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Sociálny katolicizmus a sekularizácia

Author(s): Jakub Štofaník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2015

The article examines the Catholic answer to such modern challenges such as industrialisation, urban sprawl, the accelerated growth of the working class and migrations in the territory of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. From the perspective of Social Catholicism, which is understood primarily as a collective social practice present in society in various forms, the article contributes to the debate around the secularisation thesis and the role of religion in modern society. The study looks at the adaptation process from the first Kolping's movement, through the usage of the Social Catholic language by the political parties, to the establishment of the network of social catholic associations and trade unions. It analyses the transformation of Catholic participants that took part in debates about the ideal social order, as well their motivations, goals and interaction with society. Based on the role played by the Social Catholics in society, the conclusion offers possible limits and weaknesses of the secularisation approach.

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Panorama inna niż wszystkie

Author(s): Bartosz Janik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 62/2017

Book review of: Panorama współczesnej filozofii, Jacek Hołówka, Bogdan Dziobkowski (ed.), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2016, pp. 559.

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Transitional Justice Models and Analytic Philosophy

Author(s): Michał Krotoszyński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

As an interdisciplinary field of scholarship, transitional justice is still in its pre-theoretical stage, focusing mainly on the case and comparative studies, supported by general considerations concerning justice in the times of transition. To entrench the field as a distinct area of studies, a theory of transitional justice needs to be formulated. The article explores the possibility of making a step towards such a theoretical basis with the use of the tools of analytical philosophy, methodology and legal theory. First, drawing on Leszek Nowak’s procedure of idealisation, three basic models of responses to a painful past are formulated. Then, distinct transitional justice values are attributed to each of the models. Finally, with the use of Jerzy Kmita’s concept of humanistic interpretation, the article seeks to conceptualize the way in which these values – among other factors, such as the need to uphold the rule of law or to preserve the stability of a democratic system – influence the choice of a model of transitional justice response. Thus, the aim of the presented models – which I described in more detail elsewhere (Krotoszyński 2017) – is to provide a sound theoretical basis for some of the fundamental claims formulated in the field of transitional justice.

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THE NARRATIVE OF POLITICAL ISLAM: CONSTITUTIONALISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Nikola Gjorshoski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

One of the essential postulates of political orientation and determination for the building of stable societies and a functioning political system in its content recognizes and imposes the need to examine the relation of relevant political actors to constitutionalism and human rights as concepts and preoccupations for any modern society. Also, constitutionalism and human rights and freedoms as its inseparable category manifest the political values and the corpus of essential and common political goals and commitments of a particular political community. Political Islam as an ideological political subject has its own sources and a valuable orientation framework through which prisms and perceptions can be interpreted or extracted by individual axiological determinants to certain issues. This paper analyzes exactly the relations of political Islam with constitutionalism and human rights, and similarly to the so-called framework it draws attention to the concepts of power, the mechanisms of control and compliance with the Sharia regulations. At the same time, the importance of human rights and freedoms in the Islamic narrative, their nature and scope, as well as the differences with the western established documents in this area are emphasized and analyzed.

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Пост-индустриален капитализъм, колективна идеология и обществото на алтернативната истина

Author(s): Alain Klein / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The aspirations of post-colonial political elites in Africa can be summed up as the quest for development. This quest since independence, involves, in part, the pursuit of a common citizenship, shared nationality and common interests and values, the evolution of which provide the bedrock for mutual co-existence and the commitment of all to the common good. It also involves the establishment of institutions that will guarantee peace, justice, and fairness. However, the process of realizing these goals of broadening the scope of socio-political interactions have been vitiated by our colonial experiences and consequently unleashed certain centrifugal forces that have made the quest for community development in most African states a daunting task.The divisive tendencies of the colonialists created communal identities, which provided a new symbolic and ethnocentric focus for each group where none existed and thus complicated the task of welding diverse elements in each colony into a coherent whole. This became the source of the proliferation of many life threatening conflicts which has impeded the process of community development in Africa. But why has these conflicts persist in spite of the several attempts to meet them? This paper argues that the above account fails because it ignores the values Africans place on human worth given expression in their communal context. The attempt here is to explore South Africa`s indigenous unifying social ethic of Ubuntu in arriving at a humane society that has a participatory value; founded on co-operation, charity, reconciliation and justice rather than the individualism of the West. This paper will, therefore, employ the analytic descriptive method to examine the above in a manner many scholars have ignored in an attempt to develop a viable sense of community in Africa. Hence, it is expected that this paper will initiate a perspective that will challenge extant interpretation of this discourse.

