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The 52nd Annual Munich Security Conference, one of the world’s most renowned conferences of its kind, took place from February 12 to February 14, 2016. For the fifty-second time, Munich hosted the world’s political elite and other notable persons from the field of international politics. In total, more than 600 state officials attended the conference. Every year, the topics of the Munich Security Conference are connected to current global security challenges and other future challenges. The conference itself served as a platform for various panel discussions. Part of the forum consisted of non-formal discussions, debates and roundtable debates. Slovakia was also represented at the Munich Security Conference – attending the conference were the Slovak Minister of Foreign and European Affairs Miroslav Lajčák and the Vice President of the European Commission Maroš Šefčovič, who was also one of the speakers of a panel discussion about energy security during the conference’s third day.
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Research on political thought in the period 1864–1939 produced many important analyses, from comments and studies to works attempted as syntheses (the works of M. Śliwa and R. Wapiński). The scholars’ attention was directed at prominent categories of the political thought in its historical dimension. There appeared analyses which presented concep-tions of the political regime (A. Ajnenkiel, A. Friszke, J. Holzer, K. Kawalec, S. Kru-kowski, M. Pietrzak), issues concerning national minorities (A. Chojnowski, W. Mich), conceptions of foreign policy (J. Faryś, M. Mroczko, W. Wrzesiński), economic con-ceptions (K. Dziewulski, A. Wojtas, S. Żurawicki). Research is being done on the conceptions of the major political movements active in the period following the uprising and in the interwar period. Studies in the political thought of conservatives produced analyses concerning basic values of the movement, such as religion, tradition, property, freedom and conceptions of the political regime, socio-economic, national and foreign policy conceptions. Analysts of the Piłsudski camp focused mainly on the representation of the ideas concerning the state, concep-tions related to national minorities, foreign policy, economic programmes. Studies in the National Democracy were dedicated to the key value of the movement: the nation in a broad context of ideological and political conditions. They also included regime, territorial, foreign policy conceptions. Research on the Christian democratic current is in its initial phase. The peasant thought includes works related to many categories: from ideological conditions (agrarism) to specific categories of political thought (state, po-litical regime, self-government, cooperative movement, rights and civic liberties, secu-rity, national minorities, attitudes to other political orientations). Studies in the socialist thought were dedicated to the issues of the state and the nation, socialism, models of parliamentary regimes, national minorities, cooperatives, foreign policy, farmland prob-lems. Some assumptions of the Communist movement found their reflection in the analyses of the Polish nation and the Polish state, the peasant problem, the army, na-tional minorities, religion and the Catholic Church. There have been also produced biographical analyses of ideologues and activists of the particular political movements which presented their systems of values and political conceptions. In spite of the significant progress in the research, there are still many issues that require a more insightful and holistic approach. In particular, the need to conduct com-parative research both to demonstrate relationships between the particular groupings and inspirations and relations linking the Polish thought with the European thought is prominent.
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The article presents the results of research carried out mainly on Mahatma Gandhi’s written statements which the authors refer to both a historical and socio -political background. It is the first part of the planned two -part study on mutual relations between Mahatma Gandhi’s satyagraha and South Africa, therefore it is focused on the interdependencies between the origin of the idea and the place where it was invented. The authors seek to answer two main questions: 1) whether Gandhi has entered into a dialogue with the native people of South Africa, and 2) whether Gandhi’s idea of non -violent fighting for social rights included the native population of South Africa. The study also presents an outline of the evolution of Gandhi’s attitudes towards Africans and the Coloured People.
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Caste has been in existence for centuries in South Asia, though its forms and contents vary across the region. Caste is a mode of power, a weapon of action and one of the criteria of making people’s collective identity within groups. I argue, in this paper, that caste is a product of complex histories and exists today in multiple forms. There has been a major change from treating caste as a rigid ritual stratum to caste as “identity to negotiate power and resources.” It operates as a symbol of collective identity and a basis for collective bargaining of limited resources and representation in various organizations and administrative institutions. The caste system eroded at the ritual level, but emerged at the political and economic levels in India and Nepal.
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The subject of this study are the two main stages of the Bulgarian capitalisms from the Liberation to the present day – 66 years of the first Bulgarian capitalism between 1878 and 1944. There are 45 years of interruption and then came the second Bulgarian capitalism during the next 25 years. At the beginning of the study the main characteristics of the first Bulgarian capitalism are reconstructed. This capitalism occurred in a backward country, a periphery of the Western capitalism. The scarcity of resources and the delayed development, and also the geopolitical situation of the battle for hegemony of the Great Forces in two world wars defined its peculiarities, and ultimately his inability to realize its modernization tasks. The discourse of „transition to democracy and market economy” acquired a hegemonic status after the end of the state socialism. However behind this discourse a reality of economic, political and ideological restoration of capitalism is hidden. The first Bulgarian capitalism, especially after 1934, is based on a strong government while the second Bulgarian capitalism is born in a time of a global neoliberal wave and largely destroyed the country and dramatically reduces the effectiveness of institutions. There are three main characteristics of the second Bulgarian capitalism, analyzed in this study – they are connected with comprador elites, kleptocracy, peripheral development. This leads to its strong destructiveness, which specifically is analyzed in this study.
