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ETHIC AND DECISIONAL TRANSPARENCY IN THE ROMANIAN PUBLIC ADMNISTRATION

Author(s): Gabriela Pohoaţă / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The following article underlines the importance in identifying and adopting a new ethic and decisional transparency in the current especially corrupt Romanian public administration, updating the ethical law and the formation of civil servants at the European ethical standards. The administrative reform cannot be done without issuing new professional and morality standards. Our research starts from a clear and realistic analysis of the corruption phenomenon in the Romanian administration reality, which has outgrown social rationality. The existence of a system corruption in administration is an extremely serious fact, but not inevitable as long as they constantly act to sanction and diminish the phenomenon. The transparency of the processes in the public administration, especially those of decision making are crucial for keeping the corruption at acceptable limits.

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DESIGNING THE MODEL OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AXIOLOGICAL IMPERATIVES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION

Author(s): Irina Alexandrovna Greshilova,Sesegma Zandaraevna Kimova,Balzhit Baldandorzhievna Dambaeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The need for continuous personal and professional development is explained in essence by the continuous education of teachers. The purpose of the study is to define the content of a model for the professional development of teachers, taking into account the axiological imperatives of continuing education. The article describes the axiological imperatives of ‘a person is a subject of continuous education’, ‘a person is a subject of cultural space of continuous education’, ‘a person is a self-developing personality’, ‘continuous education is a semantic activity’, and ‘strategy of own development in the changing world.’ The content of the model is presented on the basis of the contextual approach and foundation positions. As a result, the axiological, pedagogical and organizational components of the model are described and correlated with the axiological imperatives of continuous education. These components have determined the development of actual forms of professional teacher development. These include scenario development, expert panels and a roadmap. Axiological imperatives of continuous education should be taken into account in the design of any model for the professional development of teachers in international practice to ensure the successful implementation of the developed model.

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COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN ESCHATOLOGICOTHEODICAL PARADOX

Author(s): Peter O. O. Ottuh,Mary O. Jemegbe / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Following the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have resorted to asking questions that are rooted in certain religious assumptions. They assume, that God caused and allowed the disease; and second, that the pandemic is a sign of the end-time. These assumptions tactically point to eschatological and theodical paradoxes. This theoretical paper examines the presumptions and assumptions about the COVID-19 outbreak panic from the paradoxical paradigms of eschatology and theodicy. The paper employed the descriptive and phenomenological methods including personal interviews to achieve its aim. The research revealed that the effects of the pandemic worldwide have prompted people regardless of their religions to presume and assume that the disease outbreak is an end-time event and that God sent the disease to punish humanity for their moral evil. The paper concluded that these postulations resulted from the presumed and assumed eschatological and theodical traditions of religions and recommended that religious leaders and adherents should change their perceptions about the pandemic and work hard to deal with the realities on ground by cooperating in various ways with governments and other agencies using modern technologies to resolve the crises.

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BODY AND PERSONHOOD: A STUDY OF DIGNITY AND IDENTITY IN CONNECTION TO THE DEAD

Author(s): Samuel Akpann Bassey,Emmanuel Efem Etta / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Indulgence with the idea of death, whether at a conscious or sub-conscious level, has been an age-old preoccupation of human thought and consciousness. All human beings are composed of a tangible and an intangible part, i.e. the body and the soul/mind respectively. The ‘body’ is as essential an element of our human identity as the soul or the mind. However, the legal arena is often seen grappling with controversies concerning the concept of personhood in relation to the dead (either the body or any other physical remains). Some of these controversies arise from our linguistic approach to death and personhood. The objective of this work is thus, to indulge in a philosophical discourse on death, to unravel the relationship between the concept of “personhood” and the subjective self “I” in terms of its identity and dignity (corporeal or incorporeal, and deceased or conscious). This research will look into some of the issues regarding the changing trends in our approach towards (dead) ‘body’ and ‘personhood’, i.e. what makes us a ‘person’ and what role does the tangible (body) and the intangible parts (soul/mind) play in the assertion of our personhood and right to dignity; and also, how the legal and the philosophical arenas are grappling with these approaches. This work finds out that the existing diameter of certain concepts is too narrow to encompass our sense of morality, ethics, and the changing trends of society, science and technology.

