Едно изображение на св. Никола Нови в контекста на стенописта в Арбанаси от XVII–XVIII век

Author(s): Vanya Sapundzieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The article examines an unpublished image of St. Nickolas the New in the loft of St George Church in Arbanassi. After a short review of the cult to the five saints that bear the name of St Nicholas the New, the author limits the choice of a particular saint to two alternatives – the most popular saint in the post-Byzantine era in terms of representation frequency – St Nicholas of Vuneni (the New) and St Nicholas of Sofia (the New). The difficulty in the precise definition of the image in Arbanassi is due mainly to the varying iconography and to the practice of representing newer saints with features of known namesakes that already have a widespread cult. Nevertheless, arguments are given in support of both possible variants, which are based on the ethnic content and the livelihoods of the population in Arbanassi, as well as on the most probable origin of the icon-painters who decorated the loft of St George Church in Arbanassi. An attempt is made to examine the murals in the context of the church complex in Arbanassi by seeking stylistic and iconographic similarities, which would provide a possibility to identify the specific prerequisites for identification on the background of the development of post-Byzantine art in the Balkan context.

The displacement of the Yezidis after the rise of ISIS in Northern Iraq

Author(s): Irene Dulz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

In the summer of 2014 the expansion of “The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIL/ISIS) from Syria into Iraqi territory triggered the displacement of two to three hundred thousand members of the Yezidi community in Northern Iraq. Displaced from Sinjar and other districts in the Nineveh governorate, the majority of Yezidis are hosted in the Dohuk governorate and are living there as internally displaced persons. The article explores the impact of the displacement from different angles and investigates the impact on the Yezidi community as well as the impact on ethnic and religious aspects of social life in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Mapping action and identity in the Kobani crisis response

Author(s): Thomas McGee / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article compares humanitarian operations associated with Turkish state and pro-Kurdish movement actors in response to the large cross-border displacement of Kurdish-Syrians into Turkey from the September 2014 Kobani crisis. Analysis draws on actor mapping methodologies and fieldwork conducted in the Kurdish-majority town of Suruç in southern Turkey. Parallels with the 2011 Van earthquakes highlight the ethno-national complexities and potential controversy encountered when responding to humanitarian needs of predominantly Kurdish populations in Turkey. The alternative territorial identities generated by practices of Kurdish municipal-level “governmentality” (through camp management and humanitarian assistance) trouble the assumed hierarchy between Turkish state authorities and Kurdish challengers.

ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО ИСЛАМСКОГО ИСКУССТВА С ЭПИГРАФИЧЕСКИМИ НАДПИСЯМИ В СОБРАНИИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МУЗЕЯ КФУ

Author(s): Svetlana Igorevna Valiulina,Alsu Renatovna Nuretdinova,Damir Adgamovich Shagaviev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

During the 19th – early 20th century, owing to the efforts of members of the Society of Archeology, History and Ethnography at the Kazan University, the collection of the Archaeological Museum was formed by acquisitions from the private collections. These materials were rarely accompanied by passport data and, therefore, had limited opportunities in terms of scientific application. The article aims to attribute some works of medieval Islamic art in the museum collection. To fulfill this aim, traditional methods (comparative-typological, stylistic, and linguistic) were used in the comprehensive study along with those commonly applied in natural sciences (semi-quantitative emission spectral analysis for ceramic products, and, most importantly, non-destructive method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for determination of the chemical composition of a metal candlestick stand). Products made of brass, bronze, kashin (faience), and ceramics are similar in the presence of epigraphic inscriptions, which extends their informational potential. The findings were made possible during identification of the stylistic features of these products, compliance of the morphological characteristics with the nature of epigraphic inscriptions, and, for toreutics products, the content or semantic component of often fragmentary texts appeared to be minor, while the performance or style turned out to be more important – handwriting of inscriptions, its involvement in the ornamental composition of works. Stylistic expressiveness of the artifacts and wide geography of their parallels, – Mosul, Herat, Nishapur, Merv, Samarkand, etc. – allowed to present the reliable morphological and technological description, as well as to date, based on analytical data and a wide range of the parallels, each subject within the 10th – 14th century and to determine the probable production center. The obtained results are important and will be used for further study of crafts products of the Volga Bulgarians, primarily from Bilyar and Bolgar (the capital centers of the state beginning from the 10th century), which became one of the components of Islamic culture since the time of the adoption of Islam.