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Influence of Mass Culture on Ethnic Culture and Its Overcoming

Author(s): Anzhelina A. Koriakina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The intensification of world processes has acutely raised the problem of preserving traditional ethnic culture. Preservation of cultural heritage in a mass society is the most important problem of our time. In this regard, the question of influence of mass culture on the culture of an ethnos and its overcoming is actualized. In the article, on the basis of the literature review, the concepts of “mass culture” and “ethnic culture” are analyzed. It is revealed that ethnic culture is multi-component and includes both traditional components and elements of mass culture. The consequences of the impact of mass culture on the culture of the Yakut ethnos- acculturation and marginalization – are revealed. Conditions for overcoming the influence of mass culture on the culture of an ethnos – the dialogue between western and eastern cultures, the cessation of mindless copying of the Western way of life – are developed.

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Cultural Identity as Security and a Philosophy of Development for Africa: Reflections on Amilcar Cabral

Author(s): Philip Ogo Ujomu,Felix Olatunji / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper looks at the problem of national and human security in many parts of Africa today, seen in the inability of most governments to guarantee the adequate protection, peace and well-being of the citizens due in part to foreign dominating ideas. Cabral in his cultural and political thought offered philosophical insights and applied culture to the analysis of security for modern Africa. His theory of security is build upon the struggle for liberation from the colonial ordinance and his philosophy of identity is based on a combination of theory and praxis in the pursuit of reality. This requires the unearthing of the deep cultural roots and causes of things. This harmonization of interests is not just between men and men, but also between men and nature. The question is; what principles and values can best facilitate the crucial sense of security in most African societies?

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Contra spem spero. Spotkania Herlinga z Szałamowem

Author(s): Grzegorz Przebinda / Language(s): Russian,Polish Issue: 2/2019

The article is an attempt at a comprehensive, synthetic description of the attitude of Gustav Herling-Grudzinski (1919–2000) – a great Polish writer in exile, a prisoner of Stalinist labour camps (1940–1942), and then the author of A World Apart (1951) – to the work of Varlam Shalamov (1907–1982) – an eminent Russian writer who wrote in the USSR and had been a former long-term prisoner of the Soviet labour camps (1929–1931; 1937–1951). Shalamov is primarily known as the author of the brilliant, but extremely dark Kolyma Tales (written in 1954–1962, and published 1966–1967), autobiographical, but above all describing the state of the human being of the first half of the 20th century in extremely inhuman conditions. Eagerly reading Shalamov from the beginning of the 70s until the end of his life, Herling sought from this Russian brotherly soul of his (whom he had obviously known from his publications only) the answers to both historical and metaphysical questions. On the one hand, the attitude and creative works of people like Shalamov proved to him that “another Russia” did exist – as a sort of “underground source” in the process of liberating of Eastern and Central Europe from the yoke of Communism – inevitable in Herling’s view. On the other hand, the Polish writer did not accept Shalamov’s extremely pessimistic picture of the world and the human being, strongly believing that there is a “hard core” in man, in Franz Kafka’s language, that cannot be eradicated by even the most inhuman system, neither Nazism nor Communism, referred to by Herling as “twin brothers”. The Polish writer finally recognized Shalamov – a convinced atheist it should be added – as a saintly person, alongside with the noteworthy figures who were so important for Europe – Father Maksymilan Kolbe, Janusz Korczak, Albert Camus or Franz Kafka.

