A „német világpolitika” baloldali olvasata a német történet-tudományban: Fritz Fischer, Sebastian Haffner és Hans-Ulrich Wehler

Author(s): Péter Csunderlik / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

Since Mein Kampf no book has had as much impact on German society as Fritz Fischer’s Griff nach der Weltmacht (1961), which sparked one of the greatest historical debates of the 20th century. Fischer's book, which criti-cizes „German world politics” proved continuity between the aggressive policies of the Second (1871–1918) and Third Empire (1933–1945), so National Socialism cannot be considered a simple „accident” in German history. Sebastian Haffner joined this discourse with his monograph The Seven Deadly Sins of the German Empire in the First World War (1964) as did Hans-Ulrich Wehler with his book and university textbook, Bismarck und der Imperialism (1969) and Das deutsche Kaiserreich, 1871–1918 (1973). The study shows through three smaller „case studies” the emergence of a new German historiography that stands for „social liberal democracy” and is critical of the German past and perceives historiography as a critical science.

A Ê HOĈU KAKO MOGU – NEKOLIKO MISLI O HRVATSKOGLAGOLJSKOJ PISANOJ BAŠTINI

Author(s): Marija-Ana Dürrigl / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

In the paper are briefly summarised some views of the community who used the Glagolitic text, based on several typical statements of Glagolitic scribes, compilers and translators. From the selected quotations the connection of the diverse content of the manuscripts is revealed (some of them are arranged according to the ideal of "as general as possible" material, as though aiming at some kind of mediaeval encyclopaedism, to which The Petris Miscellany from 1468 is the closest) with a definite environment, i.e. to the audience for whom the texts are written, and with the polyfunctionality of a great number of transcribed, translated or compiled compositions. It is a process through which the specific phenomenon of "migration", mobility and adaptation of various templates and sources was realised, whereby the Glagolitic writers or priests made Croatian Glagolitic written word part of the common European mediaeval cultural, spiritual and literary tradition.

A Systematisation of Transcriptions of Early Olonkho Recordings According to Plot Peculiarity

Author(s): Antonina Fedorovna Koryakina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the results of textual studies of the early recordings of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho, recorded from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that scientific research of the texts of the early recordings of Olonkho with full broadcasts of the plot is most widely, systematically carried out. At the same time, researchers today continue to pay less attention to early recordings of Olonkho, producing brief or incomplete schematic statements of content. A review of early texts on Olonkho shows that these reviews have incomplete, overly concise, summaries of the plot, although they do confirm the stability of the ancient thematic content, plot structure, motifs, and image system. The richness of the poetic language and the beauty of the style, and the surprisingly artistic content and archaic motifs, which can be seen even in translations, are of considerable value for establishing a full picture of the unique oral creativity of the Yakut people. This study attempts for the first time to systematise transcriptions of early recordings of Olonkho using a summary of the plot in Russian compared with a summary of the plot in the original language. The systematised texts will be used in a comparative study of Olonkho texts recorded in the 19th and 20th centuries. This analysis shows that there has been a transfer of plot with epic texts of the late period in order to maintain a degree of continuity, using both common and specific features to bridge between traditional and modern forms of Olonkho, taking into account regional and local features.

A szakadatlanul újralátogatható fordítástörténelem. Az információtörténeti megközelítések értelme és kihívásai

Author(s): László Z. Karvalics / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2020

After identifying seven dominant information history discourses, we verify that translation history can provide worthwhile contribution to all of them. The paper offers a list of research questions, generated by information history interest, which can be seen by translation historians as their special research problem. It is also interesting to reconsider the crossroads, research challenges and new contexts of translation history, using the approaches of Big History and Social Macroevolution. After reviewing the rough historiography of translation history, we explain why it is timely to extend the scope of translation history to every historical form of linguistic connections and meaning conversion.

A szuezi válság és a budapesti 1956-os szabadságharc összefüggései Egyiptom újabb külügyi és elnöki levelezésében

Author(s): Abdallah Abdel-Ati Al-Naggar / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

The main objective of this study is to show the close interconnection between the Suez Crisis and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The relationship was of significant importance in influencing the Soviet decision to use brutal force to suppress the Hungarian Revolution. Here, I focus on how the Top Secret reports of Egypt's diplomatic missions to Budapest, Moscow, Belgrade and New York portrayed the Suez-Budapest twin crisis and the related influential factors. In this article I used, first of all, the unique materials contained documents of the Foreign Ministry of Egypt which can be found in the Egyptian National Archives concerning the Egyptian-Hungarian relations in 1956–1957.

