ФИСКАЛНА ДЕЦЕНТРАЛИЗАЦИЈА У НЕКИМ ОД ЗЕМАЉА СУКЦЕСОРА СФР ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ

Author(s): Ljiljana Jović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 122/2006

In the developed countries, fiscal decentralization appears as a reflection of the democratic processes strengthening. On the other hand, it represents one of many challenges and the uneasy task to complete when the countries in transition are in question. This process is even more significant in the countries of the former Yugoslavia given the fact that it is taking place concurrently with the process of independent state establishing. It also appears as one of preconditions for joining the European Union. Firstly, this paper describes problems that appear in this sense within the countries in transition, followed with the solutions enforced in three countries of the former Yugoslavia – Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia.

Фискална система на средновековна България

Author(s): Ivan Biliarsky / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2010

Instead of a short abstract, please refer to the PDF-files of the introduction to the book, its table of content and the sample-PDF (in English) which, each of them, you can download for free from here. We hope you'll get through these files a more comprehensive impression about the book than would be provided by just a few lines of an abstract / summary.

Фінансова система України часів козацької держави (1648-1657)

Author(s): Natalia Pak,Emilia Kostyshyn / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 28/2016

The subject of the study is the formative Features of Cossack State financial system.The aim is to study the foundations of the financial system of the Cossack state.The method of research - historical, comparative, literary, narrative.The results of the work. The article analyzes the main features of the national economy of Ukrainian Cossack state. The features of the formation of the financial system, monetarysystems of that days are considered.Conclusions: The national economy arose and developed on the basis of the state (Ukrainian Cossacksstate) and deepening social division of labor. The main features of national economy were formed: close economic ties (development of domestic and foreign trade); single economicSpace (Hetman universal, availability of currency, the creation of a single financial system and its components); single economic center (moderate external and internal economic policyB. Khmelnitsky); sovereignty (Hetman personality and power as a head of state and of government, Hetman power was of a nation-wide character) and a common area.At this time the financial system of the Ukrainian Cossack state was formed, as evidenced by theNational Treasure created, as well as a system of taxes, custom tarrifs to be obligatory contributed to the State Treasury, the expenditures from the State Treasury and monetary credit system.

ФОНДОВТЕ НА ДА-БЛАГОЕВГРАД КАТО ИЗВОР ЗА СТОПАНСКОТО РАЗВИТИЕ НА РЕГИОНА ОТ 1912 ДО ВТОРАТА СВЕТОВНА ВОЙНА

Author(s): Petar Parvanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the economic development of Gorna Dzhumaya from its accession to Bulgaria until World War II.The traditional livelihood and the archives in the SA of Blagoevgrad are presented to the local population as a source of economic development.

Формиране на български стопански елит през Възраждането (по примера на Чалъковия род)

Author(s): Maria Levkova-Muchinova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The present article is devoted to the process of formation the Bulgarian economic elite during National Revival period. The main object of analysis is the economic activity of the Chalakov family from Plovdiv, who – being large-scale buyers of the beğlik sheep tax collection system in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire – were famous for their economic and social activity in the second and third quarter of 19th century. The Chalakov family’s many years of experience in the buyout system, that took place via various economic practices, is an interesting example of Bulgarians’ integration in the Ottoman economy, as well as of the process of formation of wealthy Bulgarian economic elite during the Bulgarian National Revival. Article’s special highlight is on another aspect of the social “portrait” of the Chalakov family – their active engagement with the pending social problems.

Формирование культурного ландшафта Уральско-Мугоджарского региона в позднем бронзовом веке: освоение меднорудных ресурсов и стратегия адаптации к условиям горно-степной экосистемы

Author(s): Vitaly Tkachev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

The author uses archeological sources analysis and results of natural science researches with application of ethnographical data to reconstruct an economic-cultural model in one of the local variants of the Alakul culture in the context of the cultural landscape concept developed in geography. It is ascertained that in the late Bronze Age the life support system of population within the Ural-Mugodzhary region relied on nomadic cattle-breeding, while hunting played a secondary role, and both harmoniously combined with mining industry. An effective adaptation strategy supported a traditional cultural landscape relying on the capability of steppe geosystems to regenerate, maintaining their ecological function and dynamic equilibrium between human needs and natural resource potential. The geographical space, with the habitat it formed, was explored not only for utilitarian purposes, but also spiritual, semantic and symbolic ones.