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JOHN STUART MILL’S UTILITARIANISM: A PANACEA TO NIGERIA’S SOCIO-POLITICAL QUAGMIRE

Author(s): Emmanuel Kelechi Iwuagwu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Nigeria, the giant of Africa and the world’s most populous black country, though blessed with abundant human and material resources, is yet to be reckoned among the comity of nations because of its numerous social and political problems. This work identifies the root causes of these problems to include selfishness, corruption, injustice, greed, tribalism, nepotism, bad leadership, etc. The work argued that J.S. Mill’s utilitarian project which advocates that every individual, group or government action should be geared towards the provision of the greatest happiness to the greatest number of citizens should be applied to the Nigerian redemption procedure. The work also addressed how the minority tribes in Nigeria can conveniently be incorporated by this principle and thus concludes that if Mill’s utilitarianism is used to lay the socio-ethical foundation of the project of Nigeria’s social and political reform, the country will surely know justice and rise to greatness.

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MANIPULATION, INDIVIDUATION, AND THE SELF

Author(s): Miliausha Faritovna Sirazetdinova,Anatoliy Igorevich Stoletov,Rushana Khusainovna Lukmanova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The paper discusses the common stages of personal and social development, with a particular emphasis on the exposure to and the use of manipulation. The concept of manipulation gives more insight about differentiation of society and personality. The aim of the research is to identify the interrelated stages in individual and social development associated with the use of manipulation. The process of differentiation and integration reveals distinction between the true essence (Self) and a Persona. To illustrate this, the study applies philosophical solutions proposed by anthropological and individuation theories that regard a person as irreducible to just an “element” of society. This means that each individual actively influences the reproduction and development of social forms, as sociality is a universal characteristic of both society and each individual.

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THE NORMATIVE AND VALUES DILEMMAS RELATED TO THE GOVERNMENT-CITIZEN RELATIONSHIP DURING THE PANDEMIC

Author(s): Rodica Ciobanu,Mariana Roșca / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The article outlines a part of the research findings carried out using a complex methodological framework, designed to assess the current social context of the Republic of Moldova, and aims to identify the governance modernization challenges. It reflects the assessment of the relationship between authorities and citizens during the pandemic crisis and demonstrates the relevance of value-normative foundations for the social construction. The preference for interdisciplinary methodology facilitated the structuring of the research in several basic compartments: the first one reflects in a synthetic formula the theoretical-methodological framework of analysis and the formulation of the working hypothesis, followed by the substantiation and support of the authors' positions on the basis of pragmatic and normative-value arguments, and concluded with generalizations that provide a platform for scientific debate with a view to pursuing further approaches on the subject of the impact of crises on the social framework and the need for spiritual foundations in human perpetuation.

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CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE ETHICS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF DOCTORAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Author(s): Eugenia Bogatu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper is based on the application of a semi-structured interview conducted with a group of doctoral students from the State University of Moldova. The pursued issues concern ethical aspects of scientific research. In the first part of the paper, we present some considerations about the legal framework of doctoral research in the Republic of Moldova, about the difficulties and challenges of the educational system at the beginning of the third millennium, as well as about the important relationship between legality and morality.

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ETHICS OF ROUSSEAU’S PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

Author(s): Philip Osarobu Isanbor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Jean Jacque Rousseau’s conception of early childhood education indispensably, inevitably and reasonably indicates the values of child freedom in learning, and proposes the needs of respecting the freedom of the child in attempt to be formed and developed along his or her interests in contributing the development of the society he or she belongs. Outside this moral consciousness, the philosophy of Rousseau’s early childhood education calls to question the roles of the human persons in the development contents of the society in relation of curriculum contents of child mental formation, and this, Rousseau examines the directedness of early childhood education with three main concerns as principles: the Principle of Negative Education; Methods of Teaching; and the Aims of Education. Such ethical conception of child development projects that child has the right and freedom to be formed along what he or she likes being dependent on the dictates of natural law and principles, not what the society wants the child to be or study by the curriculum that is rudimentary to societal values, away from the personal values and capacities. Adopting evaluative mode of analysis therefore, the essay concludes that the ethical imports of Rousseau’s early childhood education as a basis of contemporary educational philosophy in promoting child-centred curriculum and learning, where personal potentialities and creativities of learners can be fully harnessed along the respect of natural law and freedom. With this, there are bound to be an healthy and vibrant society where integral freedom with real sense of responsibility is allow to be exercised from early stage of human development through education.

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Dignity, healing, and virtue: Bioethical concerns in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never let me go

Author(s): Ivan Lacko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article aims to examine bioethical concerns presented in Kazuo Ishiguro’s 2005 novel Never Let Me Go, focusing on the lives of cloned beings who become organ donors for non-cloned humans. The analysis addresses such ethical implications of cloning and organ donation as dignity, healing, care, and virtue. Through the lens of utilitarian and virtue ethics, the analysis focuses on the novel’s portrayal of these characters, examining how these models function in the narrative and enhance its literary effect. Ishiguro’s text highlights some of the bioethical concerns surrounding clone characters in fiction. The novel questions whether clone characters are part of a social transformation or if they are part of the existing distinction between nature and artifact. The bioethical understanding of human dignity is emphasized, as it is intrinsic to every human being.

