Интернационалното изучаване на Македония - път за достигане на истината

Author(s): Mladen Matić / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1995

The Bulgarian philologists present at the 1993 symposium of the Macedonian Scientific Institute (Sofia) focusing on "The Bulgarian Language in Macedonia", came up with quite a few sound arguments attesting to the unity of the Bulgarian (spoken and literary) language on the territory of Moesia, Thrace ad Macedonia. The author suggests that this positive result should be multiplied by providing proof from areas occupied by other branches of science: literature, history, archaeology, folklore, ethnography, arts, geography, philosophy, as wall as law and religion.

Из фолклорната сбирка на Йордан Иванов

Author(s): Zhana Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1995

The study of Bulgaria's folklore represents a special portion of the impressive scientific work of Yordan Ivanov. It has occurred as a result of many years of research dedicated to the masterpieces of the art of folklore. Regrettably, the surviving personal archives of the outstanding scholar offer little of his one-time rich collection of folk songs.

Natalia Lazăr, Lya Benjamin, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. Un secol de activitate în România/A Century of Activity in Romania, Ediția a II-a, revizuită și adăugită, Editura Hasefer, București, 2018, 147 pp

Author(s): Claudia Bosoi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3 (19)/2018

THE INFLUENCE OF FRANCE AND ITALY’S (CENTRAL)EUROPEAN PROJECTS ON YUGOSLAVIA’S RE-EVALUATION OF REGIONAL PACTS (1927–1933)

Author(s): Srđan Mićić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This paper analyzes the impacts of the French and Italian plans for the political, military, and economic reorganization of European affairs on the Yugoslav reconsideration of regional pacts in national security policy and foreign policy, and the consequences of that reassessment on the Yugoslav standpoint toward the reorganizations of the Little Entente and its role in European affairs.

PREGLED PROGRAMSKIH TEKSTOVA U MEĐURATNIM KNJIŽEVNIM PUBLIKACIJAMA U CRNOJ GORI

Author(s): Olga Vojičić Komatina / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 32/2020

The primary objective of this text is to refer to the analytical-synthetic approach to literary theory texts published in Montenegrin journals in the period between the two world wars. These journals are: Zeta, Razvršja, Mlada Zeta, Valjci, Slobodna misao, Granit and Lovćenski odjek. Theoretical publications themselves refer to a demonstration of the poetic climate of that time. Since the interwar period involves avant-garde stylistic formation and then social-realist methodology this text is in the service of interpreting and re-actualizing complex poetic idioms, which must certainly have been adaptive to existing poetic Journal of Language and Literary Studies 121 trends. Resistance to the avant-garde cultural orientation provoked the production of highly mimetic texts, and it is quite clear that the discourses of socialism were the focus of the press at that time.

Collectivist Logic in Comparative Genocide Studies and in the Battles for Memory

Author(s): Lech M. Nijakowski / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

The article aims to present the mechanisms of collectivist logic as it functions in three areas: (1) in the historical comparative analysis of genocides – the basic method of genocide studies; (2) in the activities of the organizations of victims and survivors, as well as in actions undertaken by animal rights activists; (3) in nationalist discourses and in the politics of memory. Collectivist logic is a set of operations that address human communities – groups of individuals linked together by significant social bonds and interests, and perceived as culturally distinctive – as the subject of history. As a result of the application of such logic, we may think about collective guilt and collective merit. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of historical comparative analysis as an essential methodological tool of genocide studies. The argument further focuses upon the use of the symbolic capital attributed to the term “genocide” in studies involving analyses comparing other crimes – as well as the industrial exploitation of animals – to genocides. Finally, the author describes the relationship between the state policy of memory, nationalist discourses, and the academic integrity of genocide scholars.

