Субектът в реда и редът в субекта - „Грижата за себе си“ като грижа за чистото и мръсното

Author(s): Simeon Kyurkchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

The first part of this paper addresses the status freedom has in Michel Foucault's philosophical work. For this purpose, I build upon the theoretical work of Gille Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The effort is to understand the relation between the extreme, ecstatic ways of liberation and the particular situation of the subject that “gets free”. The second part of the paper is an attempt to reflect on these theoretical questions through an analysis of specific empirical practices – New Age practices in particular. In order to understand the basic logic of New Age practices, I try to synthesize Foucault's “care of the self”alongside the problems of purity and dirt as symbolic categories in Mary Douglas's theoretical work. This is the main aim of the article – to try to think about the “care of the self” as care for order, care to maintain the symbolic order which takes place at the level of the individual.

„Интерферентната култура“: геополитика на маргиналния феномен

Author(s): Corneliu Bîlbă / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

A former professor at the University of Amsterdam and currently a professor at the University of Bucharest, Sorin Alexandrescu is not only a specialist in semiotics, literary criticism, narratology, and poetics, but also a reputed historian of Romanian modernity. His studies of cultural history, such as Romanian Paradox (1998), Looking backward: Modernity (1999) or Identity in Rupture (2000), analyze the founding moments of modern Romanian culture with concepts and methods derived from cultural discourse theory, Foucauldian archeology or textual deconstruction. In this article, I analyze Sorin Alexandrescu’s discourse of method, which can be found in the prefaces of his books on Romanian intellectual history. Dealing with some methodological issues forged by Nietzsche, Foucault, and Ricoeur, Alexandrescu proposes perspectivism as a general strategy of cultural studies. He refutes the sanctifi cation of culture by modern historiography since that sanctification makes impossible a critical reflection on oneself. Such a critical approach does accept breaks, discontinuities, ruptures and Otherness; it allows to look at oneself through the eyes of the other. This does not mean defining Romanian culture as marginal but as interference culture since the distinction between center and periphery is perspectival. Alexandrescu admits that his method for analyzing the discursive strategies of modern cultural historiography is not only a form of resistance, but also (could be) a form of power-knowledge. His metahistorical reflection is a kind of self-analysis, a hermeneutics of the subject in which one can learn how to resist Foucault.

Казването на истина като пределен отчет. (Към очертаването на една изследователска проблематика)

Author(s): Dimitar Vatsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

Here I examine the performatives of truth-telling as entirely practical – everyday – gestures similar to “accountable actions” in Harvey Sacks’s conversation analysis. According to Sacks, in an everyday conversation, to give an “account” of yourself and of the situation is a standard “device” for overcoming an existing distance between interlocutors or a crisis in communication (as in giving “accounts” in family rows). Three main practical functions can be identified in such everyday accounts: (1) avoiding a crisis in the coordination of action by (2) objectifying the situation (3) for the purpose of further coordination of action. The hypothesis here is that truth-telling performs the same three functions, but takes them to a higher level: truth-telling may turn out to be a specifi c type of an extremely tense account – telling the truth is like giving an account in exceptional circumstances, an account which, itself, is exceptional because it claims to be “ultimate”. Finally, the performatives of telling the truth are gestures of providing ultimately generalized examples, instances, samples, models to be followed. The novelty of this approach is not merely in the comparison to “accounts”, but also in its implications for, above all, cultural studies and political philosophy: If we succeed in demonstrating that truth-telling is such an extreme practical gesture, then we will be able to achieve simultaneously several secondary objectives: (1) to explain the “exceptionality” coefficient in a number of cultural-historical as well as contemporary forms of institutionalization of truth (an oath to the gods or to the Constitution, confession, interrogation, testimony, even inquiry as inquisition in the sense of Michel Foucault); (2) to explain also why truth-telling in everyday life, where we rely on routine coordination of actions, is practically such a rare – exceptional – gesture. But also (3) if telling the truth is a functional device for overcoming distance through objectification, then it is not surprising that despite the substantive variety of the cultural forms of institutionalization, the role of “accountability” – but also the role of “truth” – has been progressively growing since antiquity as a main institutional stake in the ever more mass societies. At the same time, (4) insofar as telling the truth is an entirely and solely situational practical gesture of giving an “account”, the “place of truth” as an institutional stake of democratic policies must be kept as an “empty place” open to contestation, justification, and new proposals.