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This paper deals with Slobodan Jovanovic`s theory of state sovereignty. Following the tradition of the general theory of state (Allgemeine Staatslehre), Jovanovic stresses the sovereignty of the state as a person. The sovereignty of a state is the authority and power of the whole over its parts, and hence the state is superior to the sovereignty of any one of its members, bodies or organs. Jovanovic criticizes Rousseau’s theory of popular sovereignty and the theory of natural rights. The aim is to consider specificities of Jovanovic’s theory of sovereignty of a state and his criticism of the theory of sovereignty of people.
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Organizational culture (OC), along with organizational structure or strategy, is one of the most crucial determinants of successful human resource management practices implementation. The factor’s importance increases in unique organizations such as public hospitals. In the literature, the aspect of organizational culture in hospitals is widely discussed. However, at the same time researchers rarely focus on the inf luence of OC on human resource management practices. Due to the fact, the paper’s objective is to detect relationships between organizational culture and human resource management practices. In order to fulfil the objective, in the first part of the paper the authors discuss theoretical aspects of OC and HRM in public hospitals. In the second part, they analyze the relationship between these two categories. Additionally, a research was conducted in the years 2014/2015 in Poland on the sample of 468 respondents employed in 8 public hospitals. Its results confirm that there is a correlation between different types of organizational culture and particular human resource management practices such as recruitment of employees who are open to change and development and ready to share knowledge and reward staff for innovativeness. The findings can be regarded as reasonable premises for management in the organizations and a further research area.
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Numerous political, national and cultural issues that are more than a century dealt with the great Serbian statesman and scientist Stojan Novakovic historical destiny again set before generation of contemporary Serbian intellectuals and patriots. In this article we will try to point out the fundamental point of view Novakovic, designed and imbued his elaborate knowledge and experience as prime minister, diplomats, parliamentarians, scientists, publicists. Novakovic highlights the signs by which not only can we fathom the significance of certain historical phenomena and processes that followed the Serbian society, but also to recognize and determine the challenges we will inevitably face and intertwine in the future. Political ideas about building and strengthening state-permanent form, the necessity of a national program, as well as cultural and educational tasks at which he testified, have a lasting, zavjetanu force, as well as the message that the national aspirations of the Serbian people should be reflected and implemented through universal human, universal values. Today's situation in Serbian society witnessed how wise and far-sighted Novakovic warnings to constitutional order and freedoms of people are losing every sense of importance and if you do not come from the universal acceptance of legality, order, permanence and serious work, diligent preservation of all violence and arbitrariness. The aim of a strong rule of law and to prevent that ever happening again arbitrariness of individuals who should be placed on her forehead. Novakovic was particularly interested in how to be 'dismembered Serbian nation' to know each other, closer and unify national culture. He notes that there is no freedom without education, making education and politics must act together.
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Review of: Klaus von Beyme "Theorie der Politik im 20: Jahrhundert (Von der Moderne zur Postmoderne)"; Suhrkamp Bd. 969 1991. 394 p. by: Davor Rodin
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Date: March 23, 1992 Place: Faculty of Political Sciences, Zagreb
More...Discuție pe marginea volumului Florin DIACONU, Război clasic-limitat și război total: elemente de teorie și istorie politico-militară, Editura Universității din București, 2006, 244 pagini, prefață de Daniel Barbu
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Ky artikull është kapitulli i fundit i njërit prej librave më të njohur të Hanna Pitkin-it, Koncepti i Përfaqësimit. Ky libër është bërë tashmë një nga klasikët e literaturës së përfaqësimit dhe është ndoshta libri që përdoret më gjerësisht nga teoricienët e fushës. Në këtë kapitull Pitkin-i bën një sintezë të mënyrës se si mund të kuptohet koncepti i përfaqësimit pasi lca analizuar pikëpamje dhe këndvështrime të ndryshme në lidhje me të. Sipas saj, shumë teoricienë janë përpjekur të ofrojnë një përkufizim final të përfaqësimit duke theksuar një aspekt të veçantë të tij dhe duke injoruar dimensione të tjera. Për Pitkin-in koncepti i përfaqësimit nuk mund të kuptohet vetëm në nivelin teorik apo abstrakt, por duhet kuptuar në kontekstin e gjuhës, praktikave dhe institucioneve nga ku buron dhe mbi të cilat ndikon. Përfaqësimi për Pitkin-in duhet kuptuar si tension i pashmangëshëm dhe i domosdoshëm midis një ideali abstrakt dhe realizimit të tij praktik.