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Bioethics and genetic engineering in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake

Author(s): Adam Škrovan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In the light of continuous development of genetic engineering technologies, it is apparent that speculative fiction has successfully anticipated various advancements and their applications. As a key method in this genre, the concept of plausibility allows for a realistic prediction of current scientific trends into future possibilities. In her novel, Oryx and Crake (2003), Margaret Atwood takes a cautionary approach, depicting a speculative future in which the misuse of biotechnologies leads to catastrophic consequences. This article explores the portrayal of bioethical issues surrounding genetic modification. It underlines the interdisciplinary necessity of addressing these concerns and highlighting ethical responsibilities in connection with scientific innovation.

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Význam naratívneho prístupu v bioetike

Author(s): Jana Tomašovičová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

Methodological pluralism is a characteristic feature of contemporary bioethics. Within interdiscursive research, a narrative approach has gradually emerged as part of a broader ethical reflection. This article aims to explore the relevance of the narrative approach in bioethics, where it is gaining a place alongside traditional normative approaches. After first analyzing two initiatives that have influenced the reflection on the inclusion of the narrative method in bioethical discourse, it focuses on an analysis of selected works by Martha C. Nussbaum, which explores the influence of narrative imagination on moral reasoning against the backdrop of the dialogue between literature and ethics. It also examines the method of reflective equilibrium, through which Nussbaum attempts to incorporate moral beliefs and intuitions gained through narrative-ethical analysis of literary works into the making of moral judgments. The last section of the article presents four of the most prominent forms of narrative representations in bioethics, against which the relevance of the narrative approach in bioethics can be assessed.

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Kant on Moral Autocracy, Moral Faith and Happiness

Author(s): Neşe Aksoy / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Kant’s account of moral autocracy as the strength of will to impose inner self-constraint is usually interpreted as being strengthened and promoted by the pursuit of the obligatory ends of perfection and holiness. In this context, moral autocracy is seen as something that can be achieved through one’s self-activity guided and encouraged by the ideals of perfection and holiness. In this paper, I argue that, in addition to the moral ends of perfection and holiness, moral autocracy also requires moral belief or faith as a guide to achieve a lifestyle that is peculiar to the highest good, i.e. a life conduct that is well-pleasing to God. In view of this, I argue that moral autocracy in conjunction with moral belief or faith leads to a morally pure and refined way of living directed towards the purity of the moral law. Finally, I conclude that the morally refined and elevated form of lifestyle achieved by morally autocratic activity opens the ground for happiness that does not only refer to the satisfaction of one’s needs and desires but is also inclusive of the elements of enduring contentment, well-being, and bliss, which leads me to interpret Kant’s account of happiness as encapsulating a eudaimonistic dimension in it.

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Compulsion, Ignorance, and Involuntary Action: An Aristotelian Analysis

Author(s): Huiyuhl Yi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Some remarks in the Eudemian Ethics and the Nicho- machean Ethics indicate that the voluntariness of actions is significantly related to compulsion and ignorance. According to a plausible interpretation, these remarks suggest that if an agent performs an action under compulsion or due to ignorance of some relevant facts, then she does so involuntarily. An objection to this interpretation with regard to compulsion is that an agent can voluntarily do what she is compelled to do. With regard to ignorance, one might object that it is necessary to clarify the proper range of relevant facts when considering whether an action performed out of ignorance is involuntary. In this paper, I develop two principles that align with the view that compulsion and ignorance are sufficient conditions for involuntary actions, while accommodating potential counterexamples and complications.

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Edeb - etička imaginacija i sunnet poslanika Muhameda

Author(s): Zora Kostadinova / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65-68/2024

This paper analyzes the role of Sufi edep/adab (spiritual manners) in the ethical self-cultivation among a Naqshbandi Sufi Muslim group in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina. It considers how an ethnographic focus on edeb/adab can help us understand Sufi spirituality as a form of everyday sociality on one hand and as a form of religious virtue and piety on the other. The ethnography highlights the importance of inculcating self-reflexivity in the pious and ethical self-cultivation as a way of attaining adab and thus piety as an everyday social. Instead of focusing on the exclusion of other Muslim selfhoods, the Naqshbandi Muslims analyzed in this paper turn to self-critique and self-improvement, a key method for spiritual refinement and a deeper relation to divine authority. Self-critique is a method which opens a path toward the proper internalization of the Prophet’s sunna, and it therefore constitutes a degree of hermeneutic practice. The essay argues for a greater ethnographic focus on how self-critique can be oriented toward the social and contribute toward formulations of ideas of tolerance and local forms of sociality. This makes adab‘good to think with’ both in tracing the intra-Muslim power dynamics, in exploring broader Sufi engagements as religious subjects who perform ethics in a secular world, and tensions between the subject and the social, together with the practices of dervishes (initiates) to individual and collective ends. Thus, the paper proposes that a religious agency in the present via the cultivation of adab can be used to interrogate the canon, in an ongoing process of ethical cultivation which places the accent of being Islamic on the ethical as a relational category (Zigon, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 27(2), 384–401, 2021). Edep is an abstract noun in Turkish, drawn from the original Arabic adab. Though the preferred vocabulary of my interlocutors was edep as most scholarly literature uses adab, in this text, I use adab. The interchange between edep and adab is used only when I am quoting directly from my interlocutors.

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AVORTEMENT EN POLOGNE, ÉTERNEL PROBLÈME SOCIAL, POLITIQUE ET JURIDIQUE

Author(s): Katarzyna Kubuj / Language(s): French Issue: 24/2021

Le problème de l’avortement suscite de grands émois en Pologne depuis des années. Le différend oppose les partisans du renforcement et ceux de l’assouplissement de la loi relative à l’interruption volontaire de grossesse. Il a été relancé à l’occasion des propositions d’amendements législatifs et des décisions du Tribunal constitutionnel, plus particulièrement celle du 22 octobre 20201 qui a fait en sorte que le débat – bien qu’entravé pendant la pandémie et les circonstances extraordinaires qui en résultent – soit toujours présent dans les rues des villes polonaises.

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Suur depressioon kui moraali ja mõistuse kriis Eduard Tennmanni majandusteemalistes kirjutistes

Author(s): Mati Simm / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1 (85)/2024

The Great Depression as a Moral and Rational Crisis in Eduard Tennmann’s Economic Writings. Eduard Tennmann, one of the major figures of Estonian theology in the 20th century, is a rare example of theologians being actively involved in economic debates. Tennmann published numerous, still relatively unresearched, papers on economics and finance during the period of the Great Depression. The article presents the economic ethics reflected in his writings, but focuses mainly on his views on monetary policy. Even though Tennmann’s idea of using loan certificates to boost the economy was criticised as being too theoretical for real-life application, it is argued in the article that the idea was based on the US banking practice. The paper also examines Tennmann’s controversial tendency to rely on antisemitic conspiracy theories to explain the causes of the economic crisis.

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Šta je slobodan čovjek? / Izgubljene slobode

Author(s): Gabriel Marcel / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 13/2025

O problemu kojim se ovdje bavim — šta je slobodan čovjek — ne može se valjano raspravljati isključivo na apstraktan način. O njemu se ne može raspravljati van konteksta istorijskih situacija, shvaćenih u njihovoj konkretnoj punoći: u samoj suštini ljudske sudbine je da se čovjek uvijek nalazi u nekoj situaciji, što previše apstraktni humanizam često zaboravlja. Dakle, ovdje se ne pitamo šta je slobodan čovjek sam po sebi, šta je suštinski pojam slobodnog čovjeka — jer to pitanje vjerovatno nema nikakvog smisla. Mi se pitamo kako se u istorijskoj situaciji kakva je naša, sa kojom se moramo suočiti ovdje i sada, može shvatiti čovjekova sloboda i kako joj možemo svjedočiti.

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Aesthetic Freedom

Author(s): Peter Bien / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2024

This article focuses on the concept of freedom throughout Nikos Kazantzakis’ works, describing differences from the author’s early age to the last of his works. It walks us through philosophers who influenced Kazantzakis and his own philosophical thoughts on freedom. Outlining Kazantzakis evolving notions of freedom through three stages—political, aesthetic, and eschatological—interwoven with philosophical influences and his literary contributions.

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A kolozsvári kollégium etikai kódexe 1786-ból

Author(s): Vilmos József Kolumbán / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 6/2023

The document presented here is the Ethical Codex formulated in 1786 by the governing body of the College of Kolozsvár (Cluj). The 1780s marked an era defined by the formulation of educational guidelines. It was during this epoch that the ruler of the Habsburg Empire mandated the centralisation of educational institutions. Consequently, the Reformed Church of Transylvania undertook extensive preparations for the reorganization of the college and the advancement of public education. This regulatory framework stands as a distinctive artifact, akin to the spiritual bequest of the noble aristocracy and sovereigns. Noteworthy is its exclusive focus on individuals of noble lineage, rendering it likely that its implementation was never realised.

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