Emické vnímanie úžery v segregovaných rómskych osadách na východnom Slovensku

Author(s): Tomáš Hrustič / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Materiál pre túto štúdiu som získal počas stacionárneho terénneho výskumu v segregovanej rómskej osade na východnom Slovensku v rokoch 2005 – 2006. Tento výskum síce nebol zameraný primárne na ekonomické a finančné správanie, avšak pri celkovej každodennej etnografii v danej komunite som sa pochopiteľne nevyhol ani iným témam, z ktorých – vzhľadom na chudobu a úsilie vyžiť z minima – bola kľúčová práve téma finančného správania sa. A keďže obyvatelia tejto rómskej osady neustále zápasili s konštantným nedostatkom financií, požičiavanie si, často na vysoký úrok, bolo pre mnohých každomesačnou realitou. Moju analýzu opieram najmä o výskum z tejto konkrétnej osady, no počas nasledujúcich rokov a výskumov som sa s fenoménom úžery parciálne stretával ďalej aj v iných lokalitách, čo mi umožnilo reflektovať mechanizmy úžery aj v širšej rovine.

DAVATI SMRT - TAJNE EVROPSKE ODGOVORNOSTI

Author(s): Jacques Derrida / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Jan Patočka u jednom od svojih Jeretičkih ogleda o filozofiji istorije dovodi u odnos tajnu i odgovornost, tačnije misteriju svetog i odgovornost. On ih suprotstavlja, odnosno ističe njihovu heterogenost. Pomalo na način na koji to čini Emanuel Levinas, Patočka upozorava protiv iskustva svetog ili stapajućeg oduševljenja, i to posebno protiv demonske otmice koja bi imala za posledicu, i katkad kao pravi cilj, da izazove neodgovornost, da učini da nestanu smisao ili svest o odgovornosti. Patočka istovremeno razlikuje religiju i demonsku sakralizaciju. Šta je religija? Religija pretpostavlja pristup odgovornosti slobodnog jastva. Ona dakle podrazumeva raskid sa ovom vrstom tajne (jer ovo naravno nije jedina vrsta) koju povezujemo sa sakralnom tajnom i sa onim što Patočka stalno naziva demonskim. Između demonskog, s jedne strane, (onog što brka granice između životinjskog, čovečnog i božanskog i što nije bez srodstva sa mističnim, inicijacijskim, ezoteričnim, tajnom ili svetim) i odgovornosti, s druge, valja praviti razliku. Reč je dakle o tezi o poreklu i suštini religijskog.

BIOETHICS, LAW AND AGING - LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF AGING AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

Author(s): Tomislav Nedić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The issue of organ donation and transplantation is, in the first place, an issue of medical excellence of transplantation teams, but also a controversial issue with doubtful bioethical, legal, cultural, religious, and other questions. Since medical research are improving constantly, research in the field of organ transplantation is setting new interesting (bio) ethical and legal questions. According to the last population census, there are approximately one million inhabitants in the Republic of Croatia who are older than 60 years and who are also more likely to be on the organ transplantation candidate’s list than the younger inhabitants, because of the various health problems of the aging process. Also, according to research, the median age of 150 patients on chronic dialysis at the Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek is 65.5 years. Since bioethics is a scientific discipline that studies all issues related to life itself, organ transplantation and aging are some of the crucial fields of the human aspect of bioethics. By connecting these two issues, this chapter aims to expound the main (bio)ethical and legal problems of organ donation and transplantation and put them into the context of the issue of aging in the Republic of Croatia. The main questions that may arise are what the main problems of older people are when it comes to organ donation and transplantation, whether they are aware of them and if there is any kind of age discrimination in the process of organ allocation. The author will try to point out these and other bioethical questions when it comes to aging and organ donation and transplantation, and also set a new scheme of awareness in relation to this issue.

Pravo i etika - Žene i Jevreji u vatikanskom sistemu pravnih i etičkih vrednosti kroz istoriju u svetlosti teorije definicionizma -

Author(s): Vladimir Umeljić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The author deals with the relationship between the Vatican, through its system of legal and ethical values, to women and Jews. Then the relationship of law and ethics is transferred to the field of modern society, considering the different views of the genocide, some of which are unethical and based on a distinctive conception of genocide in the light of political and ideological needs.