Katalog biblioteczny Gimnazjum Królewskiego i Miejskiego w Szczecinie – charakterystyka dokumentu w świetle idei Gabriela Naudé i Gottfrieda Wilhelma Leibniza

Author(s): Aleksandra Skiba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2020

W artykule poddano analizie spisany w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku szkolny katalog biblioteczny szczecińskiego Gimnazjum Królewskiego i Miejskiego przechowywany w Książnicy Pomorskiej. Autorka przedstawiła krótki biogram dyrektora placówki – bibliotekarza i pierwszego redaktora rękopisu – Johanna Jakoba Sella (1754–1816), a także genezę powstania oraz budowę i charakterystyczne atrybuty katalogu. Metoda porównawcza pozwoliła na wskazanie cech wspólnych i różnic w klasyfikacji fakultetowej zastosowanej przez dyrektora gimnazjum, w odniesieniu do układu zaproponowanego przez Gottfrieda Wilhelma Leibniza (1646–1716), popularnego w kręgu bibliotek niemieckich oraz porządku przedstawionego w książce Advis pour dresser une bibliothèque autorstwa Gabriela Naudè (1600–1653), której drugie wydanie przechowywano w szkolnym księgozbiorze. Szczegółowa budowa zastosowanego schematu została zaprezentowana na przykładzie układu w dziale teologicznym. W ostatniej części artykułu autorka, w świetle aktualnych definicji terminu, podjęła kwestie katalogu Sella jako biblioteki uniwersalnej.

„Ta swetna woyna” Jana Bunyana w tłumaczeniu Jacuba Sczepana jako pomnik gwary mazurskiej

Author(s): Janusz Bogdan Kozłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

The diversity of Masurian dialects, the lack among the Masurian society of well-educated people who use these dialects on a daily basis made it impossible to develop a uniform dialect pattern. This, in turn, caused that there are no examples of Masurian dialect literature. In 1975, Prof. Wojciech Chojnacki described John Bunyan’s “The Holy War”, which was published in 1900 in Herne, Westphalia, translated into the Masurian dialect and given the dialect title “Ta Swenta Woyna”. The book was translated and published by a miner, Jacob Sczepan. A renewed interest in the translation of Bunyan’s work appeared after the publication of its digitized version by the University Library of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in 2017. The analysis of the dialect used by Sczepan allowed to classify it to the West Masurian dialect in its Nidzica form. Research queries of address and parish registers revealed only one person who could have been the author of the translation, i.e. Jacob Sczepan, born on 21.7.1867 in Witówko (Nidzica Poviat). The same Jacob Sczepan, a mining foreman, was recorded in the address register of the city of Herne in 1900. The Westphalian miner from Masuria was probably a member of the Fellow-ship Movement, while Bunyan’s work was one of the most significant and popular pietistic works. Sczepan ad-dressed his translation to pious Masurian exiles like him. For this reason, his dialect is faithful to the language spo-ken at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by the inhabitants of the Nidzica, Działdowo and Szczytno areas. This authenticity of Sczepan’s dialect makes his work unique. There is no other such extensive and authentic record of the already extinct dialect in the Masurian culture. The translation of Bunyan’s book was intended to enlighten and comfort his countrymen torn from steeped-in-traditional-piety Masuria, who were thrown into the industrialised world of the Ruhr region. However, for us, it is a valuable monument of the culture that no longer exists today.

The Humboldt Fellowships for Eastern Europe During the Cold War: Politics and

Author(s): Irina Nastasă-Matei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation was re-established in the federal republic of Germany in 1953, with the aim of demonstrating that Germany continued to be a great cultural power and of marking its place in the international arena. It awarded very prestigious fellowships to researchers from abroad, based on the criteria of academic excellence and lack of quotas. Even if sporadically at the beginning, the Foundation’s relationship with the countries of Eastern Europe started to develop in the late 1960s, despite the opposite political systems of the two blocs. This happened in the context of the FRG’sEast-centered foreign policy (Ostpolitik) and was also due to the opening of socialist countries to the West. The relationship, however, was marked in many cases by tensions, as political interests, as opposed to the cultural or academic dimension, prevailed. The article tackles the situation of the Humboldt fellows from Eastern Europe during the Cold War, focusing, from a comparative perspective, on the quantitative aspect, as well as on the political dynamics which determined their presence in West Germany.

