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The role of emotional interpretants in Peirce’s theory of belief and doubt

Author(s): Jean-Marie Chevalier / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The theory of emotional interpretant is mentioned only a few times in Peirce’s works. My hypothesis is that if Peirce did not develop this concept through and through, and reflected on it only very late in his writings, it is because it had been implicit in almost all his previous epistemological and semiotic works. Th e qualitative nature which defines belief and doubt makes the whole theory of inquiry rely on feelings, and is a consistent part of the characterization of beliefs as dispositions. In spite of this, objectivity is still preserved.

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Methodological issues and prospects of semiotics of humour

Author(s): Dmitrij Gluscevskij / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2017

This article aims at proposing a way to identify humour by means of Greimassian semiotics and to single humour out as a unique object of semiotic analysis. Firstly, the article discusses the fundamental epistemological premises of semiotic text analysis through the analysis of texts by Greimas which were meant to further and legitimize his project of semiotics. Also, the already existing attempts at providing a semiotic definition of humour are critically evaluated while relating their problematic aspects with the implicitly defined field of semiotic interest. Finally, it is demonstrated that a productive semiotic description of a comic text is possible when the status quo epistemological views are revised and the traditional field of semiotic analyses is expanded accordingly

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Semiosphere and history: Toward the origins of the semiotic approach to history

Author(s): Mikhail Trunin / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2017

This article compares the approaches to the semiotics of history of two central figures of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics – Juri Lotman and Boris Uspenskij. It is argued that Lotman’s approach to the semiotics of history is closely connected with the development of his theory of the semiosphere (despite Lotman’s unfailing interest in history, his theoretical interpretation of the historical process was, in fact, secondary to his reflection on the semiosphere), that is, with the shift in his research from studies of literary-historical cases to typology. Meanwhile, Uspenskij, a linguist who started out as a scholar of structural language typology, moved in the opposite direction, becoming increasingly engaged in the examination of individual historical cases. Lotman’s correspondence with Uspenskij serves as proof that semi-formal communication on scientific issues between the representatives of the Tartu-Moscow School was often what inspired new fundamental ideas and further development of theoretical concepts.

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The future orientation of culture and the memory of the past in the making of history

Author(s): Elżbieta Hałas / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2017

The article describes the semiotic approach developed by Boris Uspenskij to study the historical process. Uspenskij’s semiotics of history is integrally bound with the Tartu-Moscow School’s programme of cultural semiotics and is rooted in the fundamental premises of that programme, which he helped to shape. These premises contain a complex ontology of culture, encompassing three levels: cultural memory, sets of cultural texts, and semiotic systems, which model both the image of the world and programmes of action. Uspenskij’s analytical model of semiotics of history highlights the pragmatic aspect of the process of historical communication: the agency of its participants as carriers of culture and sign users. This article presents the role of reflexivity in the historical process, associated with reconstruction of the meaning of the past and prospective shaping of the future. Making history means constantly renewing the narrative about past events, which determines the future course of history in the present. Uspenskij presents opposite cultural tendencies in the historical process, associated with different types of semiosis, as symbolic conflicts. The article shows the role of symbolism and symbolic politics in the processes of making history in the model of semiotics of history. This model makes it possible to link together research on cultural memory, time, communicative action and symbolism.

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The epistemic role of intermedial visual artworks: An analysis of the photobooks Palast der Republik and Domesticidades

Author(s): Letícia Vitral,João Queiroz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This paper presents, describes and analyses two photobooks: Palast der Republik and Domesticidades. We claim that, because of their highly iconic features, they can be regarded as epistemic artefacts (models) since they reveal information about their objects, as well as about their own morphological properties. The analysis focuses on (i) the kind of relations the photobooks establish with their respective objects (we claim that it is a mainly-iconic relation) and (ii) on the semiotic couplings that can be found in them – a type of interaction between semiotic resources (such as photographs, maps, written texts, illustrations, among others). We contextualize this analysis in relation to both a semiotic and an intermedial background. Further, we claim that the epistemic role of such artworks is directly related to their material and structural features that constrain the possibilities of manipulation and reasoning upon them. We conclude by presenting some of the information that was revealed by the manipulation of these photobooks, claiming that the semioticartefactual approach to models can be an epistemically interesting conceptual frame to thinking about artistic artefacts.

