An Investigation of Official Corruption in Ottoman Egypt: Processes and Documents of Ottoman Administration

Author(s): Linda Darling / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

The investigation in question is recorded in a series of thirty-eight register entries on a case of financial malfeasance in recently-conquered Ottoman Egypt that was investigated by officials from Ottoman Syria. This case appears in the oldest existing mühimme defteri, a register of important affairs of the Ottoman Empire, and provides detailed information about how the Ottomans governed their provinces. It lists many of the taxes and revenues collected by the Ottomans and discusses the most important treasury personnel in the province and the documents they created. It also describes how the Ottoman state worked to control those personnel even at a distance and to induce these officials to adhere to concepts of just imperial rule. The article describes the issues in the case and identifies the provincial officials involved in the investigation, the documents they were supposed to collect or create, and the procedures they were commanded to follow. The conclusion examines the implications of the case for our understanding of the place of Syria and Egypt within the wider Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century. This episode presents an instance of the Ottoman integration of newly conquered lands in a period when records are fairly plentiful (in contrast to the conquest of Rumeli, where most of our evidence comes from chronicles written at a later date). Beyond that, this case illuminates the whole issue of how an empire operates and challenges the stereotype of general Ottoman oppression of the conquered territories.

Andrzej Malinowski. Kwestia macedoriska w Bulgarii w latach 1878-1918. Toruri, 2006, 254 с. Македонският въпрос в България в годините 1878-1918 Торун, 2006, 254 с

Author(s): Ivan Kochev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2006

Annäherungen an eine Unsichtbare Vergangenheit: Ethnoarchäologische Forschungen zu den Salzwasserquellen der Moldauischen Vorkarpaten (Rumänien)

Author(s): Marius Alexianu,Olivier Weller,Robin Brigand,Roxana-Gabriela Curcă / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2014

The sub-Carpathian area of Moldavia (Romania) represents the ideal framework to perform extensive ethno-archaeological research as the area harbours over 200 salt springs near which are found remarkable archaeological deposits related to salt exploitation, in particular from Neolithic and Chalcolithic times (6000-3500 BC). Nowadays, these mineral springs are still exploited at an unexpected degree of intensity by members of rural as well as of urban communities. The main research focuses on the identification of all salt springs in sub-Carpathian Moldavia and on the completion of complex ethno-archaeological research (exploitation, uses, distribution networks, trade, social contexts, symbolism, etc.) in order to propose new and more varied models for explaining prehistoric situations.

Anotácie

Author(s): Martin Pekár,Lucia Tokárová,Nikoleta Lattová,Mikuláš Jančura / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2016

HOŘEJŠ, MILOŠ – KŘÍŽEK, JIŘÍ. ZÁMEK S VŮNÍ BENZÍNU : AUTOMOBILY A ŠLECHTA V ČESKÝCH ZEMÍCH DO ROKU 1945; OTČENÁŠOVÁ, SLÁVKA – ZAHORÁN, CSABA (EDS.). SHIFTING DISCOURSES ON CENTRAL EUROPEAN HISTORIES; SOUKUPOVÁ, BLANKA – STAWARZ, ANDRZEJ (EDS.). MÝTUS – „REALITA“ – IDENTITA : NÁRODNÍ METROPOLE V ČASE „NÁVRATU DO EVR OPY“; SPURNÝ, MATĚJ. MOST DO BUDOUCNOSTI : LABORATOŘ SOCIALISTICKÉ MODERNITY NA SEVERU ČECH;

Anthropology of fear. Ukrainian massacres of the Polish population in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, 1943‑1944

Author(s): Ernest Komoński / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

The Polish population of Volhynia and Eastern Galicia was gripped by fear of ethnic cleansing at the hands of Ukrainian nationalists in the years 1943‑1944. This fear varied in form and intensity depending on the perceived aims which ranged from their physical extermination to simple eviction. This article attempts to analyse the fundamental determinants of Polish defensive actions in response to those fears.

Antimus, Bishop of Vratsa and Lovech and Metropolitan of Belgrade

Author(s): Nedeljko Radosavljević / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2017

This paper presents the biography of Antimus, bishop of Vratsa and later bishop of Lovech, who became the Metropolitan of Belgrade in 1827. After the establishment of the Principality of Serbia in 1831 he moved to the Kingdom of Greece. This article explains his background, and describes advancing through church structures of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Attention is also focused on his appointment to be metropolitan of Belgrade, his arrival in Belgrade and working in the new environment. The strengthen Serbian national government and more open practice of the Orthodox faith created specific circumstances for his spiritual mission that are highlighted. His relationship with Prince Miloš Obrenović, which was much better than in the case of his predecessor, is also pointed out. The data on the last months he spent in the Principality of Serbia are presented. Terms and time of his departure to the Kingdom of Greece, where he spent the rest of his life, are also known.

