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THE TYPES OF MURDER IN IRAN LAW AND ITS DIFFERENCE FROM DELIBERATE MURDER.

Author(s): Ali Shahbazi Yousif Ogli / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2011

The murders are divided into deliberate murder, murder because of types of error or carelessness in the Western division of the practical law. There are 4 types of murder are observed in a law of Western countries: premeditated murder, murder on the basis of heart insistence to implement, murder in an ambush and murder of error. The murderer‟s will and intention determined all these murders being deliberate or non-deliberate (carelessness, etc.).The factors of being deliberate or his preparing for crime does not affect the principle of being premeditated or non-premeditated. Non- deliberate or murder because of the types of error is in the range of crimes in foreign law which degrees of fault are took into consideration. Different classifications are made on murder crime in Iran jurisprudence (Fiqh) and law source. The murderer‟s aim and tools which are used in crime are presented in this classification. A well- known and documentary criteria is murderer‟s aim and legal side of this task is also more reliable.

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Eкзистенциалната философия на Eмануел Mуние

Author(s): Deyan Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The philosophy of Emmanuel Mounier, as part of the stream of personalism, incorporates the basics of existentialism, discussed in his book “Existentialist Philosophies: An Introduction”. Mounier divides the existential philosophy into two – Christian and atheist, and agrees with first. In this text we will examine the topics of human subject as a real participant in existence, the secret into being and relationship you and I, which have become the center of existential understandings of Mounier.

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Философски основи на интеграцията и включващото образование на деца със специални образователни потребности

Author(s): Pelagia Terziyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The study directs reader’s attention to the philosophical origin of the integration as a phenomenon. Various philosophical aspects of the integration and the inclusive education of children with special educational needs are being examined. The author clarifies the significance and the role of the axiological approach for overcoming socio-cultural stereotypes about people with disabilities, equality and freedom of choice. Philosophical elaborations for the ethics of life, for the tolerance, ideas for existentialism are being analyzed, because they are exclusively important for understanding the essence of the integration and the inclusive education.

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Изборът между романтична и потребителска любов през призмата на психоанализата

Author(s): Vasil Sivov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

Despite its centrality in the lives of many people, psychoanalysis, with its traditional emphasis on psychosexuality and rationalism, has generally undervalued the importance of love and romance. This study explores the devaluation within psychoanalytic theorizing and the parallel widespread degradation of love in everyday life. The romantic view sees man as striving towards becoming a cohesive self. Development aims at a self which consists of a continuous flow from ambitions to ideals, from a sense of vitality towards goals which are experienced as intrinsically valuable. Mental suffering is the result of the failure of the environment to fulfil the self-object function and the patient’s symptoms are the desperate attempt to fill the vacuum in his depleted self. The ethic is romantic: maturity and mental health consist in the ability to sustain enthusiasm and a sense of meaning.

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Християнски идеи за свободата на човека и нравствения избор според представителите на руската религиозна философия (Ф. Достоевски, Н. Бердяев и Б. Вишеславцев)

Author(s): Kostadin Nushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

Within the framework of this article is made an attempt to mark some important Christian ideas about human freedom and their importance for the formation of some basic positions of Christian ethics on moral self-determination and moral choice. Secondly, the article brings some important philosophical ideas and interpretations of freedom and moral choice of three of the prominent representatives of Russian religious philosophy (F. Dostoevsky, N. Berdyaev and B. Visheslavtsev) who are crucial for the Russian intellectual tradition and philosophical approach to the subject of freedom.

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Изборът на новия Homo creabilis. Изборът между формалното, неформалното и информалното

Author(s): Tanya Zhelyazkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

The choice is an internal battle that stretches the mind of a cross and put it to the test to accept or reject, store or amended. The trend towards personalization of anti-global personal world through individualisation and informalisation of being put people in permanent choice always, everywhere and in everything. Unlike formal and non-formal, informal it is untidy, disorganized, non-situated, uncertified and not even re-supplied and is exchanged. Informal is this essential part of trichotomy formal, nonformal and informal, that the confrontation with the other two leads to the generation of choice since it is based on diversity. Is considered formal, non-formal and informal in Economy, Labour and Surroundings by criteria locatedness, ordering, structuring and sertificationess to illustrate the choices of the new Homo creabilis. The new Homo creabilis has at least two levels of choice: the choice between formal, non-formal and informal to achieve their life goals and needs in the society; or free to choose the field of informal, led by their personal desires, dreams and aspirations to be, is Homo creabilis.

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Размисли върху традицията

Author(s): Nina Ivanova Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The present text discusses the balance between the spirit of Modernity and that of Tradition, analyzing the rejecting of Tradition in the Century of criticism. The author makes an attempt to explain the reasons of the thinkers with a traditionalistic orientation towards all aspects of life, including the religious sphere.