Městské kanceláře a jejich význam pro studium středověkých a raně novověkých urbánních dějin (na příkladu Čech a Moravy)

Author(s): Jana Vojtíšková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

The study presented sets its aim as setting out the key themes and significance of the complex research of the municipal offices, using the example of Bohemia and Moravia, so the knowledge gained could become an indispensable base for further study of urban history. Despite the undoubted difficulty, which is placed on the researcher of research focused in this way, the reconstruction of the Hradec (Králové) municipal office activities to 1620 for instance proved that even with the greatly fragmentary nature of the material, it is possible to reach quite fundamental knowledge on the development of the Bohemian urban milieu, especially thanks to overcoming the formal diplomatics analysis and studies of the isolated sources and thanks to the use of knowledge from a number of historical disciplines. Another indisputable advantage is monitoring a longer time period of the development of the relevant office, which can easily reveal the progress or regress of the individual towns, that had not yet formed a homogeneous whole in Bohemia and Moravia even in the period of the Early Modern Period, namely not even in the case of royal towns. This certain individual nature is typical also for the area of municipal offices, the organizational structure of which and the method of keeping the documents reflect the importance and emancipation of the relevant urban milieu and generally also the number of its denizens. It was only the reform interventions of Maria Theresia and especially then Joseph II that created the new conditions for the development of municipal office practices and for their unification, which arose from the new classification of Bohemian and Moravian towns.

ŞEKİ TÜRBELERİ

Author(s): Cəmalə Arif Səfərova / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 15/2012

The sacred places have the special and undeniable place in the history of Turkic peoples’ beliefs. The religious beliefs and faiths as a part of moral culture have been saved and preserved by people throughout the centuries until our time. One of the ancient cities of Azerbaijan, Shaki, is among those historical cities which are still linked to their religious roots and reflect their material and moral cultures nowadays. During ethnographic research in the city, religious affection drew our attention among its local characteristics, which differed it from many other cities of Azerbaijan. In general, during the Soviet times, not only there was no attention to researches of places for pilgrimages in Azerbaijan, called “hearths” and “pirs” (sacred places) among population, but also actions were taken to erase such values from history and the people’s memories. For this purpose, “Commission against religion” was set in 1924. The magazine named “Allahsiz” (Godless) was published and distributed to all regions and villages of Azerbaijan. Starting from 1920s and 1930s atheist ideology was widely propagated and numerous actions were taken to reduce the influence of Islam. People were, under compulsion, drifted apart from their ancient customs and traditions, hijabs and papakhs (male headdress) were forbidden, Koran and other religious books were burnt, mosques were converted into barns, warehouses and dance floors. Sayyids, mullahs, and other representatives of religion were persecuted, praying people were punished and those maintaining resistance were exiled. However, people were secretly following their faith and are currently free to practice all the values they had once preserved.

OSMANLI-RUSYA-MOLDAVYA DAVRANIŞLARI ÇERÇEVESİ İÇERİSİNDE GÜNEY-DOĞU AVRUPA GAGAUZLARIN ETNİK TARİHİ

Author(s): Olga Radova-Karanastas / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

Her milletin dili, edebiyatı, genelden bütün kültürü, tarihe bağlı. Nasıl yok tarih milletsiz, öyle da yok millet tarihsiz, dilsiz, kültürsüz. Yok küçük millet, küçük dil, küçük kültür, ama var sayısı az milletlerin dili, edebiyatı, kültürü. Gagauz milleti de onların birisidir. Onun uzun ve zengin tarihi, derin köklü kültürü, edebiyatı var. Gagauzların evelki etnik tarihi o migratsiya protseslarına bağlı, açan onların dedelerinin bir kısmı VII-XI-ci yüzyıllarda Güney-Doğu Avrupa’da, tarihsel bölgelerde - Bucak’ta, Dobruca’da, Makedoniya’da, Trakiya’da yerleşiyorlar165. Çağdaş zamanda gagauzların tarihinle, kültürünle, dininle ilgili sorular, bilim dünyasında çok tartışmalar çıkarıyorlar, deyceyz: ne zaman onlar bir etnos gibi oluştular, dinlerini kabul ettiler, çeşitli tarihsel bölgelerde yerleştiler; gagauzların dedelerinin soyları kimlerden geliyor, nekadar onların nüfusu ve daha çok çeşitli sorular var?