DIN PIONIERII UNEI NOI ARME: MARINĂ VICEAMIRALUL IOAN MURGESCU

Author(s): Marius Laurențiu Rohart / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2020

The classical theory of leadership, which could be used for the military, says that „the tasks of the leaders are more complex as you go up the command chain”. For Vice Admiral Murgescu, in charge of the Romanian Flotilla this is more true as one sees he had to solve different problems (strategic, tactical and organisational). He layed the foundations for a new institution and set it towards modernization. But one of the most adequate terms we could use for him was „organiser”. This is because he had to put into practice the knowldege of the past and of the present, as it became availabe for the newfound Romanian Navy.

THE CONCEPT OF FRIENDSHIP IN TURKISH AND MOLDOVAN PROVERBS

Author(s): Mariana Budu / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2020

Proverbs reflect social and moral norms, ways of behavior, thoughts, traditions and customs, namely the culture of a nation. A significant part of the culture of a nation is reflected in human relations, that are based on the concept that we refer to as friendship. The concept of friendship can be considered the most significant and valuable concept of humanity. This concept is an ancestral heritage that is being carried into the future. This heritage could reach the present through the use of proverbs and it will be carried into the future generations by the use of proverbs as well. A proverb is one of the means to reflect a nation’s identity. It is impossible to mention a nation without proverbs on earth, because there is no nation without proverbs. It is even possible to say that the most important feature that differentiates a nation from another is proverbs. The reason is that, proverbs highlight the cultural similarities and differences among various nations. Of course, one can also refer to the proverbs that a nation got or adopted from another. It is our duty of loyalty to introduce proverbs about friendship that are used quite often both in Turkish and Moldovan languages to the world of science. The primary objective of this article is to convey the definitions of the proverbs in both cultures, to emphasize the concept of friendship, to evaluate the Turkish and Moldovan cultures of friendship, and to determine the similarities and differences in proverbs related to friendship.

Transformationsprozesse im Hohen Mittelalter aus vergleichender Sicht: Irland und Ostmitteleuropa

Author(s): Anngret Simms / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2013

Einführende Bemerkungen zum nachfolgenden Beitrag von Niall Brady “Current research and future directions in medieval rural settlement in Ireland”.

EVOLUȚIA POLITICĂ ȘI SOCIALĂ A GĂGĂUZILOR ÎN A DOUA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA: CONSECINȚELE TRATATULUI DE LA PARIS DIN 1856 PENTRU POPULAȚIA GĂGĂUZĂ DIN BUGEAC

Author(s): Stefan Bejan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2020

Following the Crimean War, the three counties of southern Bessarabia - Cahul, Bolgrad, and Ismail - were transferred to the Principality of Moldavia. Of the 200 settlements in this area, 40 were officially registered as Bulgarian-Gagaouz colonies, having about 49,000 settlers. Other Gagaouz colonies remained within the Russian Empire. We make a brief comparison between the parallel circumstances that these two types of communities experienced under the socio-political determinations of the two sides of the border.

Sv. Martin u glagoljaškoj tradiciji senjsko-vinodolskog kraja

Author(s): Antonija Zaradija Kiš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2003

The cult and tradition of St. Martin in Croatia presents an especially rich and diverse research area. In this work the author is focused on the Senj-Vinodol region, which is very interesting and especially related to medieval studies. Glagolitic tradition as an indigenous Croatian cultural expression is especially important for this region where the west European Christian spiritualism through a thousand year’s tradition was implanted. This was expressed even through the cult of St. Martin of Tours, connected with some Slavic forms. This is present on many Glagolitic epigraphs. Among those is the famous St. Martin’s relief from Senj from 1330, which is a symbiosis of Antiquity and west European Christianity as well as a heritage of the Slavic Apostles – Cyril and Method.