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Forecasting social phenomena may be hampered in many ways. This is because in nature of these phenomena lies strong and multilateral connection with other social phenomena; but not only - also physical and biological (natural) ones. The content of this publication constitutes presentation of chosen problems of forecasting in social sciences. The attention in the article was focused among others on deterministic chaos theory, on the attempt of its implementation to phenomena from the scope (or from borderline) of social sciences: economy, logistics, science about safety etc. Moreover, one of the threads of ponderation was the attempt to consider whether it’s possible to create so-called final theory. The aim of the publication is to signalize possibilities of taking advantage of seemingly exotic for “political scientists” methodology of modeling and explaining phenomena, having its source in exact sciences (in chaos theory) to study social phenomena and processes.
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The issue of the power of contemporary states has not lost its significance, which can be seen in various theories of international relations. It remains valid despite the changes in the international system and different perception of states’ power. The changes in the international system have made soft power as important as the military or economic power of a state. It is also important to consider the source of power, embodied in a well-functioning state or a will of the community to accomplish its goals. The assessment of the power of contemporary states should also take into account the international system, which greatly influences which elements of power are more, and which are less important in a given situation.It has to be recognized that the power of the state is a complex outcome of military, economic and soft factors. However, external, systemic factors that ultimately determine the power of the state should also be taken into account.Several research methods have been used in researching the power of the state. One is the method of systemic analysis, which is particularly important in power studies as it determines where power is located on different levels of the international system. The statistical methods that take into account both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the phenomena studied are important, especially in the field of power. The comparative method (analogy) is also used, as it allows similarities and differences between processes and phenomena to be detected.
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The constituting and internal organizing of a local community involves arrangements for total national defence and social self-protection. For this to function all the relationships based on socialist self-management ought to be fully developed. The basic human forces that make up of the system, and in particular the people associated within the Socialist Alliance of the Working People can be still more completely engaged in this task. The local community's role in defence and protection will be the more effective the more fully the working people and citizens «nil participate in the decision-making concerning total national defence and social self-protection.
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This article presented mechanism and instruments of contemporary psychologicalwarfare. Phenomenon of propaganda will be discussed and also the role of its maincarrier: mass media. In the further part of the work cyberspace will be presented as otherlarge area of contest for influence on societies. Manipulation of social consciousness,which is conducted by state regimes and other participators of international relations, ispermanent element of contemporary international environment. That is the reason whyit is so important to know mechanism of it.
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The United States of America is militarily and diplomatically disengaging from the Middle East. Concurrently, Iran as a Regional Power is on the perceived ascent. This article rationalizes the effects of America’s invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, the Arab Spring, and the Nuclear settlement with the P5+ group of nations on the distribution of power in the region. By utilizing Balance of Power Theory with reference to the distribution of power in the region, an examination of Iran interests in the region after 2017 and strategy for approaching these aims will be sort after.
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This paper is part of a bigger project where I try to evaluate and merge different philosophical and sociological approaches in order to understand and show how new technologies could change political life. This article aims to propose conceptual instruments suitable for that endeavor through the analysis of a small example of postmodern life - Digital Vigilantism - and based on ideas of Daniel Trottier, Zygmunt Bauman, and Michel Foucault. The swarm is a metaphor used by Zygmunt Bauman to show how the understanding of communities is changed in liquid modernity. Swarms are based on untied, uncontrolled, short-term relationships between consumers/users that are formed with the express purpose of achieving some goals. Swarms could be massive in numbers and have a lot of power for a quite short period. One such example could be Digital Vigilantism, which is an act of punishing certain citizens - those believed to be deserving of punishment by Internet users. One particular form of digital vigilantism is disclosing someone’s personal information (addresses, phone numbers, emails, Facebook accounts, etc.) for everybody to see in order to spread shaming acts. The acts of DV sometimes gain enough power to change the political agenda. The problem is that the interest of people to solve certain issues is often extremely short; meanwhile, a sustainable political act/change requires an active and stable effort for a much longer period. The main intrigue lies in whether the political act itself can change from being influenced by the swarm effect.
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This article aims to identify and reconstruct a few main elements of political theory upon which the works of Simonas Daukantas, the founding father of the national Lithuanian written history, are based. Daukantas’s major works on Lithuanian history were researched while identifying and closely analyzing the passages where Daukantas specifically speaks about natural law and civilizational progress. Daukantas’s history works were considerably influenced by authors of Neostoic natural law theory, such as Hugo Grotius, Samuel Pufendorf, and Antoine - Yves Goguet. This influence shows in the adopted conceptions of natural needs, natural sociability, and a characterization of the emergence of private property rights in Lithuania with the help of conjectural history methods. Daukantas traces natural law elements in the oldest customs of the people and therefore gives most attention to reconstructing and describing the mores of the ancient Lithuanians. In describing historical evolution, he applied in his works the concepts of bright and dark periods as well as the distinctions of other separate stages of civilizational progress as discussed in Enlightenment historiography and conjectural history in particular.
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