İRAN TÜRK SAFEVİ DEVLETİ’NİN KURULUŞU VE TÜRK TARİHİNE STRATEJİK ETKİSİ

Author(s): M. Serkan Taflioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

Safevi devletinin kuruluşu, daha önceki İslam ordularının İran coğrafyasına girişi ve Moğol istilaları gibi tarihin önemli olaylarından kabul edilmektedir. İslam sonrası dönemde ilk defa olarak İran toprakları bir Türk hükümdar altında birliğini sağlamıştır. Bölgenin önemli uzmanlarına göre Safevi devleti ideal bir Türk Devletidir.177 Bunun ardından günümüzdeki modern manada olmasa da İranlılık kavramı tekrar bir kimlik olarak ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Şah İsmail, Oniki İmam Şiiliğini devletin resmi mezhebi yaparak, Sünni Osmanlı ve Özbek devletlerine karşı kendi devletini ideolojik olarak ayakta tutacak ve onlara karşı bir mücadele edecek bir unsur sağlamış oluyordu. Toynbee, Tarih Üzerine Çalışma adlı eserinde bu ortaya çıkışı, Şiiliğin dirilişi ve İslam tarihinde bir sapma olarak değerlendirmektedir.178 Şüphesiz ki Anadolu ve İran’daki Türkmen unsuruna dayanan Safevi devletinin kuruluşunu incelerken Osmanlı devleti ile olan ilişkileri değerlendirmek bir nevi mecburiyettir. Safevi devletinin kuruluş felsefesi ve dış siyaseti gereği ilk hedefi Anadolu ve Osmanlı Türk hakimiyetidir. Bu bağlamda kuruluş esnasında temel sorunlar Osmanlı Türk Devleti ile yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise Safevi devletinin kuruluşunun Türk ve Bölge jeopolitiği üzerine etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.

Едно нестандартно представяне: Jean-François Gossiaux. Les débris épars du pogrès. Évolutionnisme vs anthropologie. Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2016

Author(s): Mila Santova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

Book Review

Морално-етична, съдебна и стопанска политика на ВМОРО към българското население в Македония и Одринско до 1912 г.

Author(s): Elena Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Even in the beginning and later in the course of its development, IMARO generated a number of program documents that turn in some written rules regulating behaviour, both in its personnel constituted and among the Christian population in Macedonia and Adrianople region. These documents became a kind of “laws”. A system of control and enforcement of established rules was implemented.

Judgment of the Hague tribunal against Radovan Karadzic - confirmation of the greater Serbian Ideology, policy and practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Rasim Muratović / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

It has been a well-known fact that Radovan Karadzic as the President of the Republic of Srpska and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, was an exponent of the ideology of Serbian hegemony of the Serbian political, military and police regime. That regime was planned, organized and he carried out the aggression against the internationally recognized state, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the aggression and destruction of the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Radovan Karadzic gave repeated impetus and organized political and armed rebellion against the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina having been given the support by the Army of Yugoslavia, which represented the most serious offence in all socio-political systems. The main objective of the aggressive war-mongering campaign, led by Milosevic and Karadzic as his assistant in charge of Bosnia, was the war with the purpose of conquering the territory, expulsion and physical liquidation and elimination of non-Serbs from criminally conquered space. It was committed under the flag of fascist ideological fanaticism of the “national threat”.

История на Дупница и Дупнишко. София, 2015, Авторски колектив. Състaвители: Ал. Гребенаров, Ст. Германов, Г. Н. Георгиев, 624 с., с ил.

Author(s): Slavi Slavov / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2015

Book Review

Kronika

Author(s): Zuzana Tokárová,Barbara Kacerová,Lucia Heldáková,Katarína Hromuľáková,Martin Pekár,Max Welch Guerra / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

HORIZON 2020 MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE, INNOVATIVE TRAINING NETWORK, EUROPEAN JOINT DOCTORATE PROGRAMME URBANHIST. HERITAGE AND GENEALOGY. THE CONFERENCE OF YOUNG HISTORIANS VI : MIGRATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE’S HISTORY. CRISIS OR THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION? FACTS, INTERPRETATIONS, MEMORY – WORKSHOP FOR THE STUDENTS OF HISTORY. CURRENT RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF THE MINORITY POLICY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY. PRICE OF VICTORY”. ABDUCTED CITIZENS FROM SLOVAKIA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES INTO THE USSR IN THE YEARS 1944 – 1945.

Anotácie

Author(s): Mária Fedorčáková,Mikuláš Jančura,Marta Sendeková,Monika Ďuďáková,Lucia Tokárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

VAJDA, BARNABÁS – GAUCSÍK, ISTVÁN (EDS.). VÁROSTÖRTÉNETI FEJEZETEK A CSEHSZLOVÁK SZOCIALIZMUS KORÁBÓL : AZ URBANIZÁCIÓ FORMÁI DÉL-SZLOVÁKIÁBAN. DZURIKANINOVÁ, NIKOLETA (ED.). VOJENSKÉ KONFLIKTY V DEJINÁCH EURÓPY. STRETNUTIE MLADÝCH HISTORIKOV V. ČOVAN, MIROSLAV. HISTORICKÉ NÁPISY ZO ŠARIŠA DO ROKU 1650. CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM SLOVACIAE 1. NÁPISY NA SLOVENSKU. LAURENCE, RAY. ŘÍM V ROCE 300 N. L. – TURISTICKÝ PRŮVODCE PO STAROVĚKÉM SVĚTĚ. TATRANSKÝ, ADAM. STOROČIE KOŠICKÝCH ELEKTRIČIEK, 1913 – 2013. GLEJTEK, MIROSLAV – LABANC, PETER. CVIČENIE Z HISTORICKEJ CHRONOLÓGIE : SPÔSOBY DATOVANIA V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKU. GLEJTEK, MIROSLAV – LABANC, PETER. CVIČENIA ZO STREDOVEKEJ LATINSKEJ PALEOGRAFIE : UHORSKÉ LISTINNÉ PÍSMO V 13. - 16. STOROČÍ.