Anton Bezenšek and Bulgaria: the Slovenian Who Bridged Two Slavic Cultures

Author(s): Ivayilo Nachev / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

The Slovenian stenographer and publicist Anton Bezenšek is a comparatively unknown figure to the wider public in Bulgaria, which became his second homeland a century ago. At the same time the person, who in fact introduced the shorthand writing in Bulgaria, remains a widely renowned figure among stenographers. The article outlines the major contributions he made not only as a professional stenographer, who became a pioneer in teaching people a completely new skill, but also as a public figure that left traces in various fields of Bulgarian public life during the first few decades after the Liberation. It also analyses his heritage as part of the dialogue between two close cultures such as the Bulgarian and the Slovenian one.

Anuarul Muzeului Naţional al Literaturii Române laşi

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

Arta din România.

Din preistorie în contemporaneitate.

Author(s): Răzvan Theodorescu,Marius Porumb / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 3/2019

ASCLEPIUS WITH EGG “TYPE NEA PAPHOS-ALEXANDRIA-TRIER”: NEW DATA AND SOME NEW REFLECTIONS

Author(s): Vito Mazzuca / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

G. Grimm first identified a new iconography of Asclepius, the so-called Nea Paphos-Alexandria-Trier, in 1989. He recognized the small city of Abonoteichus in Paphlagonia as the place from which, during second half of the 2nd century A.D., this type had spread. In the mid '90s, F. Sirano examined this little-known iconography, making an important contribution by updating the catalogue of these sculptures, suggesting that the archetype was the cult statue that stood in the Asklepieion of Cos during the 2nd century A.D. Now, after many years, we need to update the catalogue of copies representing the type Nea Paphos: seven new sculptures can now be added to those compiled by Grimm and Sirano, and consequently this topic requires new consideration.

Asimilace: kritika jednoho pojmu

Výklady dějin Židů v českých zemích a v Polsku po druhé světové válce

Author(s): Kateřina Čapková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2019

The article was originally published in English under the title “Beyond the Assimilationist Narrative: Historiography on the Jews of the Bohemian Lands and Poland after the Second World War” in the Polish journal Studia Judaica, Vol. 19, No. 1 (37) (2016), pp. 129–155. The authoress compares the historiographies of the post war history of Jews in the Czech Lands and Poland, analyzing not only differences between, but above all similarities in paradigms of interpretations of the Jewish experience in these two regions. She first compares the institutional base, contents, and quantity of research of Jewish history in the Communist and post-Communist Czechoslovakia and Poland, drawing a conclusion that while dozens of publicationson the post-war experience of Polis Jews were written in Poland in the 1980s and particularly in the 1990s, writing about the modern Jewish history (save for a few works on Theresienstadt) had been unacceptable in Czechoslovakia until the political changes in 1989, and even then the interest of Czech historians in the post-war life of Czech Jews (unlike that in their tragic fate during the war) did not show any substantial increase. At the same time, the authoress claims that it generally holds true (and not only for the Polish and Czech/Czechoslovak historiographies) that while the notion of assimilation has been broadly criticized and questioned with respect to the older period of the Jewish history, it still dominates in works dealing with the time after the 2nd World War. This means, in fact, that the post-war existence and experience of religious-minded Czech and Polish Jews has been either denied, or marginalized, and that the history of Jews, who are often perceived as a monolithic social group, has been misleadingly interpreted as a story of linear assimilation. To a substantial extent, the interpretation is a result of the unacceptable generalization/extrapolation of the situation in the center (Prague, Warsaw) to that in outlying regions. It must be noted that roughly a half of the post-war Jewish population in the Czech Lands were immigrant who had lived in Carpathian Ruthenia or eastern Slovakia before the war and who were forming up new communities based on different traditions; similarly, almost a half of the post-war Jewish population in Poland were living in Lower Silesia where they had been repatriated from the Soviet Union. Compared to the assimilation narrative burdened with nationalism and conforming to the official interpretation of the Communist era, the authoress offers alternatives respecting the complexity and plurality of the human society.

Aspects de l’image de la Thrace dans le discours religieux de l’Antiquité

Author(s): Mina Tasseva Bencheva / Language(s): English,French / Issue: 24/2019

The sacred discourses (hieroi logoi) are a group of ancient texts that existed in some philosophical and religious movements such as Pythagoreanism, Orphism, the cult of Dionysus and the goddess Isis. Due to their secret content, much of these discourses is now lost or known only partially, by accounts of various Greek authors such as Herodotus, Pausanias and Plutarch. Excerpts of these works can therefore be regarded as testimonia to various details on the content, authorship and transmission of these discourses. According to some of these testimonia, Orpheus and Thrace were involved in the composing and transmission of some of the most ancient hieroi logoi. The paper intends to explore aspects of the image of Thrace and its role in religious communication based on these testimonia. After a brief introduction, it will focus on the narratives related to the region. According to a tradition related by Iamblichus and Proclus, Orpheus was the author of a sacred discourse that was thereafter transmitted to the Greeks. Both the creation and the transmission took place in specific locations in Thrace. The analysis of that tradition, along with the locations and the techniques of transmission it refers to, suggest that these locations were associated with a special kind of religious knowledge, hence their mention played a significant role in the narrative and in conveying its message.