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PSYCHOANALYTIC INTERPRETATIONS ON THE PSYCHOSOCIAL REALITIES OF THE DEPORTATIONS FROM THE MOLDAVIAN SSR: THE ISSUE OF ENVY

Author(s): Zinaida Bolea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

The deportations from the Moldavian SSR took place during the first decade of the Sovietization of Bessarabia and represent a traumatic event in the contemporary history of the Republic of Moldova. Given the collective silence during the Soviet period on this phenomenon, the last two decades have been marked by efforts to create scientific and cultural representations of this historical event. Being part of the category of anthropogenic historical traumas, in which the traumatic factor is individually human, the subject of transformations of human relations in a totalitarian context is a central one for research projects dedicated to deportations. This article deals with deportees' representations of the causes and conditions of deportations and highlights hypotheses formulated by deportees. One of the deportees' hypotheses refers to local social animosities, and the issue of envy is invoked. The article presents the deportees' arguments, followed by psychoanalytic theorizations of this hypothesis.

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Koncepcja etyki naukowej i wizje postępu moralnego w ujęciu liderów polskiej myśli pozytywistycznej

Author(s): Włodzimierz Tyburski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

The article presents one of the components of the intellectual legacy of Polish positivism, a philosophical position which proposed a new attitude towards ethical issues. Its representatives put forward the notion of scientific ethics, reducing moral philosophy to it. They strongly emphasized their critical attitude towards traditional ethics, for which there was no place in the positivist model of science, and proposed a distinction between theoretical and practical ethics. Their project was motivated by an ambition to make ethics into jurisprudence, a discipline whose accuracy would make it similar to other sciences. Their efforts were consistently motivated by the idea of making ethics into an empirical and applied science. This scientific ethics would fulfill the important task of forming a set of moral requirements, which, by referring to moral knowledge (“ethology”), would have a chance of influencing the conduct of individuals and society. The new ethics was expected to contribute to the change in social morality and thus greatly support moral progress, an issue which was hotly debated. All positivists subscribed to the idea of progress, including that of morality; however, some differences can be discerned in how they defined progress. Some defined it in realistic categories, while others focused on optimistic visions of the future. Among the first advocates of scientific ethics and of the idea of moral progress, differences notwithstanding, were Aleksander Świętochowski, Julian Ochorowicz, Feliks Bogacki, Władysław Kozłowski, and Bolesław Prus. The article gives an overview of some of their views.

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Przejęzyczać się ku życiu (o poezji Joanny Mueller)

Author(s): Jakub Skurtys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (21)/2023

The article is focused on the poetic work of Joanna Mueller. The author is interested in how the issue of the form-of-life is functionalized in her poetry and how her critical project, focused precisely on the modern category of life, translates into strictly literary activities. He begins with a polemic against the accusations of the conservativeness of Mueller’s poetics and her apparent experimentalism, referring to romantic gestures of defending subjectivity rather than its neo-avant-garde transgression, and tries to show how this stance actually is coupled with the feminist, new-materialist struggle for the form-of-life and the unveiling of immaterial labour. The stakes of Mueller’s poetic game, then, are not a poem that articulates social anger or acts as a dialectical negation of the capitalist system but an affirmative lagging that accommodates and secures a precarious life.

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Virtual Professional Identity, Legal and Ethical Aspects. A Conceptual Framework

Author(s): Dragoş Grigorescu,Dana Volosevici / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The text uses two tools to interpret the relationship between employee and employer. The first tool is anthropological, while the second is a legal one. In this way, the complex relationship between an employee and an employer is analyzed in the larger context of doubling the real identity of the two participants with a virtual identity for each of them. Therefore, the relationship will include two levels of reporting from the employee to the employer and vice versa. The employee will be viewed by the employer both as a natural person, therefore real, but also as a virtual person with the virtual identity or profile. In turn, the employee will refer to the employer both as a legal person and as a virtual legal person. In the following lines we propose to establish a possible ethical boundary between the employee and the employer as virtual entities capable of orienting the anthropological and legal analysis.

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Българската политическа култура: пластове на формиране

Author(s): Dimitar Ganev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

In the article, I outline the main layers that are fundamental to the construction of Bulgarian political culture. At the beginning of the text, I clarify the concept of political culture. The examined layers are four: geographical, Balkan, Orthodox, and national. These layers, in particular, have a determining influence on the character of Bulgarian political culture in the modern history of Bulgaria.

