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Lična odgovornost pod diktaturom

Author(s): Hannah Arendt / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

LIČNA ODGOVORNOST: Moram da vas zamolim da ovaj izraz shvatite kao suprotnost političkoj odgovornosti koju svaka vlast preuzima za dela i nedela svojih prethodnika, a svaki narod za dela i nedela svoje prošlosti. Čovek koji na sebe uzima političku odgovornost uvek će doći do tačke u kojoj će kazati: Vreme je iz zgloba ispalo. Prokleta šala ta, Što sam se rodio da ga nameštam ja! Ali, ovde neću govoriti o toj vrsti odgovornosti. Ona, strogo uzevši, nije lična, a samo metaforički možemo rei da osećamo krivicu za grehe nađih očeva, našeg naroda ili čovečanstva, tj., za dela i nedela koja nismo počinili. Govoreći s moralnog stanovišta, isto je onoliko pogrešno osećati krivicu za nešto što nismo učinili, kao i ne osećati nikakvu krivicu ako smo za nešto doista krivi.

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Od problema prosuđivanja do javne sfere: promišljanje političke teorije Hane Arent

Author(s): Seyla Benhabib / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Prethodno poglavlje u velikoj meri je dospelo do negativnog zaključka: tvrdila sam da je razlika koju Hana Arent pravi između društvenog i političkog domena, a koja je centralno mesto njene kritike modernog društva, neodrživa. Štaviše, fenomenološki esencijalizam po kojem svaka ljudska aktivnost ima odgovarajuće mesto u svetu, takođe bi trebalo odbaciti budući da spaja kategorije njene teorije delovanja sa institucionalnim analizama koje bi se mogle dovesti u pitanje.

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Teorija totalitarizma Hane Arent: preispitivanje

Author(s): Margaret Canovan / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Knjiga Izvori totalitarizma, prvi put objavljena 1951. godine, stvorila je ugled Hane Arent kao političkog mislioca i opravdano se može smatrati ključem za njeno delo, jer tragovi misli koja teži da razume katastrofična iskustva mogu se pratiti do samog središta njenih kasnijih i otvorenije teorijskih spisa. Pola veka posle pojavljivanja ove knjige oživljava se interesovanje za ideju totalitarizma, iako sam pojam ostaje kontroverzan. Mnogo više od nekog tehničkog termina koji upotrebljavaju politikolozi/škinje i istoričari/ke, on je uvek sadržavao u sebi dijagnozu i objašnjenje modernih političkih opasnosti, noseći sa sobom upozorenja i rešenje. U ovom poglavlju će se zastupati teza da je »totalitarizam« kako ga je Hana Arent razumela značio nešto veoma različito od preovlađujućeg smisla tog termina. U poslednjem delu teksta pokušaće se sa preispitivanjem njene teorije.

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Refleksije o načinu dokazivanja Hane Arent

Author(s): Marie-Claire Caloz-Tschopp / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sa nestankom tri carstva-države i sa totalitarnim procesom, dislocirana je država kao institucija, kao stabilan okvir koji, u obliku carstva, osigurava temelj za mogućnost učešća u političkom životu. Zamenjena je državom-nacijom i totalitarnom državom čiji se princip više nije sastojao u tome da bude okvir, već proces pokreta destrukcije. Arentova najpre konstatuje istorijski prekid u okviru carstva-države, a zatim i njegovu transformaciju. Na taj način ističe značenje postojanja države kao okvira koji sadrži politiku. Iako prikazuje težinu prekida okvira države i njegove posledice u vidu pojave miliona osoba bez prebivališta i političke pripadnosti, ona prikazuje i da transformacija u državu-naciju nije rešila problem neophodnosti jednog stabilnog okvira za svako ljudsko biće i za društvo, okvira koji osigurava prebivalište i političku pripadnost i koji sadrži dinamiku političke moći – dominaciju, akciju – kroz koju se istovremeno konstituišu i politički subjekt i javni prostor.

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Pripremanje uobrazilje za odlazak u posetu

Author(s): Lisa Jane Disch / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U ranim spisima o totalitarizmu Arentova, čini se, praktikuje principijelno kontekstualno mišljenje bez objašnjenja o tome kako je ta praksa moguća. Ona opisuje kritičko razumevanje u odsustvu apstraktnih principa kao proces razmatranja pažnje prema neposrednom odgovoru na osobeni događaj, ali ne pokazuje kako neposredno lično iskustvo posebnog fenomena zadobija status suda. Njen odgovor Fegelinu (Voegelin) ukazuje na smer kojim bi je takvo pitanje moglo odvesti, pri čemu primećuje da je »lično iskustvo ... nužno uključeno u istorijsko ispitivanje koje svesno primenjuje imaginaciju kao oruđe kognicije« (»R«, 79).