Aspects of 1918 from the Journal of a Theologian

Author(s): Ioana Mihaela Bonda / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl 2/2018

The Great Union of 1918 has sparked over time the interest of many specialists. approached from various perspectives, the topic is always current, and new sources are added to it. In the vast process of the exhaustive reconstruction of the event, which marked the establishment of Great Romania, the memoirs and journals of the participants constitute an important historiographical source. Starting from these premises, the present paper aims to highlight the manner in which was perceived, against the backdrop of a high expectations horizon, the Union of 1918 by the Fãgãraş vicar forane, Iacob Popa (1872-1937).

ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC TRANSITION ILLUSTRATED BY EXAMPLES FROM SLOVENIA, SERBIA AND CROATIA

Author(s): Aleksander Lorenčič / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

At the symbolic level, the fall of the Berlin Wall marked the beginning of the economic transition, a process that involved over 30 countries. Although all these countries worked to overcome the transformational crisis as smoothly as possible, some were more successful than others. In addition to the baseline conditions, the transition from the transformational recession to further economic development was influenced by a number of other factors. This paper presents the mentioned factors in detail by using the examples of former “brotherly” Yugoslav republics of Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia.

Aspects of the Royal Hestia. I. Hestia and the Idea of Autochthonicity

Author(s): Ivan Marazov / Language(s): English / Issue: 0/1990

Austerlitz, 1805. december 2.

A három császár csatája – magyar szemmel

Author(s): József Zachar / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

Az első világháború keletkezése új megközelítésben

Author(s): Richard John Evans / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

The centenary year 2014 yielded a huge number of books on the causes of World War I, ranging from broad panoramas of the preceding decades to detailed investigation of international relations in the weeks after Sarajevo. This contribution draws briefly on some of the more rigorous and ambitious of the new English-language work, to set it in the context of existing historiography on the subject. It finds current analysis to have reverted to many of the conclusions drawn by those assessing the issues during the 1920s and 1930s, which culminated in the magisterial treatment by Luigi Albertini. Structuralist interpretations, and the thesis of well-nigh exclusive German war guilt, associated most famously with the writings of Fritz Fischer, have given way again to a stress on the personal and all-round responsibility of those who determined the foreign-policy decision-making of the great powers in mid-1914. This is especially clear in reappraisal of the key role of Austria-Hungary in that process.

Az első világháború következményei a kelet-közép-európai kisállamok geopolitikai sorsában

Author(s): Imre Garaczi / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

From the beginning of the 19th century, the newly emerging nationalistic sentiments characteristically took the guise of some ideology (other than nationalism). People belonging to small ethnic groups felt their authentic national existence threatened by the frequent recurrence of dynastic hegemonies on the one hand, and the interests of neighbouring nations on the other. At the same time, nationalism provided fuel for courage to face the future and possibly build a more fortunate and more modern society. Nationalistic sentiments were in the beginning tied to various other ideologies but from the start of the 20th century they became ideologies in their own right. This phenomenon continued to exist in Eastern Europe after World War II, even under Soviet dominance. In my paper I examine mental factors in the region and their effects on the situation that emerged throughout the 20th century.

Az emberi testtől az óraműig

Az állam metaforái és formaváltozásai a nyugati keresztény kultúrkörben 1300–1800

Author(s): Endre Sashalmi / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 2015

The use of metaphors for the state is closely related to the problem already expounded by Kant, namely that the state is beyond the organs of human perception, therefore, it can only be imagined symbolically. Indeed, as Michael Walzer plausibly stated, the state cannot be perceived physically by the subjects/citizens as it cannot be seen or touched: “The state is invisible; it must be personified before it can be seen, symbolized before it can be loved, imagined before it can be conceived.” Our everyday phrases used with regard to the state clearly confirm his statement. We routinely speak of the organs of the state, or the operation of the machinery of the state without being aware of the fact that in the first case the state is conceived as a living organism, while in the latter we treat it an artificial creature. This phenomenon is none other than the living imprint of those successive metaphors in our language which once were used to imagine the state in the medieval and the early modern period. The other main topic of the book is the survey on the historical development of the state, presenting the specific features of the successive phases of its development through examples taken mainly from the history of Western European countries. Besides concentrating on the classical monarchies of Western Europe, the survey lays a great emphasis on territories which are generally much less known, namely the Scandinavian region. One of the main reasons for its inclusion into the analysis is the fact that in the 17th -18th centuries Denmark was the country in Europe which can be labelled as the model of absolute monarchy.

Az identitás régészetének elméleti alapjai

Author(s): István Koncz,Márton Szilágyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2017

This study offers a brief review of the main research directions and issues in the archaeology of identity. Discussed here are the components of identity – meaning the statuses and roles that determine the individual’s relation to, and membership in, a community as well as to other individuals, which are essentially the elements of social cohesion and social organisation – and its formation as well as the various options for categorisation and the modes of display through cultural memory and material culture