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Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na działania CSR podejmowane przez przedsiębiorstwa

Author(s): Angelika Czajkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to show that during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, enterprises took action in the field of corporate social responsibility. Research Design & Methods: The data used in this research was collected by analysing the content of posts published on brand profiles on Facebook from March to May 2020 and analysing the data. Findings: The unexpected pandemic required organisations to take specific measures related to corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this article, the author emphasises the importance of Facebook in brand communication with recipients and classifies CSR activities carried out by enterprises operating in various industries that jointly pursued one goal – counteracting the effects of the pandemic. These were such activities as donating funds and basic products, supporting the social campaign #zostanwdomu, producing protective masks, creating new products to support the fight against the pandemic and taking additional preventive actions. Enterprises informed recipients about the initiatives they were taking by publishing posts on their Facebook profiles. Implications / Recommendations: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected both the economic activity of many countries and the daily functioning of society, which limited contact among people and increased communications via digital channels such as social media. The changes resulting from the pandemic also make an essential contribution to the development of CSR by presenting how unforeseen circumstances may compel organisations to take specific measures to create a positive image and support society. Contribution: The presentation of research on the CSR measures taken by enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a new phenomenon, the COVID-19 pandemic requires wider analysis. This paper helps reduce the cognitive gap.

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Romanian Canadiana

Author(s): Rodica Albu,Cristina Petraş / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

The rise of Canadian Studies in Romania, particularly in the academia, as well as their recent (relative) decline, is presented with emphasis on the last twenty-five years. Individual interest and enthusiasm as well as the foundation of CEACS contributed to the Canadian Studies “boom” in 2000-2012, when Canadian Studies Centers were founded in several important Romanian universities, the number of Canadian Studies classes at BA and MA levels increased, large research projects were completed, PhD theses were initiated and quite a few defended.

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Positive Election Campaign in the Gap between Theory and Practice

Author(s): Katia Mihailova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper presents research on the correspondence of the theoretical definition and the practical understanding and application by Bulgarian candidates for political posts in the elections hold in 2014-2019 of the concept “positive election campaign”. The questions are: does the meaning that the candidates attach to the term “positive campaign” correspond to its scientifically determined theoretical definition and how do the concept and its application correlate? The hypothesis states that (1) the phrase “positive campaign” is a key statement in the rhetoric of candidates; (2) the more conquered a country turns out to be, the more often the candidates for power build their pre-election political statements on the concept; (3) most often the election candidates mean a campaign with no compromising materials or hate speech, held in a spirit of good tone and ethics, promising more effective governance and a better future when they use the concept “positive campaign”; (4) the theoretical definition of the concept needs to be further developed and conceptualized within the paradigm of positivism. The hypotheses are tested by a media monitoring which identified 130 media publications covering candidates’ statements with the phrase “positive campaign” and content analyses.

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Медиите: между свободата и технологиите

Author(s): Simeon Vassilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The Internet and social networks have become a shelter for the media, as paper once was for books and newspapers; today, satellites provide radio and television with endless possibilities for distribution. Digitalization is the new means of information and, perhaps, though we have not yet understood this, the modern instrument of knowledge and culture. The new space-time continuum of the media could not exist without values such as freedom of speech and human rights. Human experience of the media – ranging from the "Gutenberg galaxy" to the "universe of the Internet" – teaches us that these values are not given once and for all, even though everything has become digital and multimediatic.

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Мишел Фуко, паресията и моралната истина

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article explores Michel Foucault's ideas on the phenomenon of parrhesiа and its role in telling and defending the truth. An attempt is made to show that, according to Foucault, sincere speech, as an expression of subjective truth, is a kind of moral position with regard to the truth, without which communication, or the full exercise of power in society, would be impossible. This also applies to the modern communication situation, in which the various procedures for establishing the truth or authenticity of the facts should not be absolute and should not replace the free choice and moral position in the professional morality of mass communication specialists.

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Четвъртата власт става ли първа?

Author(s): Ani Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

With the development of public relations and technology, the question arises more and more often whether the media, which provide the most dynamic opportunity for communication between state bodies and citizens, have not replaced the formally established three authorities that form the basis of any democratic society. The metaphor “Fourth Estate” most clearly shows the need for independent control, on behalf of the public, over the other three powers – the judicial, legislative and executive. Thus, it is important to note that information campaigns designed to manipulate public opinion with false or misleading social media posts have become a standard political practice.The media are called upon to be an objective corrective and an expression of the public interest, even if this may bring about political change. An emblematic example of this is the research and revelations of two Washington Post journalists (Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein), who provoked the Watergate scandal and led to US President Nixon's resignation in 1974.Today, the Fourth Estate has more power than ever to be a mediator possessing access to the authorities and the people it must serve. An example of this are the recent US presidential elections. But the Fourth Estate is also an indicator of truth in today's digital society, where news spreads in seconds and the social media raise the question as to whether it is possible to control information without affecting its truthfulness and reliability. The question is, are the media and technological giants not actually the new rulers and the foremost power ?!