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Преторът – за някои аспекти от неговата дейност

Author(s): Dimitar Mirchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The Roman law has been developed by the judicial protection of personal rights. The following text analyzes the nascency and the development of the Praetor’s institution, his activity related to the organization of the litigation and some other aspects in praetor’s activities, which help for the progress of the private law.

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Християнският възглед за страданията в контекста на библейските идеи за Божественото наказание

Author(s): Konstantin Kovachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article is about the Christian and ethical views of the problem related to the suffering reflected in the light of the Biblical points of view and ideas in terms of God’s Rightness and Punishment.

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Най-новите проекти в съвременната епистемология

Author(s): Vinitziy Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article briefly investigates new approaches in epistemology, focusing on their benefits and deficiencies. These approaches include naturalized epistemology, virtue epistemology, evolutionary epistemology, and memetics. Their reconstructions include a brief introduction to an approach and an assessment part in which the benefits and the deficiencies of the approach are discussed. The conclusion is that, notwithstanding the introduction of innovative components, the new approaches in epistemology cannot resolve radically the problem posed by skepticism.

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Възгледите на Сократ в границите на образователната парадигма

Author(s): Natalia I. Vitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

This article is an attempt to describe Socrates’ views on education. Sought are contemporary dimensions of his teachings in the context of education.

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Thomas Merton – życie z mądrością

Author(s): Małgorzata Poks,Tomasz Markiewka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2018

The year 2018 marks the quinquagenary of Thomas Merton’s death. A wealth of international events has been organized to commemorate this monk, writer, peace and social justice activist, renewer of monastic life, and significant contributor to interreligious dialogue. This issue of the biennial journal "Świat i Słowo” is a Polish contribution to those events. Consisting of two original articles written specifically for this occasion, as well as translations of several important articles that were first published in "The Merton Annual” - a flagship journal of international Merton scholarschip – Thomas Merton – Living with Wisdom pays homage to the versatility and intellectual and artistic accuity of the famous Trappist monk. Foregrounding the trope of wisdom, the articles gathered here present crucial aspects of Thomas Merton’s life and writing.

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Тематични и ценностни модели в образованието по философия

Author(s): Sonya Krancheva,Aneta Tumbeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Teachers need to develop and improve their knowledge to be in favor of the newest methods and ways of teaching. They also need to share their practices both in personal and professional way. This opportunity was given by a new educational forum – a National Conference “Thematic and Value models in Education and Philosophy Teaching”. The event was held in South West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad on May, 10th – 11th, 2019. The organizers of the event were the Faculty of Philosophy from the South-West University and Regional Department of Education in Blagoevgrad. The conference aimed at enriching knowledge of teachers in both schools and universities, as well as giving opportunities for sharing good practices and finding innovative and common solutions of current issues in teaching and learning Philosophy. This was the second conference of the kind and it attracted more participants. There were different sessions in two days based on the humanity in Philosophy, new educational standards, civic education as a new school subject, innovative and modern methods of teaching and how to put films and video materials into practice in teaching. The second day of the conference aimed at new understanding about reason. There were valuable discussion about Religion as a school subject and an interesting article on Axiotopics. The final discussion pointed at the importance of such events finding common ways to deal with problems and presenting innovative methods and achievements which is a challenge for the new forum next year.

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Philosophical Thought of Phan Boi Chau

Author(s): Cao Xuân Long / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Phan Boi Chau (1867 – 1940) was a representative of revolutionary thinkers, revolutionaries, poets and educators of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In his life of ups and downs, he has left many valuable ideas as lessons for the development of the country today. These are the views stemming from the pressing need of history for the fight for the liberation of nation and human; a combination of Eastern and Western cultural thought and Vietnamese cultural tradition; at different stages, his philosophical thought constantly changed and developed.

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How can we broaden Myopic Moral Horizons? The Role of Ethical Gradualism for ‘Moral’ Remapping

Author(s): Silviya Serafimova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

One of the main objectives of this article is to clarify why ‘mapping’ otherness in the era of the Anthropocene is not an axiologically neutral process. This hypothesis is elaborated by demonstrating how the proponents of both radical anthropocentrism and radical eco-centrism rely upon the center-periphery dichotomy when ‘mapping’ what they understand by other in both spatial and moral terms. In this context, I argue that overcoming the negative effects of so-called myopic moral horizons is possible by adopting the principle of ethical gradualism in an interspecies context.

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Някои аспекти от църковното учение за духовната борба въз основа на съчинението на св. Йоан Касиан Римлянин „Събеседвания с отците“

Author(s): Stoyan Chilikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The study focuses on some aspects of the church’s spiritual life, based on the work of St. John Cassian. “Conferences of the Desert Fathers”. The author seeks answers in the writings of the Reverend and the practice of the church about the emergence and overcoming of the confrontation of the Eucharist with asceticism and the Eucharistic spirituality with therapeutic spirituality. Тhe dependence of the ascetic views of Rev. St. John Cassian on Origen and Evagrius of Pontius, who prioritize the fight with passions, purifying the heart and contemplation of the life of the church was studied and analyzed in a discussion manner. For the purpose, were made parallels of the ideas of St. John Cassian’s work with the hymnographic texts of the liturgical tradition and other ascetic writings of the early Byzantine Fathers of the church. The text of the study raises the question of the existence of the therapeutic and eucharistic spirituality of the church separately from each other, as being extrinsic to the Orthodox church spirituality.

