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This article focuses on the influence of investigative journalism on the system of government, and, in particular, on the functioning and break-up of cabinet coalitions in Poland after 1989. It focuses on the parliamentary-cabinet form of government. The source of conflicts which led to the loss of the necessary trust or accelerated the fall of the government were often crises caused by the work of investigative journalists, in which they disclosed facts uncomfortable for members of the Council of Ministers, related to them either directly, through their own reprehensible activities, or indirectly, through the activities of their closest associates. The aim of this article is to show that the unmasking of scandals involving members of the government, their associates or politicians and officials from their political base is a catalyst that can generate cabinet crises, including the collapse of the government. Analyses show the impact of scandals revealed during the term of office of four governments, that of Waldemar Pawlak, Leszek Miller, Jarosław Kaczyński and Donald Tusk.
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The purpose underlying this paper is to find out what purposes/functions people from a diverse background assess to be more important and central to human interpersonal communication. A list of 17 possible purposes and functions of interpersonal communication was derived from a literature review and used in a survey study. The questionnaire was filled out by 313 participants (international students being in Sweden) from diverse cultural backgrounds. The findings from this study suggest that the participants acknowledge very central aspects of human life to be the reason for communicating. The most agreed upon reasons why we communicate is to share and enhance enjoyment (share positive emotions) and to create and strengthen social bonds (manage relationships).
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Scholarly research into journalists as a subject of study is increasing. Through this, scholars found there is no consensus among journalists about journalistic practice. This is because journalistic roles are discursively recreated, reinterpreted, appropriated, and contested. The coverage of the EU referendum in the UK provides an opportunity to further explore journalistic roles through a focus group of EU and diaspora journalists and academics. The study reveals that participants were critical of the roles played by the British press in the coverage of the referendum and that they were concerned about its effects on their physical and emotional well-being. Hence, they urge media organisations to offer support and training to redress these concerns. In conclusion, the study provides an in-depth and intense probing of journalistic roles and their effects in relation to the coverage of the EU referendum.
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Both the United Kingdom and Hungary run ambitious nuclear power plans to keep nuclear power as an important element of their energy mixes. The objective of the analysis is to identify if there is the intent and the possibility for a different form of public engagement in shaping the nuclear future. The study builds on the comparative analysis of the cases of Hungary and the United Kingdom. The ‘communication packages’ theory serves as reference of comparison. The study finds that changing social value sets and communication technology developments create challenges to governments in securing support for the nuclear agenda. This challenge creates an opportunity for members of the public with ‘reluctant acceptance’ of the nuclear agenda. Building on global uncertainty, challenges to the prevailing political and economic status quo, together with the growing influence of social media might assist the public to become vocal in their opinions about nuclear energy.
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The aim of the study was to analyze the press coverage of sports published in the largest Polish daily newspaper, Gazeta Wyborcza, in terms of gender inequality. The content (both qualitative and quantitative) analysis method was used. In the study, the number of articles on women and men was examined, with the qualitative sections consisting of an analysis of gender stereotypes appearing in these articles. The results demonstrated the underrepresentation of women in the examined sports press coverage. The qualitative analysis showed that articles dealing with women’s sports included gender stereotypes. The articles focused on the physical appearance of women or on their non-sports lives. Infantilizing and marginalizing comments were also present. The study revealed the gender-dependent nature of the press coverage of sports in Poland.
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Book-Review: Jacek Nożewski ‒ Dan Schill, Rita Kirk, Amy E. Jasperson (eds.) (2017). Political Communication in Real Time. Theoretical and Applied Research Approaches. New York Routledge, pp. 282, ISBN 978-1-138-94941-6.
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Book-Review: Péter Kasztev ‒ Péter Bajomi-Lázár (ed.) (2017). Media in Third-Wave Democracies. Southern and Central/Eastern Europe in a Comparative Perspective. Paris, Budapest: L’Harmattan Publishing House, pp. 238, ISBN: 978-2-343-13011-8.
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This article focuses on rhetorical continuity and shifts in the use of the genre of American war rhetoric. Drawing on Lloyd Bitzer’s understanding of the rhetorical situation, the article analyses the political circumstances in which George H. W. Bush in 1991 and George W. Bush in 2002 constructed and delivered their messages. It then examines and compares the addresses for particular typologies of war rhetoric as defined by Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson and by Edward J. Lordan. With the rhetorical elements identified, the article discusses the implications of the adherence to and departures from the genre’s criteria for presidential war discourse.
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Book-Review: D.S. Novatorova ‒ Daphne Skillen (2017). Freedom of Speech in Russia: politics and media from Gorbachev to Putin. New York: Routledge, pp. 363.
