Popović,Gordana Ilić-Popov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The principal purpose of transaction or arrangement test (PPT) contained in MLI authorises tax authorities to deny a treaty benefit. The structure of PPT shows that tax authorities were given wide discretion. Its wording does not determine what will be taxed in the source country once the benefit is denied. In authors’ opinion the residence country may decide to deny the relief for elimination of double taxation if it considers that it is the conflict of qualifications that arises from differences in interpretation of treaty or facts rather than from differences in domestic law. The constitutionality of PPT may be assessed with respect to the principles of legal certainty and equality. The tax authorities were given arbitrary authorisation to assess whether it is an abusive “one of the principal purposes of a transaction“ or a legitimate commercial objective. This may violate the principles of equality and taxation based on abilityto-pay.

JAVNI POREDAK: POJAM I STRUKTURA

Author(s): Zoran R. Tomić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The paper explores the essence and structure of public order as a general principle of every legal and social system, as well as a clause in international private law. The complexity, dynamics and importance of public order are described in this paper. The author emphasizes that public order in the broadest sense entails not only mandatory provisions, but also moral rules, accepted standards and judicial practice. This institute covers crucial social values, institutes and actions of public bodies. Public order has at least two objectives: 1) protection – public order protects human rights and freedoms as well as social community, 2) regulation of social processes, especially of public services. For this reason it is not possible to reduce public order to restrictions and/or orders. Finally, the author introduces the most important characteristics of public order and classifications of this institute.

NEOGRANIČENO TUMAČENJE NEMAČKOG GRAĐANSKOG PRAVA U VREME NACIONALSOCIJALIZMA

Author(s): Slavko Đorđević,Štefan Pirner / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they began to rebuild the German legal system in accordance with the National Socialism ideology. Considering it was impossible to complete this task “overnight”, the Nazi legal theory established the view that all acts and statutes enacted prior to 1933 must be interpreted in the interest of National Socialism. In this paper the authors analyse the theoretical foundations of such interpretation, which was marked as “unrestricted interpretation of law” in post-war legal theory, focusing on its role in the process of Nazification of German civil law that was actively practiced by German courts. The authors also briefly analyse the post-war process of “denazification” of the laws enacted during the Nazi era, which was also performed by the mean of legal interpretation, but this time with the aim of eliminating the Nazi ideology from legal rules.

EMPIRIJSKO ISTRAŽIVANJE EFEKTA UOKVIRAVANJA KAO VIDA KOGNITIVNE PRISTRASNOSTI

Author(s): Aleksandar Mojašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The paper presents typical cognitive biases of legal professionals (judges, arbitrators, lawyers, mediators) and other participants in judicial (civil) proceedings (jurors, parties). A special part is devoted to prospect theory and the framing effect. In this regard, an empirical study was conducted on a sample of law students. We started from the fact that between the two groups there is a significant difference in the choice of settlement in litigation, with moderate or high likelihood of gains or losses, as well as in litigation with low likelihood of gains or losses. The results confirm that the respondents were susceptible to framing effect only in litigation with moderate/high probability of gains/losses. This study raises some questions, primarily who is in the best position to affect the framework within which the parties decide. The author expresses the view that, despite certain limitations, mediators are in such a position.

SLOBODAN PEROVIĆ (1932–2019)

Author(s): Milan Škulić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019