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Hana Arent: Odabrana bibliografija

Author(s): Obrad Savić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Hannah Arendt: Selected Bibliography

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Moral i kriminal

Author(s): Theodor W. Adorno / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Hajnrih Fišer, priređivač prvog izdanja Morala i kriminala, veli u pogovoru da nijedna Krausova knjiga nije aktuelnija od ove, objavljene pre skoro šezdeset godina. To je sušta istina. Uprkos naklapanju o suprotnom, u osnovi građanskog društva ništa se nije promenilo. Ono se zločesto učaurilo kao da je po prirodnim zakonima večito, kao što je to nekada pozitivno i tvrdilo u svojoj ideologiji. Ono ne dopušta cenjkanje oko okamenjenog srca, bez kojeg nacionalsocijalisti ne bi mogli nesmetano da ubijaju milione, kao ni oko vladavine principa nad ljudima, koji je uzrok tog subjektivnog okamenjenja. Postaje flagrantnom potreba da se kažnjava ono što nije za kažnjavanje.

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Konzervativizam, dekonstrukcija, univerzitet

Author(s): Predrag Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the relation (or the lack thereof) between Derrida and Habermas in the later stages of their thought. Habermas’ buzzword-accusation of postmodern philosophy as being “conservative” is taken as a symptom of misunderstanding, but also, in a sort of recomposition, as a possibility for a different, fruitful understanding of Derrida. Derrida’s anti-sovereignist and, in a sense, anti-political conception of deconstruction, as the resistance-faith and the supreme philosophical loyalty, is presented primarily in its application to the field of reflecting on the institution of the university and its future, as well as – to a lesser extent, and by analogy – to the question of the “new” Europe and its establishment. The affinity here does not appear so close, probable, or even desirable, as it has lately been presented and as it presumably was mutually desired.

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Derrida sa Levinasom. Komentar jednog ogleda

Author(s): Boris R. Bratina / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This text is a part of a broader examination that considers Derrida’s relation to Levinas in his early works. It is particulary focused on “Violence and Metaphysics- an essay on the thought of Emmanuel Levinas”. In the text that I present here I investigate the so-called ontological violence. The main point I claim is that Derrida’s argumentation against Levinas, in spite of its deconstructive\destructive effects, still remains in the manner which was described by Levinas as an empirial nature of western thought. Besides that, I amshowing some indications for posing that there is functional paralelism between Levinas’ doublet face\Other and Derrida’s being\differance. Furthermore, I believe that if we consider all three kinds of violence and other Derrida’s texts, which were written those years, it might be shown that the theory of the Other was used as the transforming model toward the theory of differance. The pattern for this can be seen in Derrida’s degradation of meaning of “face” related to the rank which that concept has for Levinas. So, all this testifies about mutual positive influence, maybe for both of them, at least Levinas remains as his fourth inspiration after 3H (Hegel, Husserl, and Heidegger).

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Globalization and Regulation

Author(s): Josip Kregar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Globalization is usually discussed globally. Different opinions on globalization are usually not based on facts, but on values and political stand. Political ideology is not the only basis for disagreement – for example, American conservatives support globalization, while Croatian conservatives oppose to it. Besides, radical left-wing politicians usually oppose to, rather than support globalization. Analytical division of economy, manufacture, politics, society, culture, standard personality features can explain different views, although we know that such divisions are arbitrary. There are no economic changes. Even though the causes and consequences are to a degree economic, the main implications of changes are social.

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ABORTUS

Author(s): Delila Hasanbegović,Tanja Grabovac / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Pojam abortusa ili pobačaja (lat. abruptio graviditatis) definira se kao spontani ili izazvani prekid trudnoće izbacivanjem ploda prije navršenog 28. tjedna trudnoće. Tema izazvanog abortusa je tema koja se kroz povijest doživljavala kao sasvim uobičajena stavka svakodnevnog života ili pak najgora kontroverza koja direktno pogađa ljudski život. Kao takav, abortus može biti legalan ili ilegalan te se proučava kroz razne aspekte (povijesni, sociološki, kulturološki, pravni, psihološki, moralno-etički, itd.). Iako se povijest abortusa prati još od antičkog doba može se reći kako je pitanje abortusa rodno određeno, te više pogađa žene. Riječ je o djevojkama i ženama koje uglavnom same stoje pod upitnikom abortusa. No, u slučaju Kine i nekih drugih azijskih zemalja, najžalosnija je diskriminacija usmjerena prema još nerođenim djevojčicama gdje se, s obzirom na to da postoji politika jednog djeteta, abortus radi zbog njegovog spola, tj. zbog neželjene ženske djece. U skladu s tim se može argumentirati kako abortus uglavnom pogađa žensku populaciju, bilo da se radi o ženi koja se odluči za abortus ili o ženskom djetetu nad kojim se vrši abortus.