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Stakeholder Collaboration in Audience Research: from Why to How

Author(s): David Mathieu,Kim Christian Schrøder,Göran Bolin,Pille Runnel,Pille Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt,Alessandro Nani,Vivi THEODOROPOULOU / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2020

Stakeholders are a defining aspect of audience and media studies because the field consists of different, sometimes opposing, stakes and these are reflected in the way research is executed. Arguably I – like so many others from the field of audience research – insert my work within a critical tradition in which the interests of the audience, rather than the interests of media, are privileged. Audience research is indeed often conceived as a representation of the interests of media audiences (Das et al. 2018) and implemented methodologically by voicing the audience subjective experiences and perspectives (Livingstone 2010). In such a constellation, the engagement of scholars with stakeholders in order to produce audience and media research has been heavily debated. Precisely because this debate keeps coming back, we may be inclined to think that stakeholder collaboration is hard to ignore for the development of audience research.

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Meaning, Discourse, Text and Translation.

Author(s): Paulina Kłos-Czerwińska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

An article deals with the issue of language and its main concepts of meaning, discourse, text and translation. It is assumed as the recapitulation of these main concepts and is intended to present these terms as necessary for the understanding of modern branches of linguistics and philosophy, such as e.g. transhumanism. The problem of language is treated here as an integral part of the discussion on conscious being and as a precondition of an understanding of its nature. The author finds, in contrast to some modern currents in linguistics, that the issue of language still constitutes the irreplaceable element of the consideration of the nature of the individual and its relation with the outside world.

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O otwartości metafory

Author(s): Bartłomiej Maliszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Artykuł dotyczy otwartości metafory ujmowanej z trzech perspektyw: nadawczej (otwartość metafory jako możliwość kreowania nowych znaczeń i gier semantycznych), odbiorczej (otwartość metafory jako możliwość dokonywania mniej lub bardziej rozległych interpretacji) oraz badawczej (otwartość metafory jako nieostrość granic między znaczeniem dosłownym i przenośnym oraz coraz szerszy sposób ujmowania samego zjawiska metafory). //The paper discusses the openness of metaphor seen from three perspectives: from the addresser’s perspective (the openness of metaphor as the possibility of creating new meanings and semantic games), the addressee’s perspective (the openness of metaphor as the possibility of making more or less extensive interpretations) and the researcher’s perspective (the openness of metaphor as the fuzziness of the borders between the literal and figurative meanings and the more and more extended manner of capturing the phenomenon of metaphor itself).

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O założeniach i postulatach lingwistyki kulturowej (na przykładzie definicji PRACY)

Author(s): Jerzy Bartmiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Artykuł składa się z czterech części. W pierwszej autor przypomina początki formowania się lingwistyki kulturowej w Polsce, związane z wrocławskim programem badań nad polską kulturą narodową, utworzeniem konwersatorium „Język a Kultura” (też serii wydawniczej pod takim tytułem) i lubelskiego rocznika „Etnolingwistyka” w roku 1988. W drugiej podaje przykłady traktowania faktów językowych w perspektywie kulturowej, eksponując rolę słownictwa jako zwierciadła kultury. W trzeciej przedstawia 7-punktowe instrumentarium pojęciowe wypracowane w ramach lubelskiej etnolingwistyki kognitywnej (językowy obraz świata, stereotypy traktowane jako koncepty kulturowe, definicja kognitywna, punkt widzenia i perspektywa interpretacyjna; profilowanie bazowych wyobrażeń; wartości; podmiot doświadczający, konceptualizujący i werbalizujący). Na koniec na przykładzie jednego konceptu PRACA pokazane zostają efekty analizy z zastosowaniem przedstawionego tego instrumentarium pojęciowego. // The study consists of four parts. The first part is devoted to the beginnings of cultural linguistics in Poland, connected with the Wrocław-based programme for research on Polish national culture, the emergence of the “Language and Culture” research network (and a publication series with the same title), and the launch of the Lublin-based journal “Etnolingwistyka” in 1988. The second part contains examples of linguistic facts being viewed in cultural perspective, with a special role of the lexicon as the “mirror of culture”. Part three presents a repertoire of seven conceptual constructs proposed in Lublin cognitive ethnolinguistics (linguistic worldview, stereotypes as cultural concepts, cognitive definition, viewpoint and interpretive perspective, profiling of base images, values, and the experiencing, conceptualizing, and speaking subject). Finally, the fourth part illustrates the application of this theoretical framework in an analysis of the Polish cultural concept of PRACA ‘work’.

