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From Revolution to Catastrophe

Author(s): Ralph Cintron / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2015

This essay describes catastrophe and revolution as distinctive events and tropes in the modernist imaginary. Revolution in particular has been associated with social change and temporal advancement toward a better future that seems to be constitutive of managerial modernity. Both the political left and economic right have subscribed to revolution, but it is the free marketers through figures such as Joseph Schumpeter and his analyses of creative destruction as revolution that has displaced the Marxist tradition. The result is that the utopianism of a political future has moved offstage, meaning that all politics today (including democracy) is a species of oligarchy. Social change through revolution, then, is no longer a substantive proposition but more of an improvisation within oligarchic rule. Hence, catastrophic events have more potential for social change than revolution, but even these often act more like economic stimulus programs. Nevertheless, there is always a texturing, a braiding, of contrary elements inside any hegemonic rule. Consequently, outcomes and futures cannot be determined.

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Filozofija i tehnika

Author(s): Heda Festini / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2003

From the beginnings of philosophy, the problem of a method has a double meaning/level- it was every sort of research, and, at the same time, special research. In philosophy, second meaning was prevalent - every research was a proposition for a method, but in science such a method could be, at the same, a new theory. Consequently, the method is a general instruction for some technique. Techne, ars, technology ... are the principles of using the knowledge, i.e. general instructions for directing human activities, and could be divided on rational and magic, i.e. religious technique, the former more distinctively into symbolic, technique of behaviour and technology of production (Abbagnano). The solutions for the critique of science as a stetement of anti-technology are offered as follows: l) the call for a renewal of spiritual life and retum to precedent stages of development; 2) Husserl's call for intelligent behaviour; 3) Heidegger's quietistic reconcilation and waiting for something; 4) Abbagnano's searching for new corrective techniques. The author is pleading for the last solution, by intensifying it with a help of aporetic question: atomic bomb in World War II - yes or no? The answer is included in a fact that scientific research should not, and could not be stopped by any kind of principles. Bioethics too, could function as a corrective technique (Čatić), but it, as well as philosophy, should be directed towards politics and management, and not against science and technology.

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Scientific Consensus, Public Perception and Religious Beliefs

Author(s): Mihai A. Gîrţu,Tudor Cosmin Ciocan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Starting from the recent public debate over global warming we discuss the scientific consensus and public perception on climate issues. We then turn to the ongoing debate on diets and nutrition, comparing scientific perspectives, public views and religious standpoints.

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Психологията като корпоративна техника на управляемост. Как „грижата за себе си“ се обръща срещу „себе си“

Author(s): Milena Yakimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

This paper develops the argument that Foucauldian genealogy is marked by a stronganti-representationalism that is most constantly visible in what Foucault, borrowingfrom Nietzsche, calls a “tragic structure”: the mode of constitution of a self throughan act of exclusion which by the same token is rendered unavailable, thus renderingthe self-constitution also unavailable. Then the practical effects of the care of the selfas an anti-representational critical strategy are traced demonstrating how care of theself interweaves with risk calculations, insurance marketing and therapeutic techniquesknitting a psychological technology of governmentality.

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Antiteologija novoga događaja

Author(s): Žarko Paić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10+12/2015

Jezici u kojima je riječ »novo« sinonimom bezuvjetnoga raskida s tradicijom u metafizičkim su temeljima dovoljno »stari« da bi imali mogućnosti istinskoga kazivanja tog imperativa vremena. Kao da umjesto njih o našem vremenu bolje govori ono neljudsko iz sklopa kibernetičke tehnologije. Programski jezici računalstva zasnovani na binarnome kôdu postali su nadmoćni simboličkoj snazi »prirodnih« jezika. Štoviše, čini se da su u svojoj zastarjelosti osuđeni na ono isto što je suvremeni francuski filozof Alain Badiou namijenio filozofiji. Da je, naime, njezina sudbina postati izložbenim »predmetom« u muzeju ukoliko ne uspije otvoriti mogućnosti nadilaženja ove epohe. A ta epoha od 19. Stoljeća za svoje presudne pojmove ima znanost, politiku i umjetnost.