A TALE OF TWO TRAGEDIES. A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NAKBA AND THE PARTITION

Author(s): Salman SIDDIQI / Language(s): English Issue: -/2019

The first half of the 20th century was one of the most turbulent periods in human history. Particularly with two of its major migrations: the population exchanges caused by the partition of India in 1947 and the exodus of Palestinians in 1948 after the formation of Israel (also referred to as the Nakba). Both of these events would go on to significantly shift the course of history in the 20th century. The Partition of India led to the creation of the Hindu-majority Republic of India and the Muslim-majority Republic of Pakistan, while the Nakba set the stage for the Palestinian-Israeli conflict which continues to this day. This paper seeks to introduce and analyze the massive exodus of refugees generated from both of these events. There is also an analysis and comparison of how the two cases dealt with their migrations and ethnic cleansing. This paper also seeks to introduce and analyze the issue of absentee property between the two cases. The primary time period that is being analyzed is between 1947-1951 though some of the material may extend a little further for greater context.

A terminológia mint a fordítóknak nyújtott információ- és tudásmenedzsment. Történeti szempontok

Author(s): Ágota Fóris,Andrea Faludi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this study is to present terminology as an information and knowledge management for translators from historical aspects. Several areas can be classified as subsets of information history, e.g. library science, translation, and the fields of terminology, standardization and technical documentation. Terminologists can be regarded as information specialists who provide translators with a special information service: collection, classification, and rendering terms into databases. An important step of international unification processes is standardization, in which terminology is attributed a prominent role. The “father” of terminological standardization was the Austrian engineer Eugen Wüster, whose doctoral dissertation, published in 1931, initiated the process of terminological standardization. From historical point of view, the emergence of terminology as information and knowledge management for translators can be linked to the works of Eugen Wüster. In Hungary, terminological work for translation primarily takes place in translation bureaus, so the information and knowledge management works for translators is provided by these agencies. The most important information management tools to support translation activity are the terminology databases. Such databases were launched as early as the second half of the 20th century, however, public online terminology databases only became available from the mid-1990s, and even more so from the 2000s.

A Very Precious and Useful Handbook for Economic and Monetary Historians of the Balkans

(South-Eastern European Monetary and Economic Statistics from the Nineteenth Century to World War II. Athens, Sofia, Bucharest and Vienna: Bank of Greece, Bulgarian National Bank, National Bank of Romania and Oesterreichische Nationalbank, 2014, 405

Author(s): Alexandre Kostov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

A very precious and useful handbook for economic and monetary historians of the Balkans.

A vilmosi Weltpolitik a mai német történetírásban – két példa alapján

Author(s): Gábor Szilágyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

The article compares books written by two scholars dealing with Wil-helm II’s Weltpolitik before the First World War. Heinrich August Winkler’s works, published in 2000, remain within the framework which German historians had been elaborating for decades, pointing out the domestic reasons (internal frictions between agrarians and industrians, workers’ movement etc.) of offensive foreign policy. Andreas Rödder’s approach from the late 2010s focuses more on images and perceptions of Germans and German policy in and outside of Germany. Seen from today, Rödder’s work delivers a more plausible analysis of the international relations before the First World War; however, he also tends to homogenize the era and seems to neglect minor changes or developments within the scrutinized period.

A zulu és kosza dicsérő ének (izibongo/iibongo) tegnap és ma

Author(s): Szilárd Biernaczky / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

About Us and Our Neighbours: History Textbooks in the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Ukraine

Author(s): Sergiu Musteaţă / Language(s): English

The principal research question pursued by this work is as follows: How do the Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine present one another in their history curricula and textbooks? How do the history textbooks of each of these three countries present the relationship between majorities and minorities?This book is thus focused on two main objectives: first, to generate improved understanding of the state of the discipline of history in these countries via discussion of reforms to and debates around history curricula in each country, and second, to shed light on the ways in which history textbooks in each of the three countries represent the other two and their peoples.Curriculum development and textbook production in all three countries still remain centralised. Textbooks are produced by state and private publishing houses. Most textbooks are curriculum-based and developed according to the guidelines issued by the Ministries of Education. Through their textbook publishing policy, these ministries control the content and quality of textbooks. History curricula and textbooks in all three countries have progressed, but we still encounter many problems. Among them are the following:• the content of curricula and history textbooks continues to place too much emphasis on national aspects to the detriment of the world, regional, and local dimensions of history;• it reflects the history of wars and violence instead of giving more space to periods of peaceful coexistence, cooperation and cultural communication, or of mutual enrichment between various social groups as well as between nations;• it neglects regional history and cultural and historical links with neighbouring countries;• as it stands, it causes problems in history education and the development of ethnic identity, as well as the relationship between “Us” and “Others”;• it leads to or accepts poor textbook design.The relationship between national and European history remains a closely debated topic in all three societies. Their shared reality, as evidenced by this study, is that all three countries are currently not presenting one another in any meaningful way in their history textbooks at all educational levels. In all three countries, history education and textbooks are dominated by political history and narratives of victimisation. National histories do not pay attention to their neighbours.History textbooks play an important part in the process of collective identity formation, building a relationship with the past and creating an image of the “other”. The content of textbooks determines, in many cases, students' attitudes to their neighbours. Therefore, in order to improve the situation in history education and to develop a tolerant approach to “others” in history textbooks, there is a great need for joint efforts by politicians, professionals and members of civil society in Moldova, Romania and Ukraine.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND FAILURES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FORTRESS SARMIZEGETUSA REGIA, A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE MONUMENT

