Парламентарни избори и реформи в България (1944 – 1945 г.)

Author(s): Todor Galounov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

After the coup on September 9 in the country began transformations that gradually impose totalitarian political model. In the first years in the country remains decor democratic institutions, albeit heavily eroded, according to the decisive will of BRP (k). They are planned reforms in the political system and the restoration of the procedure of the National Assembly. Partially is restored multiparty system, but only for “trust worthy parties.” Contrary to still formally inforce TC introduces the mandatory term and the age of eligibility is fixed at 23 years; It allows the distribution of ballotson the day of the vote. Elections for the 26 NSAs are prepared under the proportional system. However, the opposition boycotted them and involve only the ruling Patriotic Front. So electoral experiments can actually be implemented.

Борбата срещу младежкия жаргон по времето на социализма

Author(s): Valeri Lichev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

Founder of the study of Bulgarian youth speech is Ivan Shishmanov. His initial research interest is in the secret speech of Sofia seminarians whose speech codes are pretty simple: before or after each word they add certain syllables. Interest in social languages is renewed after the release of “Dictionary of criminal’s language” by two anonymous authors. At this time began publishing the newspaper “The taricat (sly) voice” whose motto reads: “Destroy the stupid men, the brave ones will disappear by themselves.” In the 30s of the twentieth century starts more serious research of youth slang as a sort of social languages. According to St. Mladenov taricat (sly) speech arises under the influence of criminals’ speech (argo). Persons, who violent the law, invent special words in order not to be understood by the secret police eavesdroppers. In 1945 in the newspaper “People’s Militia” was published an article which contained a list of more frequently used words by law offenders. Censored words were omitted. After establishment of the socialist political system the attitudes towards taricat speech become fundamentally changed. This unacceptable social phenomenon is condemned as “filthy stream of words,” “negative factor that contributes to thriving of hooliganism in our country,” “linguistic corruption, an expression of immoral consciousness and decadent bourgeois ideology.” One of the decisions of the party plenum, which took place in 1954, was related to some measures, aiming to eradicate the language, spoken by some young people, who refuse to follow the norms of socialist moral. It wakes heated discussions on the pages the newspaper “People’s Youth”. Readers’ reactions are similar to power measures, studies historically by M. Foucault, and related to transforming of human being in the subject of obedience and discipline. The authors of written opinions express threats of physical assault, recommendations to impose prosecution or “treatment” of those who violate the “language hygiene”. Measures taken lead to immediate success. Delinquent youths publicly repent on the pages of “People’s Youth” and declared their unwavering position to fight by all forces and resources against people who use taricat (sly) language.

Философия и управленска култура

Author(s): Lachezar Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

In this study are considered: Philosophy – included in the values of the organization and management culture; philosophy as a factor and a model in public management and the practical activities; philosophy and pragmatic orientation of management actions.

„Основността” на философията като наука (из теория на българската основнонаучна школа

Author(s): Georgi Belogashev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The philosophical tradition of the world famous Bulgarian philosopher Prof. Dimiter Mihalchev is considered in the paper. The author’s approach is theoretical – he would like to analyze the basic character of philosophy as regards sciences.

Философско-психологическият и етико-правният потенциал на наказателно-изправителната дейност

Author(s): Yordan Gabrovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The author is an expert in the problems of criminal rehabilitation. In the paper are considered some philosophical, psychological, ethical and legal dimensions of the integration of former criminals.

Критиката като комуникативен и властови фактор

Author(s): Mariana Pencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Criticism and critical approach combines ideas coming from humanism, enlightenment, philosophy of life. In our contemporary critical thinking is what distinguishes a sane person of ordinary user of information. Quality of life is determined by the quality of thinking, and it is the basis of the quality of questions that we ask. Critical thinking is an important communicative and power factor in many areas of the society, in order reads. The more conscious personality is, the more likely it is to take the right decisions for yourself.

Małe i kruche: „Ostatni świadkowie. Utwory solowe na głos dziecięcy” Swietłany Aleksijewicz jako historia II wojny światowej z perspektywy dziecka

Author(s): Anna Karonta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article offers an analysis of Svetlana Alexievich’s Last Witnesses: An Oral History of the Children of World War II as a history of war from a child’s perspective. Giving the voice to those whose childhood fell on wartime and occupation is a step towards discovering children’s wartime experience as well as a gesture against its ideologisation and politicisation. The protagonists’ memories assembled in the reportage allow us to recreate the children’s point of view about the aforementioned events, which usually remains omitted from the official historical discourse shaped in the USSR.

Елементи от българската философия на войната през първата половина на ХХ век

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article is a review of basic publications that refer to, relatively speaking, the Bulgarian philosophy of war. This concept includes the numerous attempts for an ontological and value-based interpretation of the Bulgarian combat experience, as well as conceptualization of the war as a social phenomenon by Bulgarian philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, military theorists, etc.