Socijalna perspektiva ekofeminizma

Author(s): Ivanka Buzov / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Thanks to the feminist movement, women’s civic activism within the environmental movement, and the development of the theoretical discourse of feminism, polyphony developed in relation to contemporary environmental problems, known as ecofeminism or environmental feminism. The ecofeminist ethics is promoted here, based on partnership in its nature, liberated from the dualism of Western intellectual thought and gender bias on woman and nature. The social ecofeminism puts the thesis on the connection between woman and nature in the context of socially constructed patriarchal society, oppression and domination over woman, reinforcing the feminist critique of the patriarchal society, social dominations and hierarchies. It also accepts the basic principle of social ecology according to which domination naturally comes out of man’s domination over man, thus being the primary goal in society. Social ecofeminism connects the domination of woman and nature with race and class domination, and supports a radical opposition to the existing social institutions founded in this domination system. The problem of human inequality and affirmation of social justice is now being regenerated through social drifts of ecofeminism that connects the vision of gender, class, race and liberation of all those who do not fit the common social normality norms with affirmation of degraded and inferior space of in human nature.

Bilje, raslinje, ne–umlje: Lutonjica Toporko i devet župančića u optici ekofeminističkog novorođenja

Author(s): Lada Čale Feldman / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In an epoch in which life on earth is threatened by drastic outcomes of our neglect of the nature, it is worth reminding ourselves to what extent fairy tales as a genre can be considered a full–blown »ecologic niche of the culture« (cfr. Marjanic 2006). The same holds for the opus of Ivana Brlic–Mazuranic, although that aspect of her opus got somewhat scarce treatment. Her tale »Lutonjica Toporko and nine county ruler’s sons« was rarely interpreted, its ecological »message« mentioned only in passing remarks. This article draws attention to its unexplored archetypal bases, both in psychoanalytic and folkloristic perspective, and discusses its worth for eco–feminist ideas on civilizational re–birth that are nowadays promoted in the philosophical work of French philosopher Luce Irigaray.

Analysis of the Needs and Support to Civilian Victims of War

Author(s): Emina Bužinkić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Our war and post-war experience has been marked with terrible and widespread sufferings of civilians. As one of the central questions in dealing with the past and peace-building processes in the Croatian society, we ask ourselves how we can offer adequate support and contribute to providing justice and reparations to civilian victims of war. In doing this, we create and support research, analytical, educational and public political activities, but also methods of direct support to civilian victims of war. Compensations and reparations to victims are one of the key elements of transitional justice. They enable victims to receive public recognition of their suffering and compensation for the endured pain, humiliation and losses. By setting up reparations programs, the state implements a system of respecting human rights and answers the needs of victims as one of the most endangered social groups, groups in constant risk of social exclusion and bad socio-economic situation. The state is obliged to deliver justice and ensure their citizens full respect of human rights, and victims have the right to protection and safety. Reparations come in many forms, from legal mechanisms through symbolic and material reparations to group or individual reparations programs. According to the resolution Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, civilian victims of war have the right to adequate, efficient and timely reparation.

Analiza potreba i podrška civilnim žrtvama rata

Author(s): Emina Bužinkić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Naše je ratno i poslijeratno iskustvo obilježeno teškim i brojnim stradanjima civila. Kao jedno od središnjih pitanja suočavanja s prošlošću i izgradnje mira u hrvatskom društvu postavljamo si pitanje kako pružiti odgovarajuću podršku civilnim stradalnicima te doprinijeti ostvarenju pravednosti i obeštećenja civilnih žrtava rata. Na tom putu kreiramo i podupiremo istraživačke, analitičke, obrazovne i aktivnosti javnog političkog djelovanja, ali i metode neposredne podrške civilnim žrtvama rata. Ovim tekstom željeli bismo ćitatelje/ice iz organizacija za ljudska prava i drugih organizacija i inicijativa iz civilnoga društva upoznati s našim djelovanjem posljednjih godina putem nekoliko primjera iz prakse koji sveobuhvatno nastoje unaprijediti položaj civilnih žrtava rata u ostvarenju njihova prava na odgovarajuće obeštećenje.

THE ONTOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SCIENTIFIC THEORIES AND TECHNICAL, ETHICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS

Author(s): Giuseppe Boscarino / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

What I discuss in my paper is the following: Does science deal only with facts? Does ethics deal only with values? It is shown as, in the science progressive working, what is, what has to be, what can be, and what ought to be are interconnected. The rationalistic and humanistic tradition about the way to make science and to teach it can establish a modern progressive education.