La tragica fine della Regina Bona Sforza e della Sultana Roxelana

Author(s): Marko Jačov / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2020

This is an attempt to compare events related to the tragic end of the life of Queen Bona Sforza d’Aragona and Hürrem Sultan (also known as Roxelana). The main portion of the story is preceded by a section relating Bona’s journey from Poland to Italy and outlines the context of political connections to the House of Habsburg. Accordingly, reasons for the grant of the loan by Bona Sforza to Philip II King of Spain are discussed. As we know, this put a tragic end to the life of the Polish queen. Even if Bona Sforza was a victim of Habsburgs’ actions aimed against her, with a considerable participation of Gian Lorenzo Pappacoda, Roxelana – treated in this text a reference point for Bona – fell victim to her own intrigues. Bona’s and Roxelana’s political activity focused on the same area in Europe. Roxelana’s acts led to the death of two sons of Suleiman the Magnificent: Mustafa and Bayezid. In turn, Bona, who was defeated by the Habsburgs, abandoned her daughter Isabella, who fought against the dynasty. Her aim was to secure the future of her son and Bona Sforza’s grandson – Jan Zygmunt Zapolya.

A Comparative Insight into Encounters, Territorialities, Identities, and Violence: Phoenicians in Southwestern Iberia and Portuguese in Africa

Author(s): Pedro Albuquerque / Language(s): English Issue: 14(43)/2021

By examining the relationship between territoriality and identity construction, this paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of three contexts where encounters between foreign colonial powers and local autochthonous communities took place. The comparison is thus focused on the interaction between Africans and Portuguese in two different contexts (São Jorge da Mina/ Elmina, Ghana between the fifteenth and the nineteenth centuries, and colonial Angola from the 1850’s onwards), on the one hand, and on the encounters between Phoenicians and Autochthonous communities of Southwestern Iberia (Tartessos?) in the first half of the first Millennium BC. This study raises new questions about the role played by sanctuaries and violence in the deconstruction of indigenous territorial perceptions and the subsequent construction of colonial territories in the Iron Age of Southwestern Iberia. Also in examination are the relevance and usefulness of a comparative methodology in the analysis of encounters between diverse cultural actors as expressed in the archaeological record.

GLAGOLJICA I ĆIRILICA PLODOVI SU DVIJU ODVOJENIH BIZANTSKIH MISIJA MEĐU SLAVENIMA

Author(s): Mile Bogović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

It is usually said and written that the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts were, in their origins, connected with the Moravian mission whose main protagonists were Constantine-Cyril and his brother Methodius. The author of this text considers that each of these two alphabets is related to one of two different missions in different areas and at different times. The Glagolitic script originated in the beginnings of the Christianisation of the Slavs in Croatia (Byzantine Dalmatia) and the areas around Solun-Thessaloniki (Macedonia), whilst the Cyrillic script is associated with the activities of the Holy Brothers Cyril and Methodius during the Moravian Mission (863-885). Both alphabets are the work of the same Byzantine missionary school, however, the Glagolitic script originated earlier from purely missionary needs, whilst the Cyrillic script originated during the strong state-political expansion of Byzantium amongst the Slavs during the "Great Byzantine Decade" (870-880). At the time of the Great Schism (1054), Rome would ask Glagolitic scribes or priests in the area of its jurisdiction in Croatia to accept the Roman or Latin rite. In Macedonia, the Glagolitic script lost all support and retreated everywhere before the Cyrillic script, and in the 12th century, it completely disappeared from the Byzantine rite. Being that both scripts were written for the same (Slavic) language, from the linguistic aspect, the connections between them continued, which can be noticed in Glagolitic and Cyrillic texts.