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O SUPROTSTAVLJANJU ZLU SILOM

Author(s): Ivan Aleksandrovič Iljin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Da li bi čovek koji stremi moralnom savršenstvu mogao da se zlu suprotstavi silom i mačem? Da li bi čovek, koji je religiozan i koji prihvata Boga, njegovo svetostvaranje i njegovo mesto u svetu, mogao da se zlu ne suprotstavi mačem i silom? Ovakvo dvojedinito pitanje, podstaklo je sva naša istraživanja. Šta može i šta treba da odgovori na ovo pitanje, ona moralno-blagorodna duša, koja se u svojoj ljubavi kreće ka Bogu i Božjem delovanju na zemlji - da odgovori religiozno ispravno, da odgovori puninom volje na navalu zla koja pridolazi izvana?

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DAVATI SMRT - TAJNE EVROPSKE ODGOVORNOSTI

Author(s): Jacques Derrida / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Jan Patočka u jednom od svojih Jeretičkih ogleda o filozofiji istorije dovodi u odnos tajnu i odgovornost, tačnije misteriju svetog i odgovornost. On ih suprotstavlja, odnosno ističe njihovu heterogenost. Pomalo na način na koji to čini Emanuel Levinas, Patočka upozorava protiv iskustva svetog ili stapajućeg oduševljenja, i to posebno protiv demonske otmice koja bi imala za posledicu, i katkad kao pravi cilj, da izazove neodgovornost, da učini da nestanu smisao ili svest o odgovornosti. Patočka istovremeno razlikuje religiju i demonsku sakralizaciju. Šta je religija? Religija pretpostavlja pristup odgovornosti slobodnog jastva. Ona dakle podrazumeva raskid sa ovom vrstom tajne (jer ovo naravno nije jedina vrsta) koju povezujemo sa sakralnom tajnom i sa onim što Patočka stalno naziva demonskim. Između demonskog, s jedne strane, (onog što brka granice između životinjskog, čovečnog i božanskog i što nije bez srodstva sa mističnim, inicijacijskim, ezoteričnim, tajnom ili svetim) i odgovornosti, s druge, valja praviti razliku. Reč je dakle o tezi o poreklu i suštini religijskog.

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TEMPERAMENTA BELLI: DA LI SE RAT MOŽE KONTROLISATI

Author(s): Michael Howard / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Postoji široko prihvaćeno mišljenje da su kontrola i uzdržavanje strani samoj prirodi rata. O tome govori Klauzevic u uvodnom delu studije O ratu - »Rat je«, piše on, »čin sile kojim primoravamo neprijatelja da prihvati našu volju… Silu prate i neka samonametnuta, jedva primetna ograničenja, poznata kao međunarodno pravo i običaji, ali njima je sila tek neznatno oslabljena... Uvođenje načela umerenosti u teoriju rata nužno vodi u logički apsurd«.

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BIOETHICS, LAW AND AGING - LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF AGING AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

Author(s): Tomislav Nedić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The issue of organ donation and transplantation is, in the first place, an issue of medical excellence of transplantation teams, but also a controversial issue with doubtful bioethical, legal, cultural, religious, and other questions. Since medical research are improving constantly, research in the field of organ transplantation is setting new interesting (bio) ethical and legal questions. According to the last population census, there are approximately one million inhabitants in the Republic of Croatia who are older than 60 years and who are also more likely to be on the organ transplantation candidate’s list than the younger inhabitants, because of the various health problems of the aging process. Also, according to research, the median age of 150 patients on chronic dialysis at the Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek is 65.5 years. Since bioethics is a scientific discipline that studies all issues related to life itself, organ transplantation and aging are some of the crucial fields of the human aspect of bioethics. By connecting these two issues, this chapter aims to expound the main (bio)ethical and legal problems of organ donation and transplantation and put them into the context of the issue of aging in the Republic of Croatia. The main questions that may arise are what the main problems of older people are when it comes to organ donation and transplantation, whether they are aware of them and if there is any kind of age discrimination in the process of organ allocation. The author will try to point out these and other bioethical questions when it comes to aging and organ donation and transplantation, and also set a new scheme of awareness in relation to this issue.