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Author(s): Grzegorz Cebrat / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The development of the Internet has led to the emergence of new digital genres, also known as cybergenres or web genres. The existing research into diverse web pages has revealed that the new medium not only generated changes in traditional genres (reproduced or adapted) but also created a number of novel genres. The creation, development and nature of spontaneous genres are connected with the evolution of the web since they have no counterparts in traditional media. The present study deals with one of them: it concentrates on the genre analysis of a small set of 35 web pages representing the 404 error message genre, which are automatically generated to indicate that a server cannot find the page requested by a web user who follows a dead or broken link. The paper presents the origins of the genre in question, its structure, content and communicative purposes. The research has been carried out by means of the methodology of genre analysis proposed by John Swales (1990). Four moves that express the communicative purposes of 404 error have been identified and the commonest rhetoric choices have been analyzed. Additionally, the paper presents a selection of unusual, ingenious or funny 404 error pages.

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Пojaм секуларности — историјски, правни и аксиолошко-етимолошки аспекти

Author(s): Vasilije Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2020

Discussions about the meaning of the term secularity are of the key importance for understanding the relationship between religion and state authorities, on the one hand, and an individual’s freedom of religion, on the other. What can post-secularism bring to civil society and pluralism, and what is the relationship between the universalist civic and the particular cultural (and religious) pattern within it? Does secularism mean the inevitable and hermetic separation between the state and the church, society and religion or do other legal modalities exist within that same secularity and which are they? Where is in that plurality of relations of the “post-secular” Serbian society at the moment and where should be? In addition to presenting all the differences of European modalities, the author points out that it is necessary to further insist on the nuances of the concept of secularity in our society, since, as currently perceived by the some parts of public, it is quite one-sided and incompatible with European cultural and pluralistic achievements as well as with what is written in the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia and the Law on Churches and Religious Communities.

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Специфичният възход на българските интернет мрежи. Технологии, пазари и логиката на онлайн пиратството

Author(s): Svetlomir Zdravkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The analysis is set within the broader field of Internet sociology and focuses on the overlap between the economic, social, and technological structures. It looks into the processes behind the historical rise and transformation of the Internet infrastructure and the market of internet service providers in Bulgaria (1990-2000). It uses the Actor-Network theory and methodology, specifically M. Callon’s Theory of translation, to explore the intermingling between online piracy and the construction of a technological infrastructure for the telecommunication market. The main idea of the research is that the widespread piracy among domestic users structures and determines the direction for the particular technological trajectory that Bulgaria took. The text shows how piracy emerges during market competition and the post-socialist breakdown of the old institutional ties between the numerous economic actors that build an alternative market for access to pirated internet content. The outcome from this is a local infrastructure adapted to the transfer of large amounts of data that peer-to-peer users (p2p) share with each other. Different types of strategies by consumers are differentiated between, as well as the ways they affect the technological transfer and their link to the economic actors/stakeholders/parties that implement the new technologies. For the purpose of the analysis, data has been collected from online discussion forums, where the demand and the supply side meet.

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„Европейски“ vs. „традиционни“ ценности в българските медии

Author(s): Ralitsa Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2021

The study presented deals with the issue of the media representation of the concepts of „European values“ and „traditional Bulgarian values“ during the European election campaign in 2019. The results show that a broad misrepresentation of the European values prevails in the political discourse, based on which they are opposed to the Bulgarian values. As a result, a negative attitude towards the EU is constructed.

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Ценностите във войната за мир

Author(s): Nadelina Aneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2021

The article examines the political discourse of Wilson’s Peace in the „Bulgarian Times”, as „Mir” newspaper is called. The method of content analysis was used, and the period under study is from the signing of the armistice in 1918 to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. If Wilson’s peace is a „semiotic figure“ by Lotman’s definition, the question arises why he failed to translate it into comprehensible language of the negotiating table its draft post-war order. One of the problems I find on the pages of the “Mir” newspaper is the lack of deciphering codes, as Europe and America meant war and peace in different ways. For Wilson, as well as for the Mir newspaper, there is a good war and a good peace. The Bulgarian tragedy by Neuilly led to a discrepancy in the meanings of words that are of different order – words from the old and words from the new world order.

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Šejh Google kao Hafiz el-asr: internet, tradicionalna ulema i samoučenje

Author(s): Emad Hamdeh / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2020

More than any other period, the last hundred years have witnessed a rise in the accessibility of information through books, media, and the internet. This introduced new ways of learning and sharing Islamic knowledge. In this article, I consider how traditional Islamic knowledge and pedagogical techniques are challenged by the growing number of lay Muslims participating in religious discussions through print and the internet. I explain why the ʿulamā’ perceive self-learning as a threat not only to the ostensibly proper understanding of religion but also to the redefinition and reinvention of their authority. I observe how print and digital media caused a shift away from the necessity of the teacher and facilitated autodidactic learning and claims to authority. Despite their criticism of self-learning, Traditionalists have embraced the internet in order to remain relevant and to compete with non-experts.