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The first industrial revolution, the Industry 1.0, with the discovery of steam and the use of machines, was realized by switching from agricultural economy at the end of the century 18. The Industry 2.0 is believed to have started with the Fordist production system, where Henry Ford adopted mass production for car assembly. Although this period is the beginning of mass production, it covers the period until the end of 1960s. The Industry 3.0 has shown itself with developments in electronic and information Technologies since the beginning of the 1970s. In this era, machines using digital technology was replaced with the ones using mechanical and electronic technology in production. Computer and internet have developed rapidly thanks to digital technology and the use of information processing, communication and micro-electronic techniques has become widespread. In 2011, the Industry 4.0 was expressed for the first time at Hannover Fair. Experts attending this fair stated that the modern face of the IT age has brought a whole new dimension to the production processes and that a new industrial revolution was taking place. The technological factors of the industry that will shape the industrial production of the future includes three-dimensional (3D) printers, the Internet of objects, -smart factories, cyber-physical systems, big data, autonomous robots, simulation, system integration, cloud computing and increased facts are grouped under ten groups.The Industry 4.0 that brings information and production technologies together defines a period in communication of devices and machines with each other and to be able to exchange data. Call centers are considered as one of the services that was emerged as a result of the expansion of outsourcing in the service sector with the developments in information and Communication Technology. In this respect, Call Centers, which are the most important contact points established with customers, are among the sectors that follow and are affected by the Industry 4.0. In this study, the relationship between the Industry 4.0 and call services are examined and evaluated in relation to the employees, managers and customers of the Industry 4.0.In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship of call services with the units related to the Industry 4.0. The population of this study is composed of call centers in Istanbul. In this study, simple random sampling method was employed. The sample consists of 114 employees. The survey method was used for study. In the first part of the survey, there are statements about the demographic characteristics of the participants. In the second part, there are statements about Industry 4.0 in the call services category. A five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree, 5= strongly agree) was used to measure the statements. SPSS 17.0 Windows package program was used during the evaluation of survey forms.Cronbach alpha values were checked for the reliability of the scales before the data was analyzed. Cronbach alpha value was 0,76 and this indicates that scales are quite reliable as it is greater than 0,7.The following hypothesis were developed to address the aim of the study.H1: There is a relationship between the Industrial 4.0 applications and employee satisfaction.H2: There is a relationship between the Industrial 4.0 applications and customer satisfaction.H3: There is a relationship between the Industrial 4.0 applications and solving customer problems.H4: There is a relationship between the Industrial 4.0 applications and the behavior of managers.H5: There is a relationship between the Industrial 4.0 applications and teamwork.H6: There is a relationship between the Industrial 4.0 applications and operating environment.The results show that 44.7 % of the survey participants are male and 55.3 % are female. Age distribution was seem to be intense in the age range of 18-25 (58,8 %) and the majority of the participants are married with 72,8 %.Examining educational status, a large majority of the participants, such as 64,0 % shows that they are graduates from high school. Elementary school graduates are only two (1,8 %). 17,5 % of the other participants are associate degree graduates, %14 are license graduates, 2,7% are master’s/doctorate degree graduates.When the hypothesis are examined in detail;The relationship between employee satisfaction and Industry 4.0 is statistically meaningful and positive. A high level of relationship between the satisfaction of the employees and the Industry 4.0 (r=0,651) was determined and therefore the H1 hypothesis was accepted.A positive-orientation relationship (r=0,426) was determined between the satisfaction of the customers and the Industry 4.0, and H2 hypothesis was accepted as statically significant. Customer satisfaction is considered a satisfactory development for Industry 4.0. Solving customers problems and the relationship between Industry is meaningful, positive and weak (r=0,188). Therefore, the H3 hypothesis is accepted in this direction.The relationship between the behaviors of managers and the Industry 4.0 is significant and this relationship is positive. The relationship level is moderate (r=0,147). The H4 hypothesis is accepted because it is related in statistical direction.The relationship between teamwork and Industry 4.0 was positively and moderately determined (r=0,426) and this relationship is statistically significant, the H5 hypothesis was accepted.The relationship between the working environment and the Industry 4.0 is statistically significant. This relationship is positive. The relationship-level is moderate (r=0,147). Therefore, the H5 hypothesis was accepted.In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that call centers should invest more in Industry 4.0 applications to achieve both employee and customer satisfaction. Future research should focus on developing the scales that were used in this study. Also, a research can be conducted on managers, employees and business owners separately to see the differences in their attitudes.
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Living in present society, leaning on smart phones, social networks, internet portals and informative application, a modern man changes the system of mutual communication. Development of modern technologies positively influences on the growth of number of media companies, facilitates the access to information and their transfer to interested public. Information become global goods and thus the way of media functioning is adjusted to newly established living conditions. Digital revolution serves the most to development of student media because students and other young people are in fact Internet and social media generations and they follow trends of modern technologies. Improvement of media infrastructure and convergence enabled not only easier organization of student practical work but also development and establishment of student media in the form we are aware of today. Functioning of student media, we talk about in the paper, supports the visibility of student work, affirmation of students who publish their works in student media among population who follows those media and possibility for employers to recognize excellent students. Higher education goal is to offer the possibility to gain competences students need to find jobs offered at the modern labor market, so that will be much easier in the present digital society.