Od welfaryzmu do sentiokracji. [Recenzja książki Alasdaira Cochrane’a „Should Animals Have Political Rights?” Cambridge: Polity Press, 2020]

Author(s): Dariusz Gzyra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2022

A book by British political philosopher and ethicist Alasdair Cochrane entitled Should Animals Have Political Rights? was published in 2019 by Polity Press in the Political Theory Today series. This book fits into the contemporary trend of theorizing the normative aspects of the relationship between man and other animals, which is sometimes referred to as the political turn. In his review, Dariusz Gzyra discusses the book’s structure and traces the trajectory of Cochrane’s thought, which evaluates – in the context of the postulate of animal protection and interspecies justice – the existing institutions, structures and political processes and proposes interesting changes and developments.

Il reportage alla maniera di Tiziano Terzani: „Buonanotte, Signor Lenin” e le epifanie dei luoghi

Author(s): Gloria Politi / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2023

In this paper, Gloria Politi embarks upon an analysis of Goodnight, Mister Lenin seen as an interpretation of the genre of reportage in the peculiar way by its author Tiziano Terzani. In terms of methodology, this approach draws on theories of literary criticism, textual hermeneutics and narratology. The analysis shows how the depiction of the flow of events before the reader’s eyes reveals an inner gaze that, according to Pavel Florensky, almost creates a figurative mark, just like the impressions conveyed by poetry. Terzani’s word thus expresses all its evocative potential as a narrative transfer of the rendering of space in the visual arts.

MILITARY VOLUNTEERING AS A UNIQUE EXPERIENCE AND ETHICAL PRACTICE

Author(s): Olesia Pankiv,Oksana Onyshchuk,Oleksandra Stebelska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The article aims to analyse the volunteer movement in Ukraine since the beginning of the war launched by the Russian Federation against the sovereign state. During this difficult time, volunteers have taken responsibility for providing our defenders with everything they need (food, water, medicine, first-aid kits, uniforms, weapons, etc.). The volunteer movement has turned out to be a condition for the consolidation of the nation, and its participants have become the bearers of national self-consciousness and those moral principles that underlie the liberation war. The article reveals a special feature of the volunteer movement in Ukraine – its military nature and the maximum involvement of all segments of the population, representatives of different ages, and social groups in it. The key notional aspects of military volunteering are defined. Communicative practices of this type of volunteering are clearly horizontal; their basis is equality, respect for others, cooperation, adequate competition, freedom and responsibility, and creativity. The horizontal system of relations encourages the formation and development of autonomous and responsible individuals who do not appeal to authorities but are themselves the initiators of changes. As a result of the critical analysis, the contradictory nature of the volunteer movement has been noted. Despair and hope, law and morality, freedom and responsibility, the drama of human existence, and the desire to Be (to Live) – these are the inner problems and choices that volunteers face. The volunteer movement is a powerful existential experience for its participants. Its main purpose is not only to protect the country, but also the birth of a nation, the formation of national self-consciousness, understanding and acceptance of basic moral values and ideals, and to build a democratic country based on the ideals of freedom, equality, and justice.

THOU SHALT NOT KILL EXCEPT... ABORTION, EUTHANASIA, SUICIDE AND THE DEATH PENALTY – JUSTIFICATION IN RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR POPULATIONS OF LATVIA

Author(s): Agita Misāne,Ivars Neiders,Ritma Rungule,Silva Seņkāne / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

United Nations and Council of Europe documents recognize human life as a universal value. However, there are differences in the application of this principle in practice, since exceptions are allowed by the laws of different countries allowing medical abortion, assisted suicide, euthanasia, and the death penalty. In addition, citizens are not unanimous on the question of when the ending of one’s own life or that of another is justified. The aim of the article is to find out the relationship between the religious identity of the Latvian population and attitudes towards four morally controversial phenomena such as abortion, euthanasia, suicide, and the use of the death penalty, using data from the European/World Values Studies of 1996 and 2021. The article uses cluster analysis and linear regression. This study finds that in 2021, society has demonstrated less justifiability of abortion, euthanasia and suicide compared to 1996. Statistically significant differences between religious and non-religious populations are observed in attitudes towards abortion and euthanasia, while differences in attitudes towards suicide and the death penalty are less pronounced.

