“The Jingle Man” and the Transcendental Issues

Author(s): Saša Simović / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

Edgar Allan Poe neither cherished nor appreciated the fundamental standing points of American Transcendentalism, never missing the opportunity to express his “disagreement” with the ideas discussed by some leading figures of this religious, literary and philosophical movement in antebellum America. He criticized their “obscurity for the sake of obscurity“, their being prone to vagueness and imprecission as well as the way they perceived the Universe, the Oneness, the Soul of the World and the Soul of the Individual. The aim of this paper is to highlight Poe’s perspective on Transcendentalism, both on the literary scene of the day and in some of his short stories.

„O teorie a dreptății“ și reconectarea filosofiei politice românești la sursele contemporane ale modernității

Author(s): Laurenţiu Gheorghe / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

After 1990, the Romanian political philosophy freed from the compulsory official Marxist dogma had to choose between a range of inadequate options from the viewpoint of current reality: reconnecting with the interwar tradition but in a different historical context; replaying the cold war ideological clash this time from the anti-Marxist perspective, that seemed redundant given the political and economic failure of Marxism or embracing the western post modern discourse, that didn’t reflect in any way the current Romanian political and social realities. Faced with these alternatives it was necessary to regain a philosophical experience of the transition from modernity to post-modernity that will enable the adequate approach to the realities of the transition from communism to post-modern capitalism. Given this context, from a certain philosophical perspective, the study of Rawls from A theory of Justice to Political Liberalism provided a unique opportunity to escape tradition without canceling it, to overcome the socialist-capitalist dichotomy and to connect to contemporary philosophical debates without losing the local perspective.

„Rzeczy pospolite”: stare i nowe pojęcia powszechnika

Author(s): Paweł Rojek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Analytic philosophers usually believe that the problem of universals they discuss is the same problem that was discussed in antiquity and the Middle Ages. However, historians of philosophy point out that the old dispute on universals involved many different issues and did not focus on the currently debated problem of common properties. In my book Tropy i uniwersalia [Tropes and Universals], I assumed that the concept of universals had more or less the same meaning and I interpreted St. Thomas Aquinas’ position as a kind of contemporary realism. My interpretation raised interesting polemics by historians of philosophy, Tomasz Tiuryn and Michał Głowala. In this paper I attempt to examine the similarities and differences between contemporary and medieval understandings of universals and to answer some of their objections. It seems that there were at least three different notions of universals in the Middle Ages. First, they were understood as common beings, strictly identical in many realizations. This concept of universals is perhaps due to the patristic discussions of the Trinity in the fourth century. Second, universals were defined as entities predicated of the many, that is, as general concepts existing in the intellect. Third, and finally, they were thought, especially in late scholasticism, as entities divided into their realizations. Only the first concept agrees with the contemporary understanding of universals. It follows that the medieval and contemporary dispute over universals partially overlap. Finally, I also try to show that the interpretations of Aquinas’s position proposed by Tomasz Tiuryn and Michał Głowala lead in fact to a peculiar position that combines trope theory and Quine’s ostrich nominalism.

„Абсолютна метафорология“ ли е „абсолютната митология“? Мостът между Лосев и Блуменберг

Author(s): Silvia Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2017

The article seeks to find and highlight the conceptual links between Losev’s “absolute mythology” and Blumenberg’s “absolute metaphorology”, viewed in the context of Blumenberg’s work on myth. For this purpose, the simultaneous affinity and contradistinction of myth and metaphor is taken as a support; the two are seen in their inevitable dialectic and in the ontological impossibility of one existing without the other. This dialectic marked Schelling’s idea of primordial (pre-mythical, pre-metaphorical) monotheism, of consubstantiality with otherness. For it’s part, Schelling’s philosophy of myth produces a kind of “mythology of the lost paradise”, which the author outlines in the article, beyond the formulations given in Schelling’s early and later writings. The author thereby proposes a possible way of consolidating the bridge between Losev’s and Blumenberg’s ideas.

„Задачата на преводача“ на Валтер Бенямин и невъзможността за пряко съобщение

Author(s): Kristiyan Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The text analyzes the possibilities to think of pure language as indicated in the harmonization of modes of intention in the translation activity. This language is, in a sense, a regulative idea and it have to be liberated in translation. It is essential to distinguish between the modes of intention and intended objects, between what is named in pure language and what is „overnamed“ in human languages. One of the theses in this text – that language in its auto-relation undergoes auto-modalization – makes the connection with Kierkegaard's understanding of the impossibility of direct communication. The indication of the untranslatable is an opportunity in the language of the translator to insert as indicated the elusive in the translation and thus to introduce the use of a broken language. Awakening of the "echo of the original" means a „thinking more“ (according to Kant) through the figure.