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Tijelo i tekst: genealogija praksi razdvajanja

Author(s): Dušan Ristić,Dušan Marinković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/139/2015

In this paper we are identifying transformations from individualization and localization of practices over a specific corporeality to collective political practices over the body-population. In this way we take a genealogical approach to the problem of the erosion of paleosymbolism and the occurrence of discursivity of the body through the discontinuity of the body and text. In the processes of the general social deritualization – primarily of public communication, which signifies the rationalization of the Western society, at the end of the 18th century, occurred new forms of utterances: medical, psychiatric, legal, pedagogical, psychological, which were grouped into text/knowledge/power. With reference to Foucault’s analytics of power, we analyse deritualization of the practices of uttering that occurred in parallel with the changes within the practices of punishment and that includes the new technology and mechanisms of power over the human bodies. In the paper we conclude that the same matrices of texts and practices that were earlier constructed for concrete, individual bodies will be applied to the new body – society.

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Contemporary law - plurality, complexity and transdisciplinary

Author(s): Valentin-Stelian Bădescu / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

This article attempts to cap the contemporary law issues analyzed multidisciplinary author previous other materials through innovative approaches, the proposed solutions, the originality of the research scientific, regarded even by right relationships with ethics and aesthetics but also the specifics of their interaction. The material is structured main themes and overall guidance to the problem we distinguish between original law in general and contemporary law between domestic law and international law. Broadly, there are two conceptions, the one hand,a conception transcendental or iusnaturalist, which sees as the expression of universal principles and timeless, and, on the other hand, a conception positivistic and instrumental, which sees as a technical pure, neutral and empty of meaning. However, from an ethical and aesthetic perspective on contemporary law characterized by plurality, complexity and transdisciplinarity

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On sexuality, carnality and desire: philosophical reflections on the film The Monk

Author(s): Natalia Anna Michna,Dominika Czakon,Paulina Tendera / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The eighteenth‑century English writer matthew Gregory Lewis wrote one of the most dramatic Gothic novels, The Monk; over 200 years later, a film of the same name appeared, based on the novel and directed by dominik Moll. The film, a free adaptation of the book, presenting the story of the moral downfall of the monk Ambrosio, has inspired us to philosophical re‑flections on sexuality, carnality and physical desire. In the context of these issues we have attempted to analyse and interpret this cinematic work of art. The method we have adopted is based on a thorough discussion on the topics developed in the film and related issues. This method, while not pre‑tending to scientific objectivity, enables us to outline an interesting field of research as well as to identify a number of theoretical problems and ques‑tions which remain open.The formula we have adopted is to quote lines from the film The Monk which permit the analysis of selected issues related to sexuality, carnality and physical desire. Moreover, these quotes serve to order the text and en‑able the precise identification of interpretive trains of thought.

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Legum omnes servi sumus, ut liberi esse possimus

Author(s): Arūnas Acus / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 02/2014

Review of: Arūnas Acus - " Legum omnes servi sumus, ut liberi esse possimus" by Cicero "Pro Cluentio" 2014 metais baigėsi Europos socialinio fondo finansuotas projektas „Kriminalinės justicijos recepcija visuomenėje“. Vienas šio projekto rezultatų yra monografija Kriminalinės justicijos supratimas visuomenėje (išleista Vilniaus universiteto leidyklos lietuvių ir anglų kalbomis), kurios analizuojamų problemų ratas atliepia šiuolaikinės Lietuvos visuomenės kriminalinės justicijos vertinimo poreikį. Knyga yra aktuali ne tik mokslininkams, bet ir Lietuvos visuomenei.

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Czy dialog sokratejski może być konstruktywistyczny?

Author(s): Jacek Moroz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2015

Socratic method seems very interesting and attractive conception of the inquiry to knowledge. Teacher applying this method promote independence and self-reliance in the classroom, while his role is reduced to facilitate the learning process only. Besides, Socrates’s method is based on definitely an analytical approach to knowledge. In article I suggest that Socratic method, because of these characteristics, can be identified with constructivist approach to learning. At the same time I advance the thesis that mentioned method, as a historical and philosophical category, should not be confused with constructivism.

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«ИСКРЕННЕЕ ПРИНОШЕНИЕ СВОБОДНОГО ХУДОЖНИКА НА АЛТАРЬ БРАЧНОГО СОЮЗА С ТРУДОВЫМ ГОСУДАРСТВОМ»:

Author(s): Tatiana Aleksandrovna Kruglova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2013

The article studies the historical and theoretical background of qualification of the Soviet composer S. Prokofiev as a conformist. The biography of the composer reveals the strategies ensuring success and domination in the field of the soviet culture. In term of methodology the article is grounded on the conception of Pierre Bourdieu of appropriation and redistribution of the power in the field of art. The conformist strategy is understood as a type of exchange between the artist and the power producing the symbolic capital. The article also defines the conditions and the sources of the symbolic capital of S. Prokofiev in the Stalinist epoch.