In Defence of Utopia. Józef Tischner’s Thinking about the Social Ethos

Author(s): Krzysztof T. Wieczorek / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

An important trend in Tischner’s philosophical output was the observation of the phenomena that would occur in the current social life of Poles. The trend gained particular significance at the turn of the 1970s and the 1980s, when the processes that finally led to the systemic transformation began. During this period, Tischner made a successful attempt to reconstruct the Polish social ethos. It turned out that its integral element is the presence of utopian projects to rebuild the social order in the country. Tischner stated in his analyses that these utopias play a constructive role in the social life because they motivate people to engage in the political struggle for deep system reforms. The article presents the content of Tischner’s reconstruction of Polish utopias from the 1970s and the 1980s and the correlation between social ethics, ideological discussions, and political practice of the declining period of the Polish People’s Republic.

The Idea of Solidarity in the Concept of Man Created in God’s Image

Author(s): Marek Petro / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

Moral theology concerns the morality of society and acts of an individual or a group of individuals that constitute that particular society. Morality teaches us to properly respond to God’s calling, so that we can fulfil our ultimate goal. The Catechism of the Catholic Church, regarded as a compendium of the doctrines of the magisterium of the Church, can also serve as a valuable source for teaching moral theology. In the first section (“Man’s Vocation Life in the Spirit”) of the third part (“Life in Christ”) of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, we can learn that man has been created “in the image and likeness of the Creator” (chap. 1, art. 1), where solidarity plays a significant role. The present paper analyses this issue.

Philosophical Reflection on Ideology against the Backdrop of Józef Tischner’s Thinking

Author(s): Radovan Šoltés / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

Since its beginnings, philosophy has been associated with a critical quest for answers and has rejected biased and uncritical a priori interpretations. Methodic doubt has thus become not only the ever-present method of philosophy, but also a symbol of defiance against every kind of closed-minded and ideological thinking that has a tendency to simplify explanations and adapt reality to its own projections about the said reality. This type of thinking has always been linked to truth claims made by individual power entities. In the past, we have witnessed twists and abuses of ideology with far-reaching political consequences and yet the problem still persists. Each and every situation affected by crisis is a breeding ground for quick, clear and black and white explanations which attract attention and gain support, since they are generally easy to comprehend. This paper introduces a philosophical context of ideological thinking, in which the “will to power” is typical, as reflected upon by many thinkers, among them Józef Tischner who draws from his personal experience with the Communist regime in Poland.

Dignity of the Human Person

Author(s): Adrian Loretan-Saladin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

The Vatican II fundamentally changed the ecclesiastical view towards the human person. Especially in Nostra aetate, Gaudium et spes, and Dignitatis humanae it strengthens the dignity of the human person and personal freedom as base for a world with equal rights for all mankind. Therefore, the council qualified discrimination of all kind as against God’s will. These statements have a huge impact on the necessary further development of theology and canon law.

За автоимунните заболявания на отвореното общество

Author(s): Nikolay Tsenkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Our paper is a comparative analysis of Alexander Dugin's The Fourth Way and Karl Popper's The Open Society. Both works of the two thinkers are viewed as completely concrete (and real) conceptual frameworks, offering two radically different models of perception of the world, the individual and community relations, of the international relations. Our analysis takes into consideration both the internal, that is the “intimate enemies of democracy”, and the new (old) enemies of the open society that “relapse” through the Fourth Way. Our theoretical research is focused on the parallel between the negative starting premises for the functioning of the Open Society – historicism, utopian social engineering, collectivism and chieftainism – studied in relation to the same principles, which, respectively, are the foundation of the Fourth Political Theory. The article also considers another important problem: the thesis, that the internal, autoimmune diseases of the Open Society, are in fact the preconditions, on which the doctrines of its external opponents are based.

Завръщане на монархическия дискурс. Посткомунистическо разколебаване на суверенитета

Author(s): Ivaylo Znepolski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2002

София и чудовищата

Author(s): Jean-Luc Nancy / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2002

Kantowska filozofia transcendentalna. Mariana Massoniusa próba ujęcia krytycyzmu Immanuela Kanta

Author(s): Anna Musioł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

In the article, Anna Musioł, by referring to the assumptions of Marian Massonius’s doctoral dissertation and taking into account the assumptions of his several smaller works, considers Massonius’s approach to the Kantian system of critical philosophy. Analyzing, inter alia, the problem of analytical and synthetic judgments, and a priori synthetic judgments, Musioł addresses the issue of the possibility of pure mathematics. She considers the problem of time and space and analyzes the ways of presenting Kantian antinomies and the theory of cognition developed in the context of idealism and realism as well as the realism of time and space. Additionally, Musioł focuses on the problem of Massonius’s moderate agnosticism and his scientific approach to philosophy. Finally, she proposes an answer to the fundamental question, Why did Massonius, like the early neo-Kantist Liebmann in 1865, challenge a return to Kant (Zurück zu Kant!) and advocate as necessary the development of a critical formula of the a priori forms of the mind?