„Изкуствата на тялото“: автор, творба, публика

Author(s): Nikolina Deleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The work is devoted to different forms of body art, where the author uses his own body as a material for making art. These art practices are related to questions about their ontological nature and the criteria for defining and distinguishing art and reality, object and subject, author and work of art. An Identification of different components of the art process - author, work, public, as well as the relationship biological–mechanical–virtual have also been considered.

„Кое характеризира диалога?“

Концепцията на Гадамер за диалога и мястото на „Другия“

Author(s): Joe Momoh / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

In day-to-day discourse, human beings engage in dialogue. Problems arise in the interpretation of language; according to Gadamer, these problems are the basis of hermeneutics (Gadamer 1989: 455). In Truth and Method, Gadamer seeks to provide a link between culture and the understanding of the interpretation of language. Most importantly, Gadamer is concerned with what understanding the “others” have of the information they receive or read and how they make sense of this information, taking into consideration the cultural implications.

„Между историята и вечността“: философският избор на Мишел Фуко през 50-те години

Author(s): Elisabetta Basso / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

This article examines the manner in which Foucault is being related to the existential psychopathology during the 50s, according to the newly deposited Foucauldian archives at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in 2013. In particular, the text concentrates its attention on an unpublished and unedited manuscript: one of the courses of lectures at the University of Lille done by Foucault in 1952–1954, and especially the course on “Phenomenology and Binswanger” (1953–1954). While analysing this Foucault’s course of lectures where the emphasis lies on the philosophical reflexion on the anthropological problem of psychopathology, we are becoming finally able to throw some light upon Foucault’s project of analysing the historicity of the ‘forms of experience’ – a project that has been placed in the very heart of Foucauldian “archaeology” of madness in 1961.

„Новият“ и „старият“ Хюм

Author(s): Yana Miteva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

This article discusses two interpretations of David Hume’s theory of causality. On one side of the debate, there is the Old Hume, whose thought culminated in skepticism, especially with regard to the concept of causality. On the other side is the New Hume, interpreted as accepting the reality of causality. The New Hume rejects the traditional skepticism of the other Hume’s interpretations. The author presents the main theses and characteristics of both the Old and New Hume. Thus emerge the key problem fields of the two interpretations, which appear to be formally identical. The Old and the New Hume apply Hume’s theses but leave their origin framework in Hume’s texts. The result is an epistemological thesis in an ontological context and an ontological thesis in an epistemological context. The problem is resolved by differentiating between these interpretations and their fields. The New Hume is related to an interpretation of causality in the context of relation of ideas. The Old Hume is related to a discussion of matters of facts.

ІСТОРИЧНА СВІДОМІСТЬ У ПРАКТИКАХ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ

Author(s): Georgy Ivanovich Finin / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2020

Problem setting. Questions of historical consciousness, historical memory, patterns of historical knowledge, and trends in the evolution of historical knowledge are constantly in the focus of philosophical research. In the spiritual world of modern youth, historical consciousness is a set of ideas, views, attitudes that allow to accept and appreciate the past in all its diversity. Historical consciousness covers events of different significance and importance is formed not only systematically (through the education system), but also disordered (through the media, fiction. Recent research and publications analysis. Historical consciousness and features of its formation have been the subject of research by such famous scientists as M. Weber, K. Popper, B. Russell, P. Sorokin, O. Spengler, K. Jaspers, M. Hrushevskyi, D. Dontsov and others. Scientists have considered various aspects of the formation of historical consciousness and historical memory. Some aspects of the formation of historical consciousness in the practices of national education in Ukraine are considered in the studies of such scholars as М. Boychenko, V. Vashkevych, А. Zemlianskyi, O. Stasevs’ka, M. Kultayeva, M. Kozlovets and others.Paper objective. The purpose of the article is a philosophical analysis and clarification of the main aspects of historical consciousness in the practices of national education.Paper main body. Historical consciousness in a broad sense should be considered as a specific form of social consciousness that realizes the connection of historical epochs, continuity in the historical process, which provides the relay race of generations. Historical memory is an integral element of historical consciousness (which conceptualizes the relationship of past, present and future) and at the same time it is one of its sources (along with official state concepts, scientific theories, historical mythology, religious teachings, works of literature and art). The main characteristics of historical memory include its social determinism, basicity in the formation of individual and social consciousness, through which it directly affects the social consciousness. Accordingly, it performs the following functions: information (accumulation and transmission of socially significant information); identification (identification of a society or its individual member with a certain historical and cultural community); organizational (structuring society in time); worldview (theoretical understanding of social experience); value-oriented (identification and translation of value meanings, definition of values). Conclusions of the research. Thus, historical consciousness in a broad sense should be considered as a specific form of social consciousness that realizes the connection of historical epochs, continuity in the historical process, which provides the baton of generations.Historical memory is an integral part of historical consciousness and at the same time it is one of its sources. One of the main characteristics of historical memory is its social determinism. Accordingly, it performs the following functions: information; identification; organizational; worldview; value-oriented.Considerable attention is paid to the formation of the historical consciousness of higher education seekers in the national education systems of developed countries, in particular in the United States.