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Contemporary marketing communication intensively implements the potentials of information technology and software tools and contributes to development of digital and electronic marketing. It tries to use social networking information about products, services and the company to shape a marketing mix and marketing strategy. Social networks are a channel of communication with potential and existing customers, they are a powerful means of shaping attitudes, opinions and image about the product or service. They are a direct customer communication and an in-house development tool. Exploring and understanding customer opinions have tremendous practical value for the enterprise because they provide proactive action and can direct the company's operational activities to customize the properties and quality of products or services to customer requirements. The paper reviews the opinions of users of social networks (potential or current buyers) about the brand by analyzing the content of their messages. Therefore, sentiment analysis is implemented in the paper. It is a process that finds the attitudes, feelings, or emotions of customers in textual data as an essential component of an image of a product or service. The main hypothesis of the paper is that social networks contribute to development of brand image. Designing a brand image can be effectively influenced through the social network. So first we explore the „presence” of the brand inside messages and communication between users of social networks Twitter and Facebook. Then, from both social networks we create word clouds and compare views, opinions, and internal images. On the basis of such analysis it is possible to make proactive marketing actions that can timely affect the brand image.
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Freedom of opinions, believes and views analysed in this article is a very important aspect of freedom of speech or self-expression. Fundamental principles of the implementation of such the freedom and the grounds of its restrictions are stated in the international documents on human rights and in national Constitution. The analysis of the principles considered cannot be productive if the particularity determined by the Lithuanian culture, traditions, level of tolerance, geopolitical situation, historical memories and political will is ignored in implementing the freedom of speech. According to that, the essential conditions for the freedom of speech, freedom of government critics, political value of the freedom of speech, its bounds are analysed. Special attention is given to the analysis of the problem which expressions of the opinions not corresponding the interest of the society and being socially negative are tolerated and which are not. There are also considered negative consequences of disponing the freedom of speech which is unavoidable and peripheral result of the democratic society.
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Przyjęte jest, że z okazji Nowego Roku składamy sobie życzenia szczęścia i pomyślności, a ja chcę was zwymyślać. O co chodzi? Do czego doszliśmy! Dawniej człowiek przejrzał „Ogoniok”, rozwiązał krzyżówki i koniec. Na to wystarczył jeden wieczór, a gazetę – na makulaturę.
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The article is a voice in the discussion on the contemporary Polish rap music and the image of a family created there by artists. Its aim is to present current trends in music and to indicate the necessity to promote performers who shape a positive image of a family in listeners, while warning against the demoralization of young people. In the first part, a historical outline of hip-hop music in Poland is presented in a synthetic way. The beginnings of rap have been described as well as the social background which the artists originated from. The second part shows the positive dimension of rap music. The analysis has shown that many artists, under the influence of changing their lives, began to treat rap as a mission in order to shape mature behaviour in a young man. The last part of the article presents the results of a survey in which Internet users were asked about contemporary music trends. The research has shown that currently popular artists do not present a positive image of a family, however, they frequently distort it.
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The article deals with radio as a medium in the teaching of the Catholic Church. Technological progress has created an opportunity to carry out evangelization and information missions through the communities associated with the Church. One of the achievements enabling their implementation was and is the radio. The author of the work decided to analyze the documents of the Church in terms of radio in the period from Pius XI to Paweł VI.
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The article is about the growing worldwide trend associated with the total jargonization of the media. It is noted that the laws of modern mass communication have the greatest influence on young people. The necessity of expedient, communicatively justified use in a speech of young people, including foreign carriers, jargon lexical units, is substantiated.
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The subject of this paper is the discourse representation of cultural cooperation between Croatia and Serbia in media texts. The aim was to examine the dominant strategies used by the mainstream media in Croatia and Serbia in the representation of appearances, events and the activities of artists from the two countries by using the method of critical discourse analysis. The sample for analysis consisted of texts published in online editions of the daily newspapers Jutarnji list and Blic collected during March, April and May of 2018. The results of the research show that the dominant strategy is spectacular representation, primarily on an individual level. Unlike in previous research, when nationalistic discourse was influenced by an already existing socio-cognitive basis originating on the ideological division 'We' and 'They' and was 'more clandestine and hidden' than the one in the nineties, it has now become articulated. It is shaped by almost all manipulative strategies – differentiation, confrontation, silence and forgetting, which express the polarized relationship between the opposing groups, Serbian and Croatian. Through the patriotic discourse of well-known stereotypes that support the uncoordinated social and political narratives of Serbia and Croatia, first and foremost those of the past, journalists are pointing out explicit negative valuations towards the actors uniting themselves with members of their own group, defending and clearly distancing themselves from members of the other group, which is attacked. On the other hand, the detected antinationalist discourse in the form of critical counter-narratives of the representation of certain subjects and artists follows the tradition of a “culture of disagreement and resistance” to the current circumstances. The detected dualism of nationalist and anti-nationalist discourse in our research indicates the existence of, in a manner of speaking, two parallel forms of cultural space in the context of cultural cooperation between Croatia and Serbia.
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