Формирование системы оплаты труда инженерно-технической интеллигенции в первой половине 20-х годов XX века

Author(s): Maxim V. Ermushin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2014

The article shows the process of formation of state policy towards salaries of the technical-engineering intelligentsia in the conditions of transition to the New Economic Policy.

Френското излъчване на резиденция Евксиноград

Author(s): Tzveta Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2016

Фридрих Андреевич Земит — организатор советских финансов

Author(s): Dmitry Igorevich Petin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 29/2019

The article is a historical and biographical study of the fate of an important Soviet financial official of Latvian origin, who played a crucial role in the formation of the Soviet financial and economic system during the Civil War, directly leading the reconstruction of regional financial systems and financial management bodies in Ukraine and Siberia. The hero of our story had good professional authority among the highest Soviet state and financial figures. F. A. Zemit was acquainted with V. I. Lenin; his close circle included N. N. Krestinskiy, G. Ya. Sokolnikov, A. O. Alskiy, and others. Mass repressions in the 1930s of representatives of the Latvian diaspora and Soviet financial employees foreshadowed Zemita’s tragic fate. The article addresses historical and biographical method used, as well as the general historiography of the issue at hand. The basis for this study was unpublished sources from the 1920s (mainly questionnaires, autobiography, and personnel records) in the Russian State Archive of Economics and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, as well as in five Siberian regional archives and periodicals. These allow the reconstruction of Zemit’s complex life in detail. The article concludes with thoughts about the influence of the Revolution and Civil War on the fate of the hero of this article. This publication may be of interest to a wide range of readers: specialists in the history of the Russian financial system, students of the history of the Latvian diaspora in Russia, and those interested in Soviet pre-war society, repressive policies of the Soviet state, and practical genealogy.

Химический состав изделий из цветных металлов с золотоордынских поселений северных районов Нижнего Поволжья

Author(s): Leonard Fedorovich Nedashkovsky / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2018

Earlier published and not published results of analyses of the chemical composition of wares from the non-ferrous metals occurring from the Golden Horde settlements of the central part of the Saratov region dated by the second half of the 13th—14th centuries were generalized in the article. The description of the chemical composition of wares is given for the groups distinguished by their functional purpose. The studied Golden Horde wares were compared by types of alloys with the materials of Novgorod of 13th—14th centuries. The materials of the Hmelevskoe I settlement (town) are the closest to Novgorod by composition of alloys, slightly farther are the materials of rural settlements of Ulus Jochi. Among the Golden Horde wares in general, in comparison with the Novgorod materials, it is much less made of lead-tin bronzes and much more from tin bronzes; it is slightly less brass objects in our materials, it is more wares from multicomponent alloys (copper, tin, zinc and lead) and ‘pure’ lead, and wares from ‘pure’ tin are absent at all. In the materials of Pskov of 13th—14th centuries, in comparison with ours, there are much fewer wares from ‘pure’ copper, and many more objects (even in comparison with the Novgorod materials) from brass and multicomponent alloys, with prevalence of zinc. These data allow the possibility of import of brass to the territory of the Golden Horde, as well as to Old Rus, from Western Europe, perhaps, through the Baltic region.

Химический состав стекла Болгара и Сувара

Author(s): Svetlana I. Valiulina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2016

The article presents the results of the analysis of a representative series of glass products from Bolgar, reflecting all the stages of the history of Bolgar (10th —15th centuries) and Suvar (10th —12th centuries). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used as the main method. Excavation materials (mainly of recent years) made up an analytical sample. The article analyzes the most representative in both cities chemical type (sodium ash glass), which corresponds to Islamic glassmaking tradition, as well as the chemical composition of some special products from Bolgar, complementing broad international relations of Bolgar and the state of Volga Bulgaria. Data on the chemical composition of products (from the decorations of the Viking Age and early Islamic vessels to the Middle Eastern products with gold and enamel painting of the 13th —14th centuries and products of the glassmaking workshop in Bolgar), supported by historical interpretations and a wide range of parallels, allowed to identify the role of Bolgar and Suvar in the system of the medieval glassmaking. Priority was given to the materials of the Golden Horde period.