ХИНТИККА О СОКРАТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИИ

Author(s): Vitaly Tselishchev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

A review of: Hintikka, Jaakko. Socratic Epistemology: Explorations of Knowledge-Seeking by Questioning. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Християнски идеи за свободата на човека и нравствения избор според представителите на руската религиозна философия (Ф. Достоевски, Н. Бердяев и Б. Вишеславцев)

Author(s): Kostadin Nushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

Within the framework of this article is made an attempt to mark some important Christian ideas about human freedom and their importance for the formation of some basic positions of Christian ethics on moral self-determination and moral choice. Secondly, the article brings some important philosophical ideas and interpretations of freedom and moral choice of three of the prominent representatives of Russian religious philosophy (F. Dostoevsky, N. Berdyaev and B. Visheslavtsev) who are crucial for the Russian intellectual tradition and philosophical approach to the subject of freedom.

Християнският възглед за страданията в контекста на библейските идеи за Божественото наказание

Author(s): Konstantin Kovachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article is about the Christian and ethical views of the problem related to the suffering reflected in the light of the Biblical points of view and ideas in terms of God’s Rightness and Punishment.

Християнският екзистенциализъм на Сьорен Киркегор и неговите отражения в руската религиозна философия. Лев Шестов и Николай Бердяев

Author(s): Kostadin Nushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article attempts to explore the religious motives in the existential philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard and his influence on the two of the world’s leading representatives of Russian religious philosophy in the twentieth century – Lev Shestov and Nikolai Berdyaev.

Ценностите – универсалии между нормата и емпирията

Author(s): Lyubomir Christov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

In its genesis this work of writing is “nest-like” and particular. It was born in the inevitable for any explorer solitary communion with the books (those most unselfish friends of ours), in conversations, in the spiritual confrontation of concepts, in degrading societal and intellectual relations … Do not ask where! In the overcrowded lap of solitude, of course…. Some of the “nests” date back from those odious totalitarian times. Others shaped up after the “democratic” catastrophe in Eurasia, whose levelling mediocrity and amoral demagogy set out to sweep up certain invaluable and idiosyncratic cultural and ethnic traditions… Verbally, though, they became possible as a result of concentrated philosophical speculation…

Человек в творчестве Михаила Бахтина

Człowiek w twórczości Michaiła Bachtina

Author(s): Svetlana M. Povtoreva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 18/2018

The author claims that M. Bakhtin in his works addresses to the man, his being in the world, his relations with others people. It is analyses the categories of M. Bakhtin’s anthropology, who examine the relation «I – another» as dialog and universal characteristic of man’s consciousness. Author emphasizes that dialogic doctrine of M. Bakhtin represents original direction of philosophical anthropology, which is adequate of challenges of modern world and future of mankind.

Човек и практика

Author(s): Hristo Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The strategic idea behind philosophizing is the modeling of the being from the stand point of the possible synthesis between the finite dimensions of the existing world. The most abstract metaphysical concepts – ideal and material, absolute and relative, mundane and divine, singular and general etc. – find their functional unity by the means of the practical mediation of the opposition – pre-human, human, post-human. In this respect philosophy is the theory of practice and a kind of “spiritual practice“.

Човекът - изваден наново

Author(s): Enyo Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2022

The text offers a review of Prof. Miglena Nikolchina's monumental study "God with Machine: Subtracting the Human", dedicated to fundamental theoretical conceptualizations around anthropological issues. The review dwells in particular on the central conceptual paradox outlined in Prof. Nikolchina's book, namely the double determination of man as "a being who wants to be human" and “being who does not want to be human”

Шелинг – от логос към мит

Author(s): Iliana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

This article aims to analyze the beginning of the transition from logos to myth. To incorporate the religious into his Enlightenment philosophical system, Schelling presents a reconstruction of myth. The conceptions of the religious consciousness of the Self from antiquity as presented. The myth embodies cultural reality and the history of self-consciousness, an idea that was later considered by Mircea Eliade. Myths evolve in parallel with human evolution. The need for the development of abstract thinking and the complex social environment presuppose the new mythology. Christianity in history appears as part of the mechanism of human development, which generally symbolizes the transition from mythology to Christianity. Theology must abstract mythologies from the purely divine, but together they participate in the formation of human consciousness.

Шотландската философия и Шопенхауер. Интерпретации на каузалността

Author(s): Atanaska Cholakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The analysis of causality in Schopenhauer’s conceptualization of the representative model of knowledge presupposes the mentioning of two significant representatives of the Scottish reaction against Hume’s skepticism, namely Thomas Reid and Thomas Brown. The goal of this paper is to explicate some concrete ideas from both of their theoretical systems in relation to the critique of Hume’s notion of causality and later their interpretation in Schopenhauer’s philosophy.