Voda koja proizvodi zvuk kretanja: Interpretacija fenomena vode u Prelidima Claude Debussyja

Author(s): Marija Radovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

This paper examines the relationship between Debussy’s musical intellection of the element of water and Bachelard’s philosophical apprehension of the same element. More precisely, I will explore the (reciprocal) relationship between musical transpositions of the water element in the composer’s piano oeuvre and Bachelard’s interpretation of the element of water in the study – Water and dreams. An essay on the imagination of matter. Considering that a large part of Debussy’s opus are musical “images” of the water element, it is evident that for the composer this phenomenon has a more profound, psychological note. Therefore, this paper will, on the basis of the analytical and comparative approaches, consider the relationship of Debussy’s and Bachelard’s (psychological and / or psychoanalytical) intellection and interpretation of water “images”.

THE TRANSPARENCY TROPE: DECONSTRUCTING ENGLISH ACADEMIC DISCOURSE

Author(s): Karen Bennett / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

English Academic Discourse has always presented itself as a neutral vehicle of objective fact. Through the use of clearly defi ned terms and straightforward syntax, and the studied avoidance of forms of overt manipulation of the reader, it claims to offer a transparent window onto some pre-existing external reality. Today, however, most linguists agree that objectivity is a linguistic construct, achieved by the systematic use of grammatical forms such as nominalizations and the passive voice which mask human agency. Similarly, it is now generally understood that even the most positivistic science texts contain a certain amount of rhetorical manoeuvring designed to convince the reader of the truth value and utility of the claims made. This paper draws upon a range of linguistic, historical and philosophical sources to question this discourse’s status as the hegemonic vehicle of knowledge in the modern world.

DIRECT INTERACTION: METHODS OF RESEARCH, EPISTEMOLOGY, CONCEPTUALIZATION (I)

Author(s): Ion Copoeru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

“Are you investigating direct multimodal interactions?” This is the first question that we addressed to our colleagues who are conducting research in fields, such as linguistics, education science, didactics, psychology, sociology, anthropology and, of course, philosophy. If you are interested in knowing more about this topic or you are conducting yourself an investigation in this area, you might enjoy some of the research papers presented at the hybrid event hosted by the Dept. of Philosophy of Babeş-Bolyai University from Cluj-Napoca in June 2nd – 4th, 2022. The interactions constituted a topic of investigation in social sciences and philosophy starting with the beginning of the 20th century. Initially, the study of interactions was associated with the investigation of human experience. Georg Simmel and Erving Goffman have shifted the understanding of social phenomena by reversing their traditional framing as means-end and cause-effect chain models.

INTERACTION AND ITS FAILURES: AN APPROACH THROUGH EMBARRASSMENT AND SHAME

Author(s): Hélène Maire,Rawan Charafeddine,Jean-Baptiste Van Der Henst / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The present study is a theoretical and methodological proposal rooted in the field of social developmental psychology and describes three objectives. First, it aims to show how transgressive situations are conducive to study of social norms governing interactions. Second, the similarities and differences between two emotions, namely shame and embarrassment, are outlined in order to better understand how their respective measures can highlight social norms in interactions. Third, we illustrate our proposal to study social norms through emotional reactions by presenting an ongoing experiment, that examines how children may react to a power situation.

IS INTERACTION JUST A DYNAMICAL PROCESS?

Author(s): Mihai-Alexandru Petrișor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In this article I argue for a pluralistic vision of interaction and social cognition in general: we should imagine the landscape of types of interactions as a line segment whose ends represent radical positions (purely inferentialist or purely simulationist theories on one end and radical embodied cognition on the other) on which different types of interactions fall. The closer to any extreme a particular type is, then the more likely it is to be better explained by the theory the extreme point represents. In order to delineate the controversy that stems from different conceptualizations of the same phenomenon and to articulate my position, I criticize Gallagher’s radical claims of embodied cognition as constituting social interaction. The main point that I make regarding his theory is that, even though it provides a satisfactory explanation for types that correspond to motor-perceptual processes, it only manages to metaphorically describe cases of interaction that involve articulated language use and, generally, semantically charged actions. Given that a serious researcher should be interested in accurate predictions or descriptions, it follows that Gallagher’s account is not all-encompassing, and, given the many virtues of other theories, we should adopt a pluralistic point-of-view.