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Ethical Considerations on the Integration of Technology in Social Work Practice for Enhancing Resilience and Promoting Transformative Action

Author(s): Mihaela Tomiță,Diana Biriș,Claudia Feher / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Technology integration in social work practice has become increasingly prevalent, offering new avenues to enhance resilience and promote transformative action. However, careful consideration of ethical implications is crucial to ensure that the benefits of technology are maximized while minimizing potential risks and inequities. Social workers must actively engage in developing ethical frameworks and guidelines that balance the transformative potential of technology with the protection of individual rights, privacy, and social justice. Our paper provides an overview of ethical implications associated with using technology in social work practice. Drawing upon a systematic review of relevant literature published between 2019 and 2023, our study highlights key ethical considerations, identifying potential challenges. Three major ethical themes arose: client privacy and confidentiality, professional boundaries, and equitable access to technology. Regarding client privacy and confidentiality, safeguarding sensitive client information and ensuring secure data transmission are crucial concerns. Ethical guidelines and standards should be updated and social workers should possess the necessary knowledge and skills to implement appropriate privacy and security measures. Professional boundaries are another critical ethical consideration when incorporating technology in social work. Online platforms, social media, and virtual communities blur the boundaries between personal and professional lives, demanding heightened vigilance to maintain objectivity, professionalism, and appropriate relationships with clients. Clear ethical guidance should be provided on the use of social media, online self-disclosure, and dual relationships to prevent potential harm to clients and protect professional integrity. Equitable access to technology is an ethical issue of social justice. Disparities in access to technology must be considered by social workers, requiring proactive efforts in order to bridge the digital divide and prevent further marginalization. To address these challenges, continuous professional development and ethical supervision should equip social workers with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of technology integration while upholding ethical standards.

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Defining Second-Order Desert

Author(s): Beşir Özgür Nayır / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Philosophers who work on desert-adjustment within axiology often articulate the concept of desert as follows: x deserves y on the basis of z. This formulation allows for a focused examination that encompasses deservers, deservings, and desert bases. I call this first-order desert. This paper posits that axiology grounded solely in first-order desert fails to adequately capture our nuanced intuitions concerning desert. I contend that to construct an axiology that more effectively aligns with our desert-sensitive intuitions, we must incorporate considerations of second-order desert. Second-order desert is defined as follows: x deserves to live a life in which x deserves y on the basis of z. Initially, I provide a definition of first-order desert, followed by an elucidation of second-order desert. Subsequently, I explore various counter-arguments against my proposition. I defend my proposal against potential counter-arguments, demonstrating that a desert-adjusted axiological theory will be significantly better-off by incorporating second-order desert considerations.

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Levinas and Kant: Right, Law, and the Other

Author(s): Richard A. Cohen / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2024

Beyond the deep affinities linking Immanuel Kant’s declared “primacy of practical reason” and Emmanuel Levinas’s “ethics as first philosophy,” these thinkers radically diverge, as do modern rationalism and contemporary phenomenology. The paper shows that Kant, despite his declaration, continues to give primacy to epistemology and reason, as evidenced by the supreme status of law – both in nature, to be sure, and in the autonomy of rational selflegislation. This contrasts with Levinas who recognizes as “original right” a moral imperative more exigent than the rule of law, emanating from the alterity or face of the other person. Such original right orders the self pre-originally or “an-archically” to a moral responsibility to and for the other person before all else. In this way, Levinas, in contrast to Kant, understands the source of intelligibility – including the rationality of logic and science – in and as the goodness of the priority of moral obligation.

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Kaip mūsąjį teisingumo ir atsakomybės supratimą sąlygoja karo diskursas?

Author(s): Danutė Bacevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2024

This article explores how our understanding of justice and responsibility is shaped by the discourse of war. It begins by highlighting the impotence of the United Nations and other international peacekeeping organisations in the wake of Russia’s war in Ukraine, demonstrating the failure of the “humanitarian turn” in international law and politics. Drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the law of war, René Girard’s description of the genesis of the legal system, and Emmanuel Levinas’s “law of being”, the author examines the relationship between violence and law, distinguishing two variations of justice: justice as the victor’s justice and justice as the principle of retribution. By discussing the relationship with the Other, the author shows that war destroys not only the otherness of the Other but also one’s own identity, which, in its turn, implies a kind of reciprocity of forces in which, ultimately, no interpersonal relationship remains. The paper argues that the sense of injustice and the demand for justice arise from a much deeper source than the sphere of law and politics. Through an analysis of Emmanuel Levinas’s and Paul Ricœur’s notions of responsibility, it is shown that the relationship between justice and responsibility allows us to conceive of justice as an effort to reconcile two incommensurable demands: equality and proximity to the Other. A comparison of Levinas’s and Ricœur’s positions reveals how the radical (Levinas) and moderate (Ricœur) concepts of the Other are defined in relation to the discourse of war: the radical otherness of the Other implies the irrevocable responsibility of the self, while the moderate otherness of the Other implies responsibility in the form of resistance to the aggressor.