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The „Christian Natural Philosophy” of Otto Casmann (1562–1607): A Case Study of Early Modern Mosaic Physics

Author(s): Jan Čížek / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2023

This article aims to present a detailed analysis of the “Christian natural philosophy” elaborated by the German humanist philosopher and theologian Otto Casmann (1562–1607) in his various works. To this end, Casmann’s general idea of philosophia Christiana is discussed and critically evaluated. Regarding natural philosophy, or physics, attention is paid mainly to topics such as cosmogony and cosmology, which Casmann promised to have developed biblically and independently of the pagan (namely Aristotelian) tradition. However, when Casmann’s natural philosophy is analyzed in detail, his resolute emphasis on the literal reading of the Bible, the cornerstone of his entire concept, turns out to be problematic. Similarly, despite his resolutions, his natural-philosophical views are, to a considerable extent, still dependent on Aristotelian terms and concepts.

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La promoción de justicia social a través de un testimonio: el caso de Juana Doña

Author(s): Ana Belén Álvarez / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 23/2023

Juana Doña describes her book Desde la noche y la niebla as a novel-testimony, but not an autobiographical one. This story about her life as a militant in the communist ranks, the Spanish Civil War, and her imprisonment mark the narrative evolution that transgresses any taboo imposed by Francisco Franco’s censorship. Doña relies on her memory and her present self-awareness to remember and decide, respectively, which events are related, and which are silenced; how actions are reaffirmed, and which information is omitted; and how the narrative pronoun changes according to her own life or the collective struggle. The book functions as an individual catharsis, both for the author and the readers. I propose to analyze the writing process of this book as a promotion of justice weapon, following Kimberly Nance’s theory about the ethical decisions made by the author of the testimony and inferring a new role for the reader as a timeless agent in social struggle.

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MOOCs: Global Business Goals and Local Educational Strategies

Author(s): Anna Ślósarz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

MOOCs are prepared by universities, research centers, business and governmental bodies. That is a device with which academic centers spread state-of-the-art. knowledge, while business entities facilitate the development of competencies, particularly in business, economics and IT. The paradox is that although MOOCs courses are open to global users, they contain distinctive features of their inventors’ and administrators’ culture because they have been created locally. In order to identify the cultural characteristics evident in the content of MOOC courses, 267 courses on creative writing posted on five platforms were analyzed: Coursera (USA), FutureLearn (UK), XuetangX (China), JMOOC (Japan) and Skill Academy (Indonesia). Skill Academy and Coursera were focused on business-marketing goals, although they represented different cultures. Chinese, Japanese and Indonesian courses reflected the responsiveness of those cultures and were people- and affiliation-oriented. They employed a holistic approach to teaching (emphasis on context), i.e. operated with live lectures, which had not happened on Western platforms. Therefore, the conviction that MOOC is a mirror of the culture in which it was created should be considered a myth. It is the MOOC platform that presents the interests of the administrators and owners. Platform owners differ in their goals: academic (general knowledge transfer becoming a thing of the past after the commercialization of Coursera and edX), marketing (focused on gaining customers and employees) or economic-political (XuetangX). For a MOOC to be useful to representatives of another culture, not only translation into another language is needed, but also a proper modification of learning objectives and methods.

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Структурни предизвикателства в България пред приложимостта на теорията за ценностните полярности на демокрацията

Author(s): Venelin L. Stoychev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

The article presents the results of a pilot empirical study focused on the applicability in contemporary Bulgaria of William Benet’s polarities of democracy theory at organizations level. The pilot study compares three typologically different organizations – secondary schools, non-profit organizations and companies in the digital services sector. The results of the approbation of the approach of leverage of polar democratic values reveal that today in our country there are huge shortages of democratic practices introduced at organizations level. At the same time, the participants in the study simultaneously express: 1) a desire for more democratization of internal organizational life and 2) skepticism about the effectiveness and efficiency of democratic approaches to the management of the organizations they belong to. The paper provides arguments in support of the thesis that the “leverage of democracy values” approach is extremely relevant to the democratic development of the studied organizations, but that Benet’s five pairs of democratic values are rather not recognized in the current Bulgarian socio-cultural context as relevant value poles, between which organizations oscillate constantly. The pilot survey comes to the conclusion that not so much the “conscious leverage of value poles”, but rather the empowerment of the members of the studied institutions, the competitive environment and the establishment of a system of mutual control and power balance are prerequisites for democratization of the typologically different organizations included in the research.