Author(s): Vitalie Bârcă / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Sarmizegetusa Regia was included, together with other five Dacian fortresses (Bănița, Costești-Blidaru, Costești-Cetățuie, Piatra Roșie and Căpâlna), on the List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1999. They are a unique synthesis of external cultural influences and local traditions in terms of building techniques and overall, in the ancient military architecture, representing the monumental expression of the civilisation of the Dacian Kingdom.These fortresses are the accurate expression of the exceptional development level of the Dacian civilisation during the 1st century BC – early 2nd century AD, Sarmizegetusa Regia lying at the forefront of this fortified complex, epitomizing the evolution phenomenon from fortified centres to proto-urban agglomerations.After 2000, various laws regulated the management, preservation and protection of the monuments listed among World Heritage Sites. Some of their provisions have never been applied or abided by. Unfortunately, currently, only Sarmizegetusa Regia has a legal administrator, the other five remaining un-administered.There is no management plan for any of the six fortresses and they have no managers or administration plans. Except for Sarmizegetusa, there are not even short term strategies for the other five fortresses that would solve urgent matters. They are not even protected 24/7. The single Dacian fortress within this fortified complex that benefits of security services 24/7 is Sarmizegetusa Regia, which is under the administration of the County Council of Hunedoara. Subsequent to these measures, the phenomenon of archaeological poaching and deliberate destruction disappeared entirely from the area of Sarmizegetusa Regia. Not the same may be said for the other fortresses, where destruction and vandalism actions and archaeological poaching are still often found. In most these fortresses, there are buildings in ruin and walls dislodged in several portions. Access roads to some of these Dacian fortresses are inadequate, while vegetation in these not administered sites conquered the monuments. The poor situation in these fortresses is due to the fact that nobody administers them. The legal status of the land on which said monuments lie was not clarified to date either, and they remain not registered in land registers; the lands were not recorded in the cadastre; the owners of the right to administer the UNESCO remains were not established; the monuments and protection areas were not included in PUZ (regional Urban Plan) and PUG (General Urban Plan)type documentations of the administrative-territorial units within whose range respective monuments lie, there are no documentations for the draft of large feasibility studies for each fortress.At Sarmizegetusa Regia, things have changed for the better in the last 6 years, while discrepancies between this site and those which remained not administered are increasingly visible. The Administration of the historical monument Sarmizegetusa Regia was set up, constant security/surveillance, video surveillance were provided, a consulting Scientific Council was created and a regulation for visiting the site was drafted and implemented. Visiting routes were set up and explanatory panels with texts in Romanian and English for each monument set up, while at the pavilion by the entrance into the site may be purchased adequate informative materials. There were introduced audio guides in Romanian and English with much information on the monument and its history. The road that ran to Sarmizegetusa Regia was modernised and the County Council of Hunedoara funds the archaeological excavations. Survey measurements of the site were completed as did the documentation for the approval of intervention works (DALI). Furthermore, the issue of the sick trees on the sites’ surface, which endangered visitors, employees as well as important parts of the monument, was partially solved. Because the efforts of the research team were also implemented a series of projects which facilitated the access of the heritage from Sarmizegetusa and the other Dacian fortresses on the List of World Heritage Sites. The efforts of the County Council of Hunedoara and the Site Administration made the site appear clean, constantly maintained, regardless the season, thus reaching some of the standards that UNESCO sites must comply.Past all these positive things, there are aspects that still require remedy. Among, count the dislodgement of the constructional blocks and elements on certain portions of the fortification walls, the pentagonal tower or the poor state of the Roman baths. To these add the lack of management and administration plans, yet also the lack of drafting and submitting projects for accessing European funds designed for historical monuments.There is obviously still much work to do, and one may not speak of perfect administration or a model of solid administration at Sarmizegetusa Regia. Nevertheless, we are confident that year by year, any dysfunctionality will disappear, the errors and failures will become increasingly few, despite the site complexity, while the gathered experience and efforts of those involved for the good of this monument will multiply.