Христо Миланов Матов на 90 години

Author(s): Milkana Boshnakova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2014

Хронологија важнијих догађаја 1968. године

Author(s): Nataša Milićević / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Chronology of the Important Events in 1968

ХРОНОЛОГІЯ ЗНАХІДОК В УКРАЇНІ СРІБЛЯНИКІВ ТИПУ IVВОЛОДИМИРА СВЯТОСЛАВИЧА

Author(s): N. S. Moiseenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2018

In July 2018, a rather significant event happened in medieval numismatics at least, a hundredth IV type srebrenik of Vladimir Svyatoslavich (978–1015) was excavated on the territory of Ukraine. In the Corpus of the oldest Rus’ coins of the X–XI centuries, which was based on the results of the first century of the study of srebreniks, only 25 specimens of Vladimir Svyatoslavich’s type IV coins minted with17 and 18 stamp pairs were taken into account. In the middle of September 2018, it became known about 121coins, which can be classified as authentic, and about a dozen variants of counterfeits of this type, which among the whole quantity of Vladimir srebreniks are the least common.100 pieces from this quantity were found in Ukraine’s territory, 11 srebreniks in Russian Federation,3more coins in the Republic of Belarus, places of discovery for the rest were not yet ascertained, but reliably considerable part of them also can come from findings in Ukraine. Due to almost five fold increase of studying material, it becomes possible to specify metrology,considerably extend topography of coins’ findings, make testing of some specimens. Assays of all examined specimens (including that were earlier considered to be made from base metals), in spite of prevalent opinion,show the presence of silver (from 185 to 960 ‰).M.P. Sotnikova believed that all of the stamps of the Vladimir IV type srebreniks were engraved by one carver (except for the pair of K 174 having the features of “rough and unskillful work”), but nowadays thisstatement does not look so categorical. At the time of the publication of this work, 56 intact or nearly non-damaged srebreniks have been taken into account; data about the mass of the other 11pieces are absent. The average weight standard of the remaining 44 coins is 2.604 ± 0.011 grams. Concerning the time of discovery of describing group of coins it is possible to report that in the 19thcentury srebreniks of IV type of Vladimir Svyatoslavich were found 23 pieces (from them 21 coins come from Nizhynhoard), in the 20th 7specimens and at the beginning of the 21st century 91 coins. Data about the chronology of findings with more granularity were tabulated at the end of the paper.Since the middle of 2000 strong growth of the quantity of finding coins was observed, which topped in2013 (15 coins), whereupon situation became stabilized and recently about ten of srebreniks of the IV typewere found annually. Hence it might be supposed that utter exhaustion of findings will take considerable lapse of time and therefore only recording and systematization of srebreniks should be done now and questions about a probable revision of their classification should be left for following generation of numismatists.Since the publishing of Corpus topography of storage of the IV type of srebreniks of Vladimir also changed. If before 1995 AD 21 coins (from 25 known, i.e. 84%; the rest 4 coins or 16% were undiscovered,including specimen К 175-4, from which only galvanic copy has survived) were stored in state museums, thento the middle of 2018 only 24 coins numbers in state collections (from 121 known ones, i.e. 19,83% or about1/5 of the whole quantity, 4 srebreniks are as before undiscovered (≈ 3,3%), and in private collections are known no less than 93 coins (76,86%, i.e. ¾of the whole body of the IV type srebreniks). Accordingly, the centre of the study of early Rus coins gradually moved from museums to the surroundings of private collecting.From examined 121 early Rus coins only 13 specimens have traces of non-economic usage and on 2 of them, they are possible.The author compiled the table with the given expanded topography of the finds of the type IV srebreniks,also the metrological data of majority known coins were checked up which significantly widened our understanding of Vladimir Svyatoslavich’s monetary emissions.

Цар Симеон Велики: от „варварската“ държава до християнското царство

Author(s): Ivan Bozhilov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Цветной металл ямной культурно-исторической области из памятников Украины: морфология и технология изготовления

Author(s): Natalia V. Ryndina,Anna D. Degtyareva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2018