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Few notes on the structure of Aratus’ Phaenomena

Author(s): Paulius Garbačiauskas / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2009

The Poetry of Expressions (Phaen. 752-757) Arat refers very briefly to the methon cycle - a period of nineteen tropical years, during which the Moon and Sun calendars are matched. This technical information (which is, moreover, expressed rather quaintly), at first glance, is not relevant to the reader of the poem and the poet himself, whose primary goal is to describe the meteorological signs associated with the measurement and measurement of time. However, a more detailed analysis of the poem, more precisely, of its technical part (except for the introduction and the description of the planets) to 757 lines. The structure reveals the nuances of interesting and at first glance undetectable poetry compositions, as to talk about the refined stylistics of this passage (752-757). The structure of the technical part of the poem is summarized in a detailed schema (Fig.), Which reveals that the Arato principle of the leptottes applies not only to the surface's surface texture. The structural harmony of a rather technical poet's teaching does not seem to surprise (as it should be expected from the Hellenistic poet), but it is much more astonishing that this multidimensional, motivated harmony lies behind a consistently superficial order of structure and is noticeable not by the naked eye. From this perspective, the mention of the Methon cycle gets a clear meaning, although at first glance it does not seem so far.

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THE NECESSITIVE IMPERSONAL REIK(Ė)TI ‘NEED’: THE RISE OF MODAL MEANING

Author(s): Erika Jasionytė-Mikučionienė,Jolanta Šinkūnienė / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2017

Modality, one of the widely discussed issues in linguistics, has generally been considered as a semantic category. There are two major approaches to the definition of modality: it is defined either in terms of ‘speaker attitudes’, ‘subjectivity’ (Palmer 1990, 2001; Traugott 1989, 2006) or in terms of ‘factuality’, ‘actuality’, ‘reality’ (Narrog 2005, 2012). Since modality is a heterogeneous category, it comprises several subcategories or types. Typically, scholars distinguish either two (for example, epistemic and deontic (Lyons 1977), epistemic and root (Coates 1983)) or three types of modality (epistemic, deontic and dynamic) (Palmer 1990).

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Apulėjus. Apie Sokrato dievą: Vertė ir komentarus parengė Alius Jaskelevičius

Author(s): Alius Jaskelevičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2018

This publication consists of the first published Lithuanian translation of Apuleius’s De deo Socratis, accompanied with a comprehensive commentary. Apuleius’s De deo Socratis examines the subject of daemons, which was very popular in the thought of Middle Platonism. In his treatise, Apuleius not only presents a general theory of daemons but gives authorial insights into the theme as well. Apuleius emphasizes the cosmological and theological aspects of the theory of daemons and their importance for practical behavior.

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Зеркало как семиотическая, гносеологическая и аксиологическая модель

Author(s): Leonid Stolovich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1988

В одной своей дневниковой записи М. М. Пришвин писал: «В природе вода лежит, и ее зеркало отражает небо, горы и лес. Человек мало того что сам стал на ноги, он поднял вместе с собой зеркало, и увидел себя, и стал всматриваться в свое изображение. Собака в зеркале видит в себе другую собаку, но не себя. Понять себя самого в зеркальном изображении скорее всего может только человек. Вся история культуры и есть рассказ о том, что увидел человек в зеркале, и все будущее наше в том, что еще в этом зеркале он увидит».

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On Reason and the Power of Life (Tolstoy contra Spinoza)

Author(s): Svetlana Klimova / Language(s): English Issue: 100/2021

In his search for the meaning of life, Tolstoy turned to Spinoza’s rationalist teaching about freedom, reason, morality, and religious faith. Spinoza created a philosophy where beliefs are in union with deeds, logic unites with ethics, and knowledge joins faith. According to Tolstoy, it is art that makes a synthesis of all the best attempts of the real, true philosophy. I argue that Tolstoy’s artistic method of linkage (stseplenie) was probably borrowed from Spinoza. Inspired by Spinoza’s “theorems of reason,” Tolstoy created his own “axiom of life” and elaborates on the concept of the “power of life” as a core of religious faith. Tolstoy endorsed Spinoza’s rationalistic critique of religion which helped to liberate true faith from the power of superstition and church dogmatics, but he criticised the geometric form in which Spinoza put the truths he discovered.

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Meninis tyrimas: gegužiukas svetimame lizde ar epistemologiškai pagrįsta tyrimo strategija?

Author(s): Aldis Gedutis,Vytautas Michelkevičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 100/2021

In the broader context of other types of research, the authors of this article seek to analyse the epistemological status of artistic research. Because of its transdisciplinary character, artistic research is interpreted ambiguously: on the one hand, it might be treated as an unjustified and illicit intervention into the scientific field, on the other hand, despite its peculiarities artistic research still might be capable of creating knowledge commensurable with the knowledge produced in other (scientific) disciplines. The major question the article seeks to answer is the following: is it possible to justify artistic research applying ready-made arguments in the philosophy of science?