Activities of Land Settlement Commissions in The South of Ukraine in the Years of Stolypin Agrarian Reform (1906 – 1917)

Author(s): Iryna Mironova,Nataliia Shevchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The article is devoted to one of the important aspects of the Stolypin agrarian reform – the practical activities of land settlement commissions in the field of land surveying in Southern Ukraine in 1906 – 1917. The personnel, tasks and functional responsibilities of members of land settlement commissions are clarified. The main types, volumes and results of land surveying works in the region are determined. It is proved that the practice of boundary works differed in the modernization of technical measures for the elimination of cross-strips, small strips, far-flung land, which led to improved field cultivation, increased agricultural yields and rising land prices. Special attention is paid to land management in the Bulgarian colonies of the region.

Address and Greeting in Romanian and Spanish: A Comparative Analysis from the Perspective of Politeness

Author(s): Angelica Mihailescu / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl 2/2018

The paper proposes a comparative analysis of the forms of address and greeting as part of the verbal politeness models identified both in Spanish and Romanian, in order to determine some similarities and differences between the two cultural models. This analysis reveals the existence of a tripartite system of hierarchical politeness in the Romanian language, whilst in Spanish there is a bipartite system, oriented towards the horizontal axis of interpersonal relationships.

ADVOCATA POPULORUM, CZYLI MATKA LUDZKICH SPRAW W HISTORYCZNEJ INTERPRETACJI

Author(s): Jan Walkusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2018

The past year, 2017, was a time of great anniversaries, reminding us of events that significantly influenced the shape of history, especially the history of the Church. On the one hand, the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther’s speech and the split of Christianity in the West, the 300th anniversary of the creation of Freemasonry and the 100th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, and on the other – a clear revival of the Marian cult after the Council of Trent, the 100th anniversary of the coronation of the image of Our Lady of Częstochowa, the 100th anniversary of the Fatima apparitions, coronations of Marian images in many other sanctuaries and increased pilgrimage. All this proves that it is impossible to understand the history of human community without referring to it Christian interpretation, for in critical and extreme moments God in his mercy shows – mainly through intercession of the Mother of God – the path of conversion and healing relationships both interpersonal and those between Him and a man.

Alan G. Jamieson, Credința prin sabie. Scurtă istorie a conflictului dintre creștini și musulmani, București, Editura Niculescu, 2016, 320 p.

Author(s): Florina Claudia CHIRILĂ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14-15/2018

Albanian Etymological Notes (Balkan Etymologies 146—185)*

Author(s): Vladimir Orel / Language(s): English Issue: 6/1996

All Shades of Gray: The Case of “Vinča Script”

Author(s): Aleksandar Palavestra / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

The problematic term the Vinča script denotes a number of incised ornaments and signs on the surface of the pottery of the Vinča culture – one of the most important “cultures” of the South Eastern European Neolithic. The modes of use and abuse of this phenomenon and the very term the Vinča script have changed through time, eloquently testifying about the paradigm shifts in the European archaeology, at the same time indicating dangerous contaminations of archaeology by pseudo-archaeological ideas. During the 19th and first half of the 20th century, the idea of a script in the Neolithic cultures of South Eastern Europe surfaced occasionally as an argument for the short „historical“ chronology and Near Eastern influences. During the 1980s the idea of the Vinča script emerges again in Serbia, this time from the pseudo-scholar circles, and is massively supported by the media. The Vinča script becomes the central motif of a much larger pseudo-scholar movement. Unfortunately, over the last years the term the Vinča script – falsely represented by the media as a new and equally valid interpretive paradigm – seeps into the general public discourse, and even into archaeology itself.

Alterity and identity: Romanian-Swedish mutual perceptions during The Second World War

Author(s): Andreea Dahlquist / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The geographic distance between Romania and Sweden influenced the creation of mutual imaginary. However, it wasn't until the beginning of the 20th century that inhabitants of the two nations were interested in discovering each other. Therefore, Romanian-Swedish mutual impressions were mostly based on the accounts of tourists who had visited both nations. During the interwar era, direct contact between Romanians and Swedes was infrequent. The news about Romania was disseminated by the Swedish press, which played a significant part in the formation of hostile sentiments. On the other side, the Romanian diplomats who ran the Stockholm-based Legation had nothing but admiration for Swedish society. During the Second World War, the situation improved as more Romanian and Swedish intellectuals traveled to Scandinavia and the Balkans. However, these interactions did not alter how Romanians and Swedes viewed one another.

Alternativna istorija – tradicionalni identitet

Author(s): Jelena Lalatović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 86.32/2016