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Colonialism, Ethnicity and the Quest for Community Development in Africa

Author(s): Temisanren Ebijuwa / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The aspirations of post-colonial political elites in Africa can be summed up as the quest for development. This quest since independence, involves, in part, the pursuit of a common citizenship, shared nationality and common interests and values, the evolution of which provide the bedrock for mutual co-existence and the commitment of all to the common good. It also involves the establishment of institutions that will guarantee peace, justice, and fairness. However, the process of realizing these goals of broadening the scope of socio-political interactions have been vitiated by our colonial experiences and consequently unleashed certain centrifugal forces that have made the quest for community development in most African states a daunting task.The divisive tendencies of the colonialists created communal identities, which provided a new symbolic and ethnocentric focus for each group where none existed and thus complicated the task of welding diverse elements in each colony into a coherent whole. This became the source of the proliferation of many life threatening conflicts which has impeded the process of community development in Africa. But why has these conflicts persist in spite of the several attempts to meet them? This paper argues that the above account fails because it ignores the values Africans place on human worth given expression in their communal context. The attempt here is to explore South Africa`s indigenous unifying social ethic of Ubuntu in arriving at a humane society that has a participatory value; founded on co-operation, charity, reconciliation and justice rather than the individualism of the West. This paper will, therefore, employ the analytic descriptive method to examine the above in a manner many scholars have ignored in an attempt to develop a viable sense of community in Africa. Hence, it is expected that this paper will initiate a perspective that will challenge extant interpretation of this discourse.

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Академичната автономия в контекста на съвременната университетска идея – философски и правни аспекти

Author(s): Veselina Slavova,Andriyana Andreeva,Darina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The subject of the present paper is academic autonomy as one of the fundamental principles for the functioning of the higher education institutions. The need to examine it is necessitated by changes in public attitudes and the resulting new requirements for higher education institutions. This demands the implementation of a multi-disciplinary (philosophical and legal) approach, through which both the notion of academic autonomy and its relationship with the idea of the university are to be explored. The changed attitudes towards the notion of knowledge, motivated by a number of factors (scientific, political, economic), have an impact on the idea of its free distribution and acquisition. This calls for the creation of new models of higher education and the necessary legal regulation of the relations between the higher education institutions and the state, based on a balance between the freedom and autonomy of the academic community and the state control.

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A Virtue-based Model for Medical Ethics and Practice in Edmund Pellegrino

Author(s): Philemon Ayibo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper deals with the resurgence of interest in virtue ethics in professional ethics, specifically as it applies to Edmund Daniel Pellegrino’s account in medical ethics. Pellegrino investigates in a clear manner the ethical problems of contemporary medicine from a virtue ethics point of view and offers a virtue-based ethic for medicine as an effective tool and a practical guide for confronting the challenges of modern medicine. His account builds on a thesis of the indispensability of virtuous character traits for a sound medical practice. Pellegrino’s virtue ethics offers a plausible and distinctive alternative to utilitarian and Kantian (principle-based) approaches to understanding and evaluating professional roles. It is hoped that our exploration of Pellegrino’s account will underline the place of a virtue ethics in medicine and stimulate a similar inquiry into social welfare, and into other forms of human professions and disciplines.

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Психосоциални и медицински аспекти при проследяване на случай с Lues – норми, забрани и предразсъдъци

Author(s): Milena Dimitrova,Rositsa Doynovska,Dancho Dilkov,Trayanka Grigorova,Galina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Nowadays, syphilis is both a well-known and a forgotten disease, due to the rarer morbidity and higher effectiveness in the treatment of the infection. Despite that, it poses a challenge, one formed out of, on one hand, the work of the multidisciplinary team/APL, a nurse, an infectionist, a psychiatrist, a dermatologist, a psychologist/and, on the other hand, the prejudices and fears of the patient and his relatives. This is due to the fact that it is most commonly a blood-borne or sexually transmitted and can affect all organs in the human body, causing severe, lasting consequences - both physical and psychological in nature. The high variability of symptoms, the possibility of developing the disease in a wide time range after infection, the need for a complex approach to working with patients all lead to difficulties in the diagnosing and timely treatment of syphilis. This article examines in detail a clinical case of newly-diagnosed neurosyphilis – from the doctor's office to the difficult way out of it, trying to answer the question: Is it possible to have a happy ending in a rather strict, stigmatizing society.

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