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Izlaganje Kantove kritike racionalne teologije kao priloga tezi o nesuvislosti religijskih sukoba

Author(s): Safer Grbić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 35/2021

What is the significance of Kant's critique of metaphysics and in particular of his critique of rational theology in the context of the question of the incoherence of religious conflicts? Precisely concerning this relationship, this paper will consider a brief history of thinking of a phenomenon called rational theology, then in this context, we will consider Kant's precritical work and later presentation of a critique of rational theology, all in the context of questioning the relationship enumerated with religious conflicts. The hypothesis of this paper is reflected in proving the relationship between Kant's critique of rational theology and the idea of the inconsistency of religious conflicts in such a way that the inconsistency of religious conflicts is based on the results of Kant's critique: the impossibility of certainty and knowledge. So, finally, and according to the results of Kant's main work Kritik der reinen Vernunft: why make religious conflicts serious at all when we cannot objectively prove the existence of the religious idea of God – who is the reason religious conflicts themselves, by their definition, are serious!?

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N. Bagdasar – critica empirismului consecvent al lui John St. Mill

Author(s): Constantin Stoenescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2021

In his Theory of Knowledge, in the chapter on “Empiricism”, Bagdasar presented extensively the consistent empiricist conception of John St. Mill and his arguments against innate knowledge. Moreover, in response to Mill’s criticism, Bagdasar himself outlined some major objections to radical empiricism. The purpose of this research is to provide a reconstruction of the both parts, the expository and the critical one, in order to identify argumentative structures that are specific to those philosophical options. As a result, Mill can be understood as the philosopher who took empiricism to its ultimate consequences. On the other hand, in Bagdasar’s critique we find topical issues organized into a systematic order, such as the influence of theory on observation, the relationship between sensory data and processing mechanisms, the hypothetical nature of scientific research, the nature of the relationship between experience and math.

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Ce este și cum poate fi cunoscut „datul”

Author(s): Viorel Cernica / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2021

In „Teoria cunoștinței” (Theory of knowledge), the author N. Bagdasar enunciated the following idea: the metaphysics is conditioned by the theory of knowledge, since the first is a knowledge placed from the beginning under rules. After I will emphasise the Kantian sense of this idea and depict the manner in which the author explains Auguste Comte’s positivism in relation with the meaning of ‘positive’ (given) in that context, I will put into discussion two theories about the unknowability of a “fact” that is in its possibility an object of knowledge. The first, belonging to Mircea Florian, can be deemed as “ontologically negative” and privileges the idea of a suspension of knowledge in the front of the given (an object to be known, in its possibility). The second, belonging to J.-L. Marion, which can be labelled as “cognitively negative”, suggests the idea of „negative certitudes” – in connection to the recognizing, in some situations, of the unknowability of the given (an object to be known, in its possibility). Both theories condition the “power” of knowledge by the nature of object of knowledge, also assuming that this power, when questions its own possibilities, can produce unknowability. In this perspective, the two theories discussed here and Comte’s positive philosophy draw similar conclusions. The references to a possible relation between metaphysics and theory of knowledge will be maintained in the following, but the formal privilege that the last has towards the first in Bagdasar’s view will be relativized.

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Controversa „Ignorabimus” în România secolului al XIX-lea: Conștiința ca limită a cunoașterii științifice

Author(s): Mona Mamulea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2021

Du Bois-Reymond’s „Ignorabimus” could have been a game changer in the last decades of 19th century, but it wasn’t. The sound argument of the German physiologist concerning the limits of natural science, although it was indeed taken seriously and confronted by all means, was in fact so severely distorted by opponents that one could hardly recognize it in the straw men generated in the process. By scrutinizing three less known approaches dug up from 19th century Romanian literature, the present paper focuses on the theoretical commitments that prevented the consciousness issue to be properly addressed.

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O filozofsko-teološkim učenjima imama El-Haremejna Džuvejnija

Author(s): Hasan Džilo,Šinazi Memedi / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 88/2021

The article analyses some philosophical-theological teachings of Al-Juwayni, known by the title Imamu-l-Haramain (leading master in Mecca and Medina) of whom until now nothing has been written. He was a great theologian, open towards various affinities of human spirit. His theological-philosophical thought is characterised by a thorough and deep analysis of the main theological issues that were in the focus of discussions within two philosophical-theological schools of Islam – Mut’azila and Ash’ariyya. He provides a deeper support for the teachings of Al-Ashari, like Baqilani, Fakhrud-din Razi and Gazali. Metaphysical, ethical and epistemological issues are overlapping in his teachings. He advocates rational cognition and rational theology whose chief subjects are the main religious teachings, like arguments for the existence of God, the relation between God’s being and His attributes, creation of the world and man’s free will. Elaborating on the teachings on these issues of Al-Ashari school, Juwayni, under the influence of teachings of Ibn Sina’ and his disciples in Persia, introduces some thoughts that are by large shrouded in a metaphysical form. Juwayni’s work demonstrates consistent theological teachings which in their metaphysical, epistemological, ethical and legal aspects are truly worthy of serious analysis.