Трансформацията на българската мечта

Author(s): Boyan Durankev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Historically, the manifestations of Bulgarian dreams are analyzed. Consider the extent to which endogenous and exogenous factors and conditions allowed dreams to come true. The Bulgarian dream for honest labor, creativity and life in their homeland was established back in time – more than 1300 years ago. During all the distinct periods (from internal and external conditions and factors), this dream has undergone substantial alternations, however, not in its roots. My generation has experienced two signifi cant changes to our dream. The fi rst distinct period began in the distant 1945 when the dream was to ensure the livelihood, health and education of all Bulgarian citizens through the system of socio-economic planning in Bulgaria and in the CMEA. Society and the economy were systems, whether, businesses and people – inseparable elements of these systems. The second distinct period began in 1990 when the creation of the „Common European Home“ began on the basis of the „decomposition of the planned economy“ and the affi rmation of freedom of personality and human rights. During this second period, the European countries, Bulgaria, and the individual economic agents were placed in a competitive environment – „whatever you do, you do it for yourself.“ Society and the economy have become clusters in which the horizontal ties (seemingly) were dominant. Both, the first and the second, periods possessed their merits and defi ciencies, which suggests that potentially the Bulgarian dream has to redefi ne its format, as well as, its content.

Bachelard i melancholia. Cień Schopenhauera w filozofii Gastona Bachelarda

Author(s): Jean Libis / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

„Nekad smo bili komšije”: dinamika odnosa počinilac‒žrtva u Bosni

Author(s): Arne Johan Vetlesen / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Genocid se definira kao zločin par excellence, najgore što čovjek može uraditi drugom čovjeku u smislu prava i morala. I opet, od Aušvica do Kambodže i od Ruande do Srebrenice, od jedne epohe i kulture do druge, počinilac genocida insistira da je njegov cilj pobjeda dobrog nad zlim te da je stoga moral na njegovoj strani. Ono što vanjski svijet može osuditi kao pogrešno i zlo oslikano je kao suprotno, jer radnje koje se moraju poduzeti da bi se osiguralo ono što je istinski vrijedno nadjačat će sve ono što mu prijeti. Ubijanje je predstavljeno kao legitimna samoodbrana, te želja da se u tome ne učestvuje kao moralni pad, izdaja grupe kojoj pripada i čija je budućnost u pitanju. [...]

INTERMEZZO: RECURSUL LA METODĂ: URÂTUL, DE LA BAU-BAU, LA SHREK. ȚIGANIADA, O NOUĂ CUNOAȘTERE/RECUNOAȘTERE

Author(s): Vasile Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We have selected some revealing quotes for the evolution and involution of the aesthetics of the ugly (as Evil), always associated with the barbarian, the savage, the primitive. The selection took into account the paradigmatic moments of history and the radical changes that took place. The preoccupation of the Baroque, as a refinement of man (Christian), was the pedagogical distinction between animalitas and humanitas, between biological and cultural, the search for unity between the physical and metaphysical aspect of man, between the civilization of the word (writing) and the primitivism of orality (voice). The Baroque foreshadowed the emergence of a new model of reference to universal values and national specificity, as Freedom, even if still opposed to libertinism and anarchy, and in Enlightenment and Modernity

Posthümanizm, Tıp ve Biyoetik İlişkisi

Author(s): Sadık Toprak / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Transhümanizm ve posthümanizm insanın şu andaki halinden farklılaşacağını, bir tür evrimleşmenin meydana geleceğini iddia etmektedir. Bu evrimleşmenin ise aşamalı olacağı, transhümanizmin sonunda, kaçınılmaz olarak, posthümanizme ulaşacağı bazı transhümanistlerce iddia edilmektedir (Ferrando 2013). Aşağıda örneklerle açıklandığı üzere, söz konusu değişimin anahtarı ise biyoteknolojidir. Biyoteknoloji; bilim ve teknolojinin, insan üzerindeki uygulamalarının birleşme noktası olarak kabul edilebilir (Ferrando 2013).

War Psychology and the Military Moral Dilemmas

Author(s): Cristian Dobre / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones.