Разновидности на прагматистката концепция за истината

Author(s): Hristo Gyoshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

In this paper, I focus on the first formulations of the pragmatist conception of truth advanced by Charles S. Peirce, Ferdinand Schiller, William James and John Dewey. I attempt to delineate and compare the particular place of these four conceptions in the common framework of pragmatism, and to estimate their potential to replace the traditional understanding of truth as a ‘correspondence’ with an alternative concept based on the pragmatist understanding of truth. As the results show, the pragmatist philosophers do not really replace 'correspondence' with another concept, and while they often disapprove of it, they tacitly depend on its meaning for their conceptions of truth, which leads to an inconsistent position regarding the concept of correspondence. I also pay attention to the consequences of the pragmatist conceptions about truth for scientific knowledge.

Скица на един принос към изработването на методология за изследване на техниките на биополитическо управление в социалистическите режими и общества

Author(s): Momchil Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

This paper discusses the possibility of applying Foucauldian analytical tools in the study of socialist political regimes and societies. The main argument is that Foucauldian analytics of micro-power relations goes beyond both the totalitarian and revisionist paradigms which focus exclusively on repressive and ideological state apparatuses and see resistance to the regimes as exterior to them. By so doing, both paradigms remain caught in the so-called “repressive hypothesis” accentuating the negative character of power exercised in socialist regimes. Foucault, on the other hand, could give us a more contextualized and complex description of how power relations (and biopolitical techniques in particular) operate positively in concrete historical situations, producing knowledge and truth (not “false consciousness”), groups, individuals, and subjects that function in a constantly unstable (and thus historically changing) conjuncture of forces.

Emancypacyjna obietnica posthumanizmu

Author(s): Joanna Bednarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2014

Fenomenologia ucha

Author(s): Jakub Momro / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

This article offers an introduction to cultural aspects of listening and hearing, voice, as well as the modern and contemporary soundscape. As an alternative to the visual paradigm, Momro outlines a cognitive paradigm based on the voice and sound. He also foregrounds these aspects in theoretical writings that focus on the soundscape of human experience.

Placing the Work of Timothy Morton Within Material Ecocriticism

Author(s): Donald Wesling / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The following article has been based on four monographs as well as two anthologies of texts written after 2007. According to the author, Timothy Morton constitutes a model example of a theorist and a stylist working in the recently established field of material ecocriticism. The essay begins with a short diagram which illustrates various influences on the discipline, from philosophers to literary critics. Bruno Latour, as a theorist who continuously emphasizes the self-agency of non-human subjects (animals, objects), dominates the vertical dimension of the diagram. The horizontal dimension of the diagram, on the other hand, introduces categories which oscillate between animal studies and object-oriented ontology. Morton, in turn, devoted considerable attention to the task of defining the relations between man and animal; however, his latest monographs and essay situate him within the sphere of the object school. The author, then, formulates three questions regarding the role of narration, figurative language and scientific fact in ecocriticism. In turn, those questions, resulting from the study of Morton’s texts, remain pivotal for animal studies as well.

О СООТНОШЕНИИ КАТЕГОРИЙ TO LEKTON В ФИЛОСОФИИ СТОИКОВ И SINN В СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ Г. ФРЕГЕ: ВОПРОС ОБ ИХ ОТНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ СТАТУСЕ

Author(s): Valery Surovtsev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

As previously (ΣΧΟΛΗ 9.2 [2015] 241–252) the article deals with the Stoic category to lekton and G. Frege’s category of Sinn. I explicate some formal features of these categories, which demonstrate the similarity of the Stoic and the Fregean logical theories. In particular, I demonstrate that the concept of “complete lekton” (axiōma) in the Stoic doctrine has the same structure as the concept of thought (Gedanke) in Frege’s semantic theory. However, the formal structural similarity between to lekton and Sinn does not presupposes the ontological similarities in these theories.