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Coronocracy as the Post-covid-19 Paradigm of Immuno-State: Theoretical and Conceptual Insights

Author(s): Đorđe S. Stojanović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in profound cultural and political metamorphoses of the imagination, interpretation, and organization of the immunization complex of state and society. Starting from the premise that these immunitary transformations tend to become the disciplining norms/standards, this paper seeks to profile their general attributes. First, it detects the discrepancy between the metanarratives of the pandemic’s universal biomedical natural course and symbolically heterogeneous vernacular narratives of the pandemic’s cultural courses. The semiurgic production of the pandemic, i.e. authentic COVID-19 cultures, is one of its most important characteristics. Second, it detects the discrepancy between the “pathogenization of politics” and the “politicization of pathogens”. While the technocratic “pathogenization of politics” involves the engagement of default state platforms, the “politicization of pathogens” is the process of designing new political platforms of biopower. Finally, COVID-19 leads to the perpetuation of the pandemic extra-legitimacy of ruling structures and the recomposition of biological identity from individual protection toward collective protocols. A general attempt to discursively essentialize the biomedical component, to normalize the “state of exception”, affords us the possibility to define any post-COVID-19 state/society governance and organization as a democratic, authoritarian, or hybrid “coronocracy”.

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Shipwreck with a Witness: Music and Fascism in Thomas Bernhard’s “The Loser”

Author(s): Yakim Petrov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

“Shipwreck with a Witness: Music and Fascism in Thomas Bernhard’s “The Loser”” is an attempt to think the multifaceted relations between music as an art and practice, and fascism as a desire as well as a political, existential, aesthetic, etc. condition and phantasm. These relations are explored through a close reading of Thomas Bernhard’s novel “The Loser” which is a fictional account of a doomed friendship between Bernhard‘s unnamed narrator, a fictionalised version of Glenn Gould, the infamous piano virtuoso, and Wertheimer – a caricature of the equally infamous philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. It is through them that Bernhard addresses the problems of madness, desire for eternity and totality, the hatred of diversity and the Other, etc. By unpacking the dense logic and meaning of the above through ideas by Deleuze, Brassier, André Michels, etc., the text addresses the crucial figure of witnessing a transcendental trauma (fascism) qua event. Finally, the article engages with the theoretical and practical (ethical) importance of examining not just the relation between fascism and music but also the problem of the return of fascism within contemporary culture.

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Theorization of Violence (Israeli-Palestine Conflict)

Author(s): Georgiana Monica Iorga / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper is a text-applied comparative approach to some thematic aspects of the violence throughout theoretical texts belonging to philosophers like, for instance, Frantz Fanon (1925-1961, psychiatrist, philosopher, author from Martinique). Through violence decolonization is achieved, thus a new man is created. Violence is the native’s mean to an end: the formation of a just society. Colonizer’s violence (the violence of the colonial regime) versus Native’s violence (counter-violence). The appearance ot the settler represents the death of the aboriginal society, cultural lethargy and petrification of individuals. Rather than aiming at an exhaustive survey of this topic in English (almost an impossible task, given the amount of such writing that is being produced in the contemporary global age), I shall aim at focusing on a number of recurrent topics approached throughout the chosen theoretical work. My main intention will be to point out various ways in which the textuality of written texts reflect on issues related to ethnic conflict, self-identification, national movement, colonialist conflict, ideologies, religious dimension from a variety of theoretical perspectives, but situated mainly in a transnational and global light. Place and time are connected to memories and homeland as they represent important values for those who live in their homeland or in diaspora (place: where they were born and they spent their childhood or a part of their lives; time: events, customs and traditions associated to a certain moment in their lives).

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