СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ФИЛОСОФСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ: КАК РАБОТАЕТ АРИСТОТЕЛЕВСКАЯ ИДЕЯ ПРАВОСУДНОСТИ?

Author(s): Valeria Petrenko,Irina Enns / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article presents the contemporary socio-philosophical edition of “justice” as the reception of Aristotelian ideas of the purposeful and equal distribution. Ways of a tematization of the “justice” in liberal-philosophical and hermeneutical tradition are analysed on the example of John Rawls and Riker’s positions. The methodological bases of the analysis and representation of this phenomenon are noted as continuations of logic of ancient topics of “justice”. The discourse of justice serves as an area of categorization of duties and obligations, and the sphere of social pragmatics. The authors believe that the specifics of the position proposed by J. Rawls is that his theory of justice is an attempt of transcendental foundation of socialality. The transcendental apriori in Paul Ricoeur′s hermeneutics works differently. He postulates the importance of a peaceful life measurement. In the transcendental dimension justice perceives the source of moral prescriptions in the idea of the Other and manifest itself as an intentional object. In the domain of law justice corresponds to legal prescriptions and application of the rights makes “justice” – in the spirit of Aristotle – the predicate of a specific legal decision.

Срещи на исляма с модерността

Author(s): Stefan Penov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

СТАЊЕ СРПСКЕ ФИЛОЗОФСКЕ МИСЛИ Шта после праксис-филозофије? (Разматрање на подлози дијалога с тезама Михаила Марковића)

Author(s): Dragan Jakovljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 171/2019

Ausgehend von enstprechenden Einschätzungen von M. Markowitsch, werden in diesem Aufsatz mehrfach relevante Aspekte der aktuellen Lage der serbischen Philosophie beleuchtet. So wird das Verhältnis zum Erbe der Praxis-Philosophie betrachtet, mit kritischer Untersuchung von Markowitschs’ Thesen, sowie dem Verweis auf weitere mögliche Perspektiven zur Entfaltung des serbischen philosophischen Denkens. Parallel dazu wird eine Bilanz aus den bisherigen Leistungen gezogen, wobei B. Petronijewitsch als der weiterhin bedeutendste Autor ausgesondert wird. Zugleich werden das Thema des Provinzialismus und des Epigonentums sowie die Möglichkeit einer Affirmation auf internationaler Ebene eröffnet. Dabei wird zugleich auf die Möglichkeit der Schöpfung einer christlichen Philosophie orthodoxen Zuschnitts, als auch auf die des Anschließens an bestimmte, heute aktuelle philosophische Strömungen in der Welt hingewiesen. Letztlich wird die Stärkung des kritischen fachlichen Bewußtseins, der freie Austausch und die Konkurrenz verschiedener Autoren an den akademischen Einrichtungen durch Verdrängung von bestimmten Anomalien und die Förderung internationaler Wettbewerbsfähigkeit befürwortet. Über solche Fragen gilt es, unverzüglich einen Dialog aufzunehmen und entschlossen fortzuführen.

СТОЛКНОВЕНИЕ ДВУХ НРАВСТВЕННЫХ ПАРАДИГМ: «ЛЮБВИ К БЛИЖНЕМУ» И «ЛЮБВИ К ДАЛЬНЕМУ»

Author(s