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Filozofija slomljenoga i praksa presloženoga. Antropološki aspekti eseja Alfreda Sohn-Rethela o napuljskom odnosu prema tehnici

Author(s): Andrea Matošević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 44/2021

The text analyses the content of essays on Naples and its inhabitants from the mid-1920s, written by the influential German Marxist philosopher and economist Alfred Sohn-Rethel, who was very close to the Frankfurt School. The key to reading these texts, published under the title “Napoli: The Philosophy of the Broken” (Napoli: la filosofia del rotto), lies in the idea that, for the Neapolitans, technology begins to work only when it is “broken” and “subordinated” to complete control of its owners; this thesis is connected with Claude Lévi-Strauss’s anthropological theory of bricolage. This text also highlights the concept of porosity, which at that time also had epistemological importance in the context of interpretations of the Italian south. Finally, the content of the author’s essays is compared with policies and results of the introduction of the Taylorist “scientific organization” of labor in the 1920s into the Italian economy and beyond.

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Kriz ve Fırsat Arasındaki İnce Çizgi: Nietzsche’nin Üstinsan Düşüncesi Bağlamında Tayfun Pirselimoğlu’nun Yol Kenarı Filmi

Author(s): Ulaş Işıklar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2022

Nihilism, that can be described as a problematic consequence of interactions formed with world and life by individual, is a concept which generally connotes the crisis created by the absence of meaning and values. According to Nietzsche, who uses negative paradigm indicated by this concept as base of critical approach in his theory, a human being which has no value and meaning will be able to reach a new level of moral and consciousness if and only to experience the crisis in question in first place and turn it into a opportunity immediately after. The one and only individuality that can achieve this is the superman who has the will to reveal a moral composed totally new system of values after turn the crisis into a opportunity. Various projections of nihilism which is able to come in view in daily lives of whole societies occur in a great deal of works of art. Especially, many works of art in literature and cinema, representations of individual which render in this context can be observed. One of the points these representations can be seen is that there are some ‘New Turkish Cinema’ films have been emerged in mid of nineties in Turkey. This tendency is clearly seen in Tayfun Pirselimoğlu’s film Sideway.

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Overcoming the Crisis of Intellectuals: Reconstruction of Educators Professional Identity and Status

Author(s): Olena Yacuna,Mariana Marusynets,Palko Tetiana / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The authors of the article with reference to the discussions about the status of knowledge in the postmodernism discourse and the "crisis of the intellectual" presented in the works by J.F. Lyotard and Z. Bauman, consider these issues in the context of other social challenges. Interpreting the conducted empirical research results, the research also focuses on the multidisciplinary theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature. The authors note that in the absence of metanarratives, the phenomenon of intellectuals and intellectual work is transformed: postmodern epistemology has changed the opportunities of mass education about how things should stand / what to have / how to act into the multiple / polyphonic / variable / fragmentary / collage dissemination of knowledge. As an argument in the "crisis of intellectuals" discussion, the authors analyze the educators` need and motivation sphere emphasizing constant knowledge enhancement to be a priority for them, which logically affects professional identity reconstruction carried out through self-reference. The paper presents an opinion that intellectuals lack self-perception as a reference social group. We conclude that in the information society, public interaction with the media affecting the reconsideration of the intellectual`s role and status serves as a basis for their legitimation. The results of the conducted survey enable us to conclude that raising educators` intellectual level affects their competences in professional practices. The status of the intellectual-educator is legitimized by their activity in training sessions, discussions, meet-ups and other events. The study presents an algorithm for constructing the intellectual-educator in the conditions of social reality challenges. The research substantiates demand for the intellectual-educator who is IT literate, capable of professional reflection, open to change, motivated for continuous self-development, ready for the reconstruction of professional identity from a knowledge transmitter to an erudite, a creative coach, a supervisor and a moderator.

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INTERACTIONS AS SOURCE OF THE CHANGE OF BEHAVIOR IN ADDICTION AND RECOVERY FROM ADDICTION. AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Author(s): Claudia Varga,Ion Copoeru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Based on the findings about the importance of social support network in the success of treatment and long term recovery, this article will provide an insight of the successful elements in addiction individual and group counseling interaction through which addicts manage to overcome the denial of addiction, to accept the recovery program, to go through the stages of recovery, and to identify appropriate research methods for understanding the phenomenon of interaction in recovery from addictions. This exploratory study will attempt to identify an innovative perspective of the aspects pertaining to the recovery from addiction which are susceptible to be disclosed primarily by using methods inspired by the analysis of interactions. The method used in research is qualitative focus group with addictions counsellors and people in recovery, working in a counseling center. Using the application of ELAN software to annotate and transcribe interactions from the video and audio recordings, it will situate the research on addiction and recovery from addiction in the larger field of investigations on communication processes in human interactions in various cultural, social and professional contexts.

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