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“Horns Up!”

Author(s): Adam Nowakowski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The horned hand is a gesture completed by extending the forefinger and little finger, while holding the middle two fingers down with the thumb. In years past it has been a subject of many discussions, held by researchers working in various fields of science. However, to the best of my knowledge, the role it plays in nonverbal communication between members of the metal subculture still remains a rather uncharted area. This article is an attempt to shed some light on this topic. It presents a definition of an emblematic gesture, based on the works of David Efron, Paul Ekman, William Friesen and Lluís Payrató. It also gives an account of the semiotic diversity of the horned hand (depending on a culture, the gesture can communicate very different messages, ranging from insults and threats to protection from evil). It was established,based on numerous discussions with the so-called metal heads, that they are able to convey five different meanings using the gesture: 1) indicate affiliation with heavy metal music and/or subculture, 2) display identity and/or community, 3) greet each other, 4) bid each other farewell, 5) display appreciation/respect. Research survey showed that more than 70% of respondents, who consider themselves knowledgeable about the metal subculture, were able to derive a message matching exactly or almost exactly the message intended by the encoder,which allows to declare the emblematic status of the horned hand. However, subjects not familiar with the subculture were much less successful with this task. This shows that gesture’s emblematic status is restricted to members of the metalhead community.

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W poszukiwaniu terminologii językoznawczej:

Author(s): Przemysław Łozowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1&2/2016

Zakładamy, że terminologia naukowa powinna odzwierciedlać „ducha czasu”, tj. panującąaurę intelektualną. Tę obecną określamy jako postmodernistyczną i identyfikujemy zposzukiwaniami subiektywności osadzonych w i motywowanych przez kontekstdoświadczeniowy człowieka. Stwierdzamy, że terminologia autonomicznych koncepcji językarozmija się z obecnym „duchem czasu”, a terminologia propozycji integracyjnych nie jestdostatecznie konsekwentna i przejrzysta. // In the article, we claim that scientific terminology should keep abreast of the times it serves.We identify the current intellectual climate as post-modernistic in the sense that general principles cannot be evaluated out of the spatiotemporal context in which they were initially proposed. Against that background, the terminology of autonomous linguistics must be said tobe no match for the present spirit of the times, while the terminology of non-autonomous linguistics lacks at times precision and common sense.

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Mit aktu mowy jako kategorii organizacji analizy pragmatycznej

Author(s): Piotr Cap / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1&2/2016

W tym krótkim artykule sygnalizuję ograniczenia teorii aktów mowy postrzeganej jakoelement porządkujący analizy pragmatycznej. Przyznając, że pojęcie aktu mowy pomaga wusystematyzowaniu i uogólnieniu analizy na poziomie danego, pojedynczego wypowiedzenia,wskazuję, że potencjał ów jest znacznie mniejszy na poziomie dyskursu. Powodem tego jestwzględność pojęcia intencji wyrażanej aktem mowy, która rośnie wraz z każdym kolejnym,coraz wyższym szczeblem. // In this short article I point to the limitations of the theory of speech acts, perceived as the controlling element of pragmatic analysis. While admitting that the concept of speech act helps systematize and generalize the analysis at the level of a given, individual utterance, I indicate that such a potential is considerably weaker at the level of discourse. The reason for such a discrepancy is the relativity of the concept of intention expressed by speech act, which grows as the analysis moves upwards.

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“Girding up the Loins”: A Cognitive Sematic Analysis of Humorous Expressions

Author(s): Zoltán Kövecses / Language(s): English Issue: 1&2/2016

A large number of humorous linguistic expressions in English (and also in other languages)are characterized by such cognitive processes as metonymy, metaphor, and conceptualintegration, or blending. However, these figurative devices are neither sufficient nor necessaryfor humorous effects. Following other researchers, I suggest that in order to account forhumorous expressions we need the notion of conceptual incongruity, or incompatibility insideor between frames of knowledge. In the paper I will take stock of some of the commonlyoccurring types of incongruity, or incompatibility, in my data of humorous expressions. I willaccount for the existence of a large number of metonymy-, metaphor-, and blending-basedhumorous expressions by proposing that these figurative devices create or facilitate thecreation of incongruities. The analyses of a number of humorous expressions will make itpossible to suggest a rough and sketchy cognitive linguistic account of the humorous effect ofthese expressions.

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