«КОНЕЦ КАПИТАЛИЗМА» И БУДУЩЕЕ ИСТОРИИ: ПРОЛЕГОМЕНЫ К ПОСТКАПИТАЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ТЕОРИИ

Author(s): Konstantin Vladimirovich Kondratev,Anton Sergeyevich Krasnov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this article an attempt is made to give a comprehensive critical analysis of the phenomenon of “modern capitalism” in the context of its existential being and further dialectical development. Synthesis and integration of the theoretical and methodological components of social philosophy, political economy, philosophy of language and descriptive metaphysics reveal essential and specific features of modern capitalist society. It is concluded that the internal contradictions of the very essence of modern capitalism will inevitably lead to its elimination. In this regard, the problem of finding a theoretical alternative to the post-capitalist development of the society is raised.

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ЗНАНИЕ В ДИСКУРСИВНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

Author(s): Elina Borisovna Minnullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article shows that social knowledge is generated in communicative action and cannot exist prior to or outside the boundaries of the discourse space in which the action is carried out. The impact of accumulated knowledge on human society is explained not by its existence as a hypostatized sphere of the “third world”, but by the fact that the perlocutionary effect is actualized in a speech act as the articulation of a discourse. Discourse as a cohesion between text and context (extra-linguistic reality) is a purview of social patterns and norms.

ДИОНИСИЙ АРЕОПАГИТ В КОНЦЕПЦИИ Ю.П. ЧЕРНОМОРЦА

Author(s): Sergey Viktorovich Shkuro / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article presents a critical analysis of the hypothesis of the modern Ukrainian theologian and philosopher Yuri Chernomorets, regarding the identity of Dionysius the Areopagite and his theological teaching. A conclusion is made that Y. Chernomorets’s concept is original, innovative and at the same time not devoid of a number of debatable points. Differentiation between ontological and epistemological aspects allows clarifying the Ukrainian researcher’s assumption on the anti-metaphysical nature of areopagitism.

ЗА ГРАНЬЮ КАПИТАЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕОЛОГИИ: К ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВЫ В ОТСУТСТВИЕ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВ

Author(s): Konstantin Vladimirovich Kondratjev,Anton Sergeyevich Krasnov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The paper provides a consistent criticism of modern capitalism from the viewpoint of neo-Marxism. The modern neoliberal capitalist ideology represents a separate fantasmatical hyperreality, which can be reduced to the objective reality only through violence. An attempt is made to analyze the “discourse of impossibility” from the methodological perspective, i.e., as a way for finding possible alternatives in the modern capitalist ideology, which seems to have no other alternatives. The fundamental “ideological triangle” is determined. It consists of neoliberal economic doctrine, neoconservative policy, and neopositivistic philosophy. These three concepts embody the unified episteme of the modern world.

ГЛОБАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ И ЧЕРТЫ

Author(s): Evgenija Mihailova Nikolaeva,Mikhail Dimitrijevich Schelkunov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

This paper considers general trends in the development of global higher education space, which is understood by us as a specific social and cultural universe manifesting itself in the complex of subjective, pragmatic, and environmental components. The trends and features discussed in the paper fix paradigm shifts in the sphere of higher education. These shifts determine its objectives, content, and organizational forms. In the context of the current socioeconomic reality, the role and position assumed by universities are changing dramatically. It becomes an entrepreneurial structure, effectively collaborating with business and government, integrated in the global space of higher education, and participating in knowledge transfer.

Białe kłamstwo w praktyce medycznej z perspektywy wybranych teorii etycznych

Author(s): Krzysztof Sobczak,Agata Janaszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

Does a medical practitioner have a moral obligation to mislead a patient about hiscondition, if he has subjective certainty, that revealing the truth to the patient mayharm him even more? Or, perhaps the practioner is always bound to fully inform thepatient about true state of his health? Idea that pertains to those questions is, in itsnature, achronic. It has accompanied medicine since its birth and has also becomean issue pondered by philosophers. Over the course of centuries, various ethicalfundaments have been created by social and historical contexts. Their purpose wasto evaluate the so called ‘white lie’. The intention of this article is to classify and describemain ethical concepts, within which a solution to this issue has been sought for.