A Ê HOĈU KAKO MOGU – NEKOLIKO MISLI O HRVATSKOGLAGOLJSKOJ PISANOJ BAŠTINI

Author(s): Marija-Ana Dürrigl / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

In the paper are briefly summarised some views of the community who used the Glagolitic text, based on several typical statements of Glagolitic scribes, compilers and translators. From the selected quotations the connection of the diverse content of the manuscripts is revealed (some of them are arranged according to the ideal of "as general as possible" material, as though aiming at some kind of mediaeval encyclopaedism, to which The Petris Miscellany from 1468 is the closest) with a definite environment, i.e. to the audience for whom the texts are written, and with the polyfunctionality of a great number of transcribed, translated or compiled compositions. It is a process through which the specific phenomenon of "migration", mobility and adaptation of various templates and sources was realised, whereby the Glagolitic writers or priests made Croatian Glagolitic written word part of the common European mediaeval cultural, spiritual and literary tradition.

OGRIZOVIĆEV DIOKLECIJAN - REALNOST ILI FIKCIJA?

Author(s): Nenad Cambi / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

Milan Ogrizović was born on 11th February 1877 in Senj. He lived in Zagreb and was the director of the Croatian National Theatre there for a certain period. He was also an eminent Croatian writer. Before the First World War he set on stage the drama about Roman emperor Diocletian who was firstly an ordinary soldier, then a military commander and finally the emperor (Augustus in the dominate period). During his imperial career, he concentrated his skills on the reforms among which he, to the implementation of the tetrarchic system of rule, hoped to stop the crisis in the Roman Empire, in particular the violent changes on the imperial throne by military forces. Diocletian also introduced many other reforms trying to improve social and religious life. Some of them were successful some unsuccessful. One of his badly conceived measures was the persecution of Christians, which resulted in contradictory opinions about his historical role. Despite this, the contradictory attitudes of many outstanding historians and philosophers cherished positive attitudes about his personality and his historical role until modern times. So Edward Gibbon praised his rule: "Like August, we may evaluate him as the founder of a new empire." Diocletian as well as adopted son of Caesar excelled himself more as a statesman, than for his military skill. Theodor Mommsen praised him as the unsurpassed politician. In the focus of the Ogrizović’s drama is Diocletian’s stubborn persistence on the extermination of Christianity. Diocletian would with others also sacrifice his wife and daughter because of their affiliation to Christianity. But, it is far from being true. The ex-emperor allegedly put aside the relations in his family since he hated Christianity. However, such historical inaccuracy is Ogrizović’s artistic freedom. Milan Ogrizović was the first who performed Diocletian on the stage that was the Peristyle of his Palace in Split. His Peristyle was the place of various real historical events, audiences, protocol and cult festivities where Diocletian appeared and was hailed as imperator senior Augustus. It is the most attractive site for ambient theatre since it was the authentic stage of our days. Since Ogrizović was a theatre man, this fact must have been the inspiration for him. The complete drama was not performed but only the addition "The Death of Diocletian" in 1913, on occasion of the celebration of the 1,600th anniversary of the Edict of Milan staged by the great Croatian and Slovenian actor and director Hinko Nučić. Such an occasion was probably the reason why Ogrizović stressed Diocletian’s great hostility towards Christianity that Constantine admitted existed in 313.

LIBERTATEA DE CONȘTIINȚĂ ÎN TEOLOGIA ȘI PRACTICA REFORMATORILOR ANABAPTIȘTI DIN SECOLUL AL XVI-LEA CU IMPLICAȚII CONTEMPORANE

Author(s): Alexandru Ivan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2020

In the present article we will start to establish the importance of the freedom of conscience from the anabaptist theology and practice. We are interest to find out the role of anabaptist leaders, trough their writings and their testimony in the middle of XVI century. The importance of freedom of conscience is so disputed in our age, and we will find out how this anabaptist movement had promote this principal in her theology. It is also important to understand the importance of separation between state and the church promote by trough this movement. The existence of this hybrid is the major problem and the practice of baptizing children is the most important disputed doctrines between anabaptist movement and the other parts of the Reform.