Medya Etiği ve Eğitim Bağlamında Güncel Bir Çocuk Hakları İhlali: Sharenting Davranışı

Author(s): Burcu Akkaya / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Sharenting, which means sharing sensitive content about children on online platforms, primarily on social media, is the focus of this research. Although it is mostly carried out by parents, it is seen that the child's relatives, peers, and education staff working at the school where he/she is studying also exhibit this behavior. Sharenting; it is an issue that needs to be discussed in school life as well as in private life, as it carries some risks regarding the child's safety, mental health, privacy and private life as a human being before anything else. In this study, sharenting was examined in the context of ethics, media ethics and education. Also sharenting; it has been examined through the lens of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and it has been tried to determine which of the child's rights (living, developmental, protection and participation) which are clearly expressed in the convention, are divided into four basic dimensions. Accordingly, sharenting; it violates a total of 17 articles of the CRC in all right dimensions, mostly in the dimension of protection rights. The issue of whether sharenting is ethical or unethical is ambiguous as it varies according to the underlying ethical theory.

Çalışma Yaşamında Bilgi Uçurma (Whistleblowing)

Author(s): Gül Bilen / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Whistleblowing is defined as the conscious revealing and disclosure of unethical or criminal situations occurring within the organization by the member or members of the organization (Cross and Tiller, 1998). The concept of whistleblowing has gained importance with the emergence of scandals in large and powerful enterprises, institutions and organizations, especially in recent years. Organization members who engage in whistleblowing behavior may naturally conflict with their organizations, other organization members and managers and remain silent. In this silence, unjust, unfair and illegal situations in the organization can become widespread (Near and Miceli, 2013). Therefore, whistleblowing is protected by different laws in different countries in order to support the members of the organization to take action without hesitation (Kaptein, 2011). However, in order for whistleblowing to be implemented and carried out effectively in the organization, the members of the organization must know the internal politics and ethical rules well and be knowledgeable and conscious about this issue (Miceli and Near, 1992). As a result, the concept of whistleblowing is an extremely important concept in terms of revealing unfair and erroneous situations in organizations and ensuring justice within the organization. However, members of the organization must be careful and act in accordance with the law when deciding whether or not to engage in whistleblowing. In this book chapter, information about the emergence of the concept of whistblowing, its reasons and its importance in terms of working life will be given.

Ne moraš činiti sve što čine drugi

Author(s): Berminka Hrelja Bećirspahić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Damir je i ovo jutro ustao kasno. Dugo se budio. Pogled mu pade na harmoniku. Kako ju je nekada samo volio. - Hoćeš doručkovati? – pita ga majka. - Pusti me – odgovara Damir ljutito oblačeći jaknu i patike. Laganim korakom izlazi iz zgrade. Zastaje i razmišlja. U školu svakako više ne ide. U tri škole je pokušao. I ništa. On je za to najmanje kriv. Kada god bi krenuo u školu, neko je naišao da ga odgovori taj dan.

Slušam te, čujem te

Author(s): Sead Gazibegović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Proces komunikacije se odvija verbalno i neverbalno. Počinje kada se jedna osoba obraća drugoj zbog potrebe da nešto iskomunicira i podijeli. Čovjekova sposobnost da komunicira riječima razlikuje ga od ostalih živih bića jer se komuniciranjem čovjek prepoznaje, idenitificira i oblikuje svoju civilizaciju. Komunikacija se sastoji od dva dijela: govora i slušanja. Ljudi su uglavnom okupirani govorom i ne razmišljaju o slušanju.

Univerzalna etika i lokalno obrazovanje za mir

Author(s): Nerzuk Ćurak / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Rukopis „Priručnik svjetskog etosa za osnovne škole“ zaslužuje visoko mjesto u produkciji literature koju vrijednosno i spoznajno smještamo u registar interkulturnog razumijevanja i educiranja za mir. U odnosu na druge škole mišljenja i djelovanja, a u svrhu izgradnje boljeg i pravednijeg društva, ovo interdisciplinarno štivo utemeljeno na aksiologiji etosa kao imanenciji našeg ljudskog bivstvovanja kroz geografiju historije, iskazuje jednu naročitu dimenziju, jer se priručnik zasniva, ne na bilo kojoj redukcionističkoj ideologiji obećanja sreće, već na univerzalizirajućem etičkom imperativu izniklom iz učenja Hansa Künga o našem zajedničkom ljudskom etosu koji je u nama, sa nama i prije nas. A kada to već jeste tako, kada je univerzalni etos tako ljudski, s onu stranu kulture nasilja, laži i opresije kao entiteta neljudskosti, njegovo proučavanje i poučavanje kroz izborno pozicioniranje unutar obrazovnog procesa u četiri federalna kantona, te diseminacija dobrog ljudskog etosa na našu djecu poduhvat je vrijedan recenzijske podrške i aktivne afirmacije.