Teologia jako nauka formalna

Author(s): Łukasz Remisiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

Among philosophers of science there are a lot of views about nature of theology in relate to others disciplines. In the article author defends an account according to which theology is a formal science. Firstly he introduces two necessary features of science: semantic exclusivity and practical egalitarianism. Next he examines theological definitions of theology and using Bocheński’s meaning partition he indicates that matter of theology has operative meaning, but not eidetic. In the face of this difficulty, author shows examples of theological researches and exposes its schemes. Furthermore, he presents a final conclusion that theological researches are nothing more than establishing mutual relations between a finite number of terms, in other words the creation of some new conceptual schemes that would be syntactically coherent and logically consistent with other, previously approved, conceptual schemes. Finally he indicates how theology bases on four kinds of rules of sentences’ transformation: rule of syntactic, sources, conclusion-formulating and assigning the truthfulness.

ЛИРИКА Ф.И. ТЮТЧЕВА В СВЕТЕ ФИЛОСОФИИ ПОЗДНЕГО М. ХАЙДЕГГЕРА

Author(s): Albina Mazgarovna Sayapova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper presents an interpretation of F.I. Tyutchev’s vivid philosophical system in relation to the views of M. Heidegger, whose philosophical reasoning is clearly similar to the thoughts of the Russian poet expressed in a number of his works. The symbolic and capacious images of F.I. Tyutchev motivated by “the feeling of anguish and horror” are considered in the context of the late philosophy of M. Heidegger, who was concerned with the problem of the century of industrialization disrupting the harmony between humans and the universe, when a human individual ceases to be “a reflection of the Whole”. The method of “point” hermeneutics provides a possibility to investigate the resonances in the types of attitudes and artistic thinking of M. Heidegger, whose style is characterized by the poetry of word, and F.I. Tyutchev, whose poetry is based on reflection. The creative relationships in the works of both thinkers in the context of the ontological problem designated by M. Heidegger as “the essence in general” are studied.

Logika miejsca i jej zastosowania w analizie niektórych rozumowań prawniczych

Author(s): Anna Kozanecka-Dymek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2016

The subject of the consideration contained in the article is topological logic interpreted as place logic and its possible applications in a logical analysis of legal reasoning. The first part of the article is about significance of widely understood spatial element in a law and about a role of formal logic in legal sciences (especially in dogmatic of law) and in legal discourse. There are also given conditions imposed on logical systems which can be applied to analyse legal reasoning. In the second part there is characterization of topological logic interpreted as place logic. In the third part there are examples of formalization of sentences of legal language and of legal inferences using symbols occurring in place logic. In the article there is shown that such kind of logic can be applied to logical analysis some reasoning conducted in legal language, specifically such reasoning in which there appear sentences including, in an explicit or a hidden way, phrase “in place”, that is, information about that, where certain events are realized.

Bertranda Russella koncepcja monizmu neutralnego

Author(s): Jacek Jarocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2016

The metaphysical view of Bertrand Russell, called neutral monism, is not widely known today, although its impact on the contemporary debate over mind-body problem is clearly visible. The aim of this paper is to answer the question: what was Russell’s neutral monism? Firstly, I present the views of Russell’s predecessors – Ernst Mach and William James. Then, I discuss Russell’s own thought which can be divided into three phases. The initial phase is the rejection of neutral monism (mainly because of Russell’s commitments to epistemology). The second phase – I call it the first neutral monism – appears in The Analysis of Mind, where he proposes a deflationary theory of the object and the subject. The last, third phase – called the second neutral monism, initiated in 1927 in The Analysis of Matter and An Outline of Philosophy – introduces the notions of intrinsic and extrinsic properties. Finally, I suggest that the agnostic metaphysics of Russell is too reductive for a dualist and too mysterious for a materialist. However, it might be also true that Russell’s view is more epistemological than metaphysical, and the frames of (misleading) Cartesian dictionary of mind/matter may be too narrow for neutral monism to be pertinently interpreted.

Korzenie myśli libertariańskiej

Author(s): Hubert Staśkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2016

In this article I discuss the roots of libertarian thought. First I draw a little-known late-scholastic philosophy of the Renaissance period. Then, the theoretical basis for the libertarian direction created: Anglo-Saxon philosophers the Age of Enlightenment and French anti-statists nineteenth century. A fundamental contribution to the popularization this philosophy played in turn: Austrian economics, which created such outstanding figures as Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises and Chicago school of economics under the direction of Milton Friedman.