Data of an analytical study of non-ferrous metal of the Yamnaya cultural-historical area of Ukraine are generalized by methods of the spectral analysis, x-ray microanalysis and metallographic analysis. The received results confirmed by morphological and typological characteristics of tools allowed us to classify the North Black Sea center of metal production as metalworking with the leading western Balkan-Carpathian direction of metallurgical contacts. During the Early Bronze Age a new model of organization of metal production appeared which persisted until the end of the Middle Bronze Age and is characterized by the use of low-alloyed arsenical bronze, forge and, in smaller degree, foundry techniques of tools production in the steppe zone of Eastern Europe. Skills and manufacturing techniques of the tools were determined by composition of availability of the initial raw material, i. e. arsenical bronze, to the craftsmen. Metal production demonstrates almost full unification and standardization of making tools and jewelry of low-alloyed arsenical bronze during shape-forming forging, to a lesser extent, using foundry techniques in unilateral molds with subsequent manufacturing of an item by heating it to 400—500°C. There were metallurgical communications of Yamnaya tribes of the Northern Black Sea coast with the synchronous Corded Ware Cultures, which, in particular, is manifested in distribution of Yamnaya tools on the sites of the Corded Ware Cultures and in possible acquisition of tin-arsenic alloys in the form of ingots from the Central European area.

Цена иноземного господства: формы экономической зависимости Молдавии от Османской империи

Author(s): Pavel V. Sovetov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2000

The control of the Ottoman Empire over Moldavia in XVI-XVII centuries was especially marked in limited political independence and growing economic dependence of the country. However, the opinion that the tribute («kharaj») was constantly increasing is wrong. Converting the payments into the market cost of cattle showed that kharaj reached its peak in the 80s of XVI c., while in XVII-mid. XVIII c. the size of the tribute stabilized at a rather low level. In legal terms, a tendency to enhance foreign control was marked in sultan’s administration aiming to interpret kharaj as «jizia» – a tax collected from non-Muslim countries deprived of their state sovereignty by the Ottomans. In economic terms, it was peshkesh and rushwet which received the largest spread as official and nonofficial donations mainly to enrich direct incomes of the Empire’s top rulers. By the end of XVI c. they had amounted the size of several tributes and had become one of the heaviest forms of dependence along with the forced supplies of agricultural products, construction materials, free labour force, etc. In the late XVII-XVIII cc. Moldavia, as well as Wallachia, used to give over a half of their GDP in favor of the Ottoman Empire, a fact which has no precedents in the European history. Catastrophic taxation caused bad economic crisis and conservation of feudal relations. It all led to the country’s lagging far behind many other European nations. This was the price paid for Ottoman control during many centuries.

Центральноукраїнський науковий вісник. Економічні науки

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Ukraine

"Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences" is peer-reviewed journal with open access.

The Purpose of the Journal: illustration of the results of scientific research of the issues of economic theory and practice, labour economy, branches of industry, agriculture, transport; organization management; finances, crediting, currency; marketing; accounting, auditing, analysis of economical activity; international economic relations; economic cybernetics; application of mathematic mechanism and modern computing etc.

Thematic sections of the contents (subject areas): Economic Theory and History of Economic Thought; Labor Economics, Social Economics and Politics; International Economic Relations; Economics and Management of National Economy; Finance and Credit; Development of Productive Forces and Industries; Economics and Management of Enterprises; Accounting, Analysis and Audit; Statistics; Mathematical Methods, Models and Information Technology in the Economy. The target audience of the Collection includes students, academics, researchers, regulators, standard-setters and professionals in the fields of economics, finance, management, accounting and auditing.

Likely subscribers are Higher educational institutions, universities, research institutions, research funding organizations, governmental and international agencies, financial institutions and exchanges, regulatory institutions and individual researchers.

Център и периферия на европеизираните публични сфери

Author(s): Ralitsa Kovacheva,Ralitsa Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2018

The text presented is dealing with the current transformations of the Europeanised public spheres. The author argues that depending on the level of presence of the current European debates in the national public sphere, we can highlight centre and periphery and in parallel with the process of Europeanisation, the opposite process is also taking place – a process of peripheralization. Besides the theoretical arguments, the book presents the results of a comparative analysis of 2014 European elections` media coverage in the most popular newspaper websites in Bulgaria and the UK (February-June 2014). 3356 publications from 8 media outlets (The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Independent, Daily Mail, 24chasa.bg, Dnevnik.bg, Trud.bg and Segabg.com) have been coded and analyzed.

Църковно-народностната и социална дейност на българските градски общини в Македония (1878-1903 г.)

Author(s): Rositsa Lelyova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2003

In the period of 1878-1903 the Bulgarian municipalities in Macedonia strengthen their significant position in the life of the Bulgarian population by organizing an active church-national and social activity.