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Liberal Theories and Ecological Justice: Proposing a Non-Hierarchical Framework

Author(s): A. K. Ajeesh / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2024

This article explores the evolving discourse on environmental justice, calling for a more inclusive and interconnected approach that recognizes the deep ties between humans, communities, and the natural world. Traditional environmental justice frameworks, which focus on fairness in the distribution of environmental benefits and harms, have been criticized by marginalized groups, feminist thinkers, and environmental ethicists for being too narrow and centered on human interests. Liberal ecological theories, including those from philosophers like John Rawls and Martha Nussbaum, often emphasize individual rights and human needs, but they fall short of addressing the broader, collective, and ecological dimensions of environmental justice. The article synthesizes various perspectives and argues for a shift beyond these limited, human-centered models to embrace an approach that integrates ethical, political, and legal responsibilities toward both humans and nature. By drawing on Indigenous perspectives, posthuman, and intersectional environmentalism, the paper highlights the need for collective action, respect for future generations, and solidarity in facing both social and environmental challenges. It proposes a more holistic and sustainable vision of environmental justice, one that respects the rights and well-being of all living beings and ecosystems.

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Emmanuelio Levino minties aktualumas šiuolaikiniame filosofiniame diskurse

Author(s): Audronė Žukauskaitė,Danutė Bacevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2024

An interview with Danutė Bacevičiūtė by Audronė Žukauskaitė.

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Pagiriamasis žodis skepticizmui: pasitikėjimo ir patikimumo permąstymas šiandieniniame pasaulyje

Author(s): Giedrius Kanapka / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4 (116)/2024

Review of: Norris, Pippa. In Praise of Skepticism: Trust but Verify. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.

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The panorama of artificial intelligence – development or advancement?

Author(s): Ondřej Roubal,Kateryna Narusevych / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The objective of this study is to identify and describe the main milestones in the development of artificial intelligence in the form of a chronological overview of its historical development. This study also seeks to present an argument that challenges the stereotypically and uncritically accepted thesis that draws no distinction between the concepts of development and advancement as they apply to artificial intelligence. Development is a mechanism following a process of leaps forward, without a goal, without criteria based on values or morals. Progress is an ambivalent phenomenon, the practical outcome and result of a specific developmental phase of interacting social, technological, economic, and cultural factors. A historical understanding of the context that gave rise to the development of key concepts of artificial intelligence technologies is the foundation for further possible scientific analysis and qualified predictions of the transformation of society. The phenomenon of artificial intelligence is distinctive for its ambivalent nature. On one hand, it contributes to the prosperity of society, increases efficiency, accelerates performance, and makes a range of human activities easier and more precise. On the other hand, artificial intelligence generates unseen social risks, transforms the function of cultural patterns, and breaks social norms, raising philosophical, ethical, moral, and legislative questions. This review study can serve as a starting point for further study and research analyses to identify the main trends in the technological development of artificial intelligence in the context of questions of advancement in social, cultural, political, economic, ethical, or legislative transformations of society.

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Słabość istot żywych. „Ewolucja według Calpurnii Tate” Jacqueline Kelly

Author(s): Alicja Mazan-Mazurkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2024

The article is an analysis and interpretation of Jacqueline Kelly’s novel The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate (situated in the context of the writer’s work and, more broadly, the trend of retro youth novels). Referring to the concept of catharsis constitutive of Greek tragedy (offered to the recipient to experience pity and fear), I would like to present The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate as a work that offers compassion, sadness and hope – a “weak” version of catharsis, adjusted to the sensitivity of the young reader, and, at the same time, not distorting the difficult truth about the world. Above all, the category of weakness, common to people and other human beings have been highlighted. The primary goal of the article is, therefore, to extract the axiological message of the novel. To do so, a compilation of various methodologies (comparative studies, ecocriticism, feminist criticism), and a research tool have been used.

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