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Pravo i etika - Žene i Jevreji u vatikanskom sistemu pravnih i etičkih vrednosti kroz istoriju u svetlosti teorije definicionizma -

Author(s): Vladimir Umeljić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The author deals with the relationship between the Vatican, through its system of legal and ethical values, to women and Jews. Then the relationship of law and ethics is transferred to the field of modern society, considering the different views of the genocide, some of which are unethical and based on a distinctive conception of genocide in the light of political and ideological needs.

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Socijalna perspektiva ekofeminizma

Author(s): Ivanka Buzov / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Thanks to the feminist movement, women’s civic activism within the environmental movement, and the development of the theoretical discourse of feminism, polyphony developed in relation to contemporary environmental problems, known as ecofeminism or environmental feminism. The ecofeminist ethics is promoted here, based on partnership in its nature, liberated from the dualism of Western intellectual thought and gender bias on woman and nature. The social ecofeminism puts the thesis on the connection between woman and nature in the context of socially constructed patriarchal society, oppression and domination over woman, reinforcing the feminist critique of the patriarchal society, social dominations and hierarchies. It also accepts the basic principle of social ecology according to which domination naturally comes out of man’s domination over man, thus being the primary goal in society. Social ecofeminism connects the domination of woman and nature with race and class domination, and supports a radical opposition to the existing social institutions founded in this domination system. The problem of human inequality and affirmation of social justice is now being regenerated through social drifts of ecofeminism that connects the vision of gender, class, race and liberation of all those who do not fit the common social normality norms with affirmation of degraded and inferior space of in human nature.

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Bilje, raslinje, ne–umlje: Lutonjica Toporko i devet župančića u optici ekofeminističkog novorođenja

Author(s): Lada Čale Feldman / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In an epoch in which life on earth is threatened by drastic outcomes of our neglect of the nature, it is worth reminding ourselves to what extent fairy tales as a genre can be considered a full–blown »ecologic niche of the culture« (cfr. Marjanic 2006). The same holds for the opus of Ivana Brlic–Mazuranic, although that aspect of her opus got somewhat scarce treatment. Her tale »Lutonjica Toporko and nine county ruler’s sons« was rarely interpreted, its ecological »message« mentioned only in passing remarks. This article draws attention to its unexplored archetypal bases, both in psychoanalytic and folkloristic perspective, and discusses its worth for eco–feminist ideas on civilizational re–birth that are nowadays promoted in the philosophical work of French philosopher Luce Irigaray.

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Analysis of the Needs and Support to Civilian Victims of War

Author(s): Emina Bužinkić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Our war and post-war experience has been marked with terrible and widespread sufferings of civilians. As one of the central questions in dealing with the past and peace-building processes in the Croatian society, we ask ourselves how we can offer adequate support and contribute to providing justice and reparations to civilian victims of war. In doing this, we create and support research, analytical, educational and public political activities, but also methods of direct support to civilian victims of war. Compensations and reparations to victims are one of the key elements of transitional justice. They enable victims to receive public recognition of their suffering and compensation for the endured pain, humiliation and losses. By setting up reparations programs, the state implements a system of respecting human rights and answers the needs of victims as one of the most endangered social groups, groups in constant risk of social exclusion and bad socio-economic situation. The state is obliged to deliver justice and ensure their citizens full respect of human rights, and victims have the right to protection and safety. Reparations come in many forms, from legal mechanisms through symbolic and material reparations to group or individual reparations programs. According to the resolution Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, civilian victims of war have the right to adequate, efficient and timely reparation.

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Analiza potreba i podrška civilnim žrtvama rata

Author(s): Emina Bužinkić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Naše je ratno i poslijeratno iskustvo obilježeno teškim i brojnim stradanjima civila. Kao jedno od središnjih pitanja suočavanja s prošlošću i izgradnje mira u hrvatskom društvu postavljamo si pitanje kako pružiti odgovarajuću podršku civilnim stradalnicima te doprinijeti ostvarenju pravednosti i obeštećenja civilnih žrtava rata. Na tom putu kreiramo i podupiremo istraživačke, analitičke, obrazovne i aktivnosti javnog političkog djelovanja, ali i metode neposredne podrške civilnim žrtvama rata. Ovim tekstom željeli bismo ćitatelje/ice iz organizacija za ljudska prava i drugih organizacija i inicijativa iz civilnoga društva upoznati s našim djelovanjem posljednjih godina putem nekoliko primjera iz prakse koji sveobuhvatno nastoje unaprijediti položaj civilnih žrtava rata u ostvarenju njihova prava na odgovarajuće obeštećenje.

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