SUBSTANŢA EPICĂ A LEGENDEI VÂNĂTORII RITUALE A ANIMALULUI-CĂLĂUZĂ LA TRIBURILE EURASIATICE ŞI LA POPOARELE ÎNVECINATE DIN EVUL MEDIU

Author(s): Victor Spinei / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2014

The legendary cycle of the ritual hunt of the so-called guiding animal (das wegweisende Tier, l’animal-guide) benefited from an ample diffusion in space and time, as it was identified among numerous ethnic groups within Europe and Asia, in Antiquity and in theMiddle Ages, sometimes with unblurred echoes in the subsequent eras. The myths circumscribed to this thematic conglomerate do not represent a simple episode within the current ritual practices, but they embody insightful connections with the overall ancestral religious beliefs, with implacable demographic restructurings and with profoundly meaningful political moments. The essence of the legends related to the ritual hunt of the guiding-animal consisted of pursuing and even sacrificing a wild mammal (more rarely a domestic one), by a human community, led by the animal towards a convenient place. In this place, an important settlement, a city, a house of worship, a state body or one that provided appropriate standards of living was founded. Either the animal was tracked down within a hunting enterprise, or the animal itself assumed the guidance of a community; the latter accepted this position because it felt that it would be profitable for its destiny. The purpose of involving the animal in the life of the human group was to help it get out of a precarious condition and to offer it better standards of living. Hence, the larval state, without any horizon, was surpassed and a preponderant position within the terrestrial universe was acquired. The animal in question was endowed with condescendence, with an infallible sense of orientation and a miraculous force, which induces the idea that it was an emissary of the divinity. Although ritual-hunt legends were created in several places of the world, one cannot exclude influences and borrowings – mostly concerning details – among neighbouring communities, stimulated mostly by the migration of human masses and by the improvement of the commercial, confessional or other types of relations. As the migratory waves crossed transcontinental routes and they adopted foreign idioms, going through acculturation, confessional proselytism and activating other complex interconnection networks, they transferred and proliferated customs, myths and rituals of highly diverse origins. That, all the more as humankind has never and nowhere had an evolution with autarchic attributes.

Списък на публикациите на Иван Венедиков

Author(s): Ivan Venedikov / Language(s): Turkish,English,Bulgarian,French,Russian,German Issue: 19/2011

Book review: Edward Olszewski, Bogusław Zieliński (eds.), Spotkania polsko-chorwackie [Polish-Croatian Meetings], Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2014..

Author(s): Patryk Madej / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2015

Татарски образи в българския национален наратив през XIX век

Author(s): Veneta Yankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article discusses the morphology of Otherness in the Bulgarian meta-narrative in regards to the empirical case connected to the concept of the Tatars in the minds of Bulgarians in the late 18th and in the 19th century. Тhe text analyses the Tatar topoi in the Bulgarian folk songs, in historiography and in 19th century Bulgarian literature. The Bulgarian national narrative enriches the morphology of Otherness by incorporating heterogeneous Tatar images as variants of stereotypical notions of the abductor. Some mythologems associated with archaic layers of human culture and forming a folklore-mythological matrix of understanding foreignness are recreated. According to the the data from the Bulgarian folk songs, there is no independent Tatar subject, the Tatar topoi are incorporated secondarily into the song motifs, connected with abduction. These are heterogeneous elements, whose primary objective is to maintain a “sense of history”. Such mythologized images were present in written texts in the late 18th and in 19th century thus supporting the Bulgarian “great narrative” that legitimized the preliminary design for the creation of the nation. Since the middle of the 19th century due to the empirical experience of direct communication Tatar emigrants have gradually been discovered in their natural human form while their activities have left durable traces in the local memory and heritage of the region.

Кръпките по дрехите на македонизма

Author(s): Voin Bozhinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2013

The Republic of Macedonia exists on the European political map for more than two decades. For this not short time period, very few things in the young country have changed.

Истината на един очевидец за така наречения възродителен процес

Author(s): Zhivko Sahatchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2013