Problems and Prospects for the Formation of a General Methodology of Knowledge. Philosophical Reflections

Author(s): Zoya Stezhko,Nataliia Shalimova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article analyses the problems and possibilities of forming a general methodological paradigm for the study, explanation and forecasting of social processes – in the context of the philosophical concepts of G. Hegel and F. Nietzsche. In particular, a fundamental possibility for forming a general methodological paradigm based on a dynamic balance of not optimal, but possible is analysed. The paper outlines the positive and negative aspects of the methodological paradigms of rationalism and irrationalism (postmodernism); points out the possibility of terminological discourse in determining the content of concepts and categories; emphasises the efficiency of the methodological paradigm of rationalism on the example of the analysis and implementation of the philosophical category ‘measure’; substantiates the need for improvement of the spiritual priorities of various groups of the population – with a special emphasis on the layer of politicians.

Posthumanistyczny potencjał polskiego fandomu komiksowego

Author(s): Aleksandra Słowik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Comic books are an undeniable part of the modern culture, gaining more popularity every year. Reading comics influences the perception of communing with other products of culture, which results in the transformation of reading into new cultural practices. They may be the result of individual participation, however, the effectiveness of undertakings may often depend on the results of teamwork and collective participation practices. Initially, the grassroots movements of comic book enthusiasts are transformed with time into forms of structured activity. Such an organized community has the potential to implement the assumptions of critical post-humanism, according to which man is not hyper-causative and should participate with actors other than human. This work outlines the historical background of the comic book fandom, considers the idea of participation in culture, analyzes the initiatives taken with particular emphasis on socially engaged activities and content, characterizes the problems faced by the community and relates individual aspects of its functioning to critical post-humanism. The research methodology was based on the analysis of the literature on the subject, virtual ethnology and interviews. The obtained results showed the comic book community as a heterogeneous community that grew out of the need for change. This fandom is involved in initiatives related to diversity, ecology, emancipation and equality, at the same time trying to popularize the comic culture medium.

Zl. Guentcheva et J. Landaburu (eds.) L’Enonciation mediatisee II. Le traitement episte'mologique de l’information : illustrations amerindiennes et caucasiennes.

Author(s): Éléna Météva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2008

Review of: Zl. Guentcheva and J. Landaburu (eds.) The mediated enunciation II. The epistemological processing of information: Amerindian and Caucasian illustrations. Editions Peeters, Louvain - Paris - Dudley, MA, 2007.

Die Noetik der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft gemäß Adolf Erhärt (einige Bemerkungen in memoriam)

Author(s): Bohumil Vykypěl / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2005

Past of a quantum particle: old problem with recent controversies

Author(s): Jerzy Dajka / Language(s): English Issue: 72/2022

Time-symmetric formulation of quantum mechanics—the two-state vector formalism—is presented as a tool for studying past behaviour of quantum systems. A role of weak measurement and weak values in the Cheshire Cat effect and a nested (Vaidman) three-path interferometer are discussed. Interpretation of a particle’s faint trace indicating possibility of discontinuous paths of particles passing the Vaidman interferometer is given. Consistent histories are presented as one of alternative approaches. Multitude of controversial issues is briefly reviewed and discussed.

Окамова темпорална логика за разклоняващо се време – Уилям Окам и Артър Прайър

Author(s): Petya Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 28/2022

Temporal logic is one of the most fascinating fields in logic and philosophy nowadays. There are different types of temporal logic that depend on what the understanding of time is– if is it linear or circle, branching or not, with or without beginning and ending, and so on. One type of temporal logic is Ockhamist branching-time temporal logic which was originally formulated by Arthur Prior based on Ockham’s analysis of temporal proposition. The main problem in Ockham’s analysis is how God knows who will be saved and nevertheless no one is predestinated or how God knows future contingent proposition. Prior again has a problem with determinism and with the Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument to which Ockhamist branching-time temporal logic is one of the solutions suggested by Prior. Prior formulated another type of branching time temporal logic which was based on Peirce’s philosophy which Prior prefers over Ockhamist one. However, the development of temporal logic shows that Ockhamist branching-time temporal logic has had a greater influence on scientific research in this field.

Is language a system of signs? Lenin, Saussure and the theory of hieroglyphics

Author(s): Patrick Sériot / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This paper strives to pursue two goals at the same time: how can one get to know in depth the intellectual life of the USSR in the 1930s–1950s; and, what can the virulent anti-Saussurean criticism in Russia at that time tell us about the specificity of the Marxist-Leninist theory of signs? We propose the following angle of attack: the recurring theme of this criticism, namely that Saussure’s Cours presents a “theory of hieroglyphics”, therefore a type of “bourgeois idealist” theory that Lenin assailed in his 1909 book Materialism and Empiriocriticism about Ernst Mach. Yet thinking about hieroglyphics is based on much older controversies, dating back to the 17th century and concerning the deciphering of Egyptian writing. The issue which arises here is semiotic in nature: it is the scalar opposition between transparency and opacity of the sign that is at stake. Does the sign hide or reveal? The Soviet discourse on language and signs in the 1930s–1950s seems to be based on an interrogation of the sign/referent, language/ thought, form/content relationship. A part of the history of semiotics can thus be discovered from the critique of the “hieroglyphic theory”, a little-known episode in a debate on the interpretation of Saussurism.

DESCARTES AND SPINOZA ON THE PERFECTION OF GOD: A CONTRAST

Author(s): Rocco Astore / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2022

After repeatedly reading Descartes’s Meditations on First Philosophy, what stills stands out most to this present essayist is Descartes’s notion of God’s perfection and how the perfection of the Divine includes the existence of the Almighty. Similarly, if we look to Spinoza’s Ethics Book I and the beginnings of Book II, we find comparable claims; namely, that the Almighty’s essence necessarily involves existence, and that this is a perfection of God alone. First, this article will detail how Descartes establishes God’s existence via the argument from perfection, and how this perfection of God reinforces the existence of such a supreme entity. Next, this piece will treat Spinoza’s understanding of God as that which must exist, and how this mandatory existence is solely of the perfection of God. Lastly, this paper will show that although Spinoza’s understanding of God’s perfection in his Ethics Book I and II may appear akin to Descartes, it would be incorrect to fully understand either philosopher’s views on God’s perfection as being entirely the same.

Richard Swinburne’s Probabilistic Epistemology

Author(s): Igor Gudyma / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2022

The purpose of this article is related to the study of the ideas of the modern Christian theologian Richard Swinburne; in addition, attention is drawn to the fundamentals of the new theistic cosmology proposed by the theologian. The author mainly focused on studying the most general provisions of the Christian religious-theological paradigm developed by Swinburne. The author was also interested in identifying and interpreting the problem of a convincing justification of faith. The main result of the study of the problem was the conclusion that the idea of a new theistic cosmology developed by the theologian is carried out by Richard Swinburne from the standpoint of probabilism, based on the selection of inductive evidence for the existence of God; all this should ultimately demonstrate the proper likelihood of the central position of the religious worldview – “God exists.”

Онтология и эпистемология Ничто в философии Платона: истоки и природа платоновской апофатики

Author(s): Aleksey Bogomolov,Svetlov Roman,Dmitry Shmonin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The dialogues "Parmenides" and "Sophist" are among the most important texts of Plato, where the themes of non-existence and apophaticism are considered. In the 20th century, they received interpretations radically different from the Neoplatonic one. They are now considered mainly as texts about the boundaries of language and knowledge, rather than about that ontological objectivity, which is quite openly declared in them. The authors of this article have tried to explore whether we can find additional arguments in favor of an «ontological» interpretation of Plato's apophaticism? To what extent is Plato's negative dialectic connected with Parmenides' poem «On Nature»? And wasn't Gorgias' Treatise on Non-Being one of the sources of reflection on the topic of negativity?

Modernism, Postmodernism and the Nature of the Times: A Conversation with Randall Stevenson

Author(s): Adriana Neagu / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2021

The interview offers a comprehensive, paradigmatic overview of the experience of literary modes within the broad frameworks of modernity and postmodernity. It invites reflection and rethinking of epistemic change from a major literary historian and theorist whose work in the Anglo-American context has become synonymous with the examination of temporality, historicity, and poeticality in twentieth century experimentation with form. Revisiting central concepts and aesthetic categories in literary criticism and theory, Randall Stevenson contributes a highly contemporary, ground-breaking vision of the literary act against the backdrop of the new structures of knowledge pertaining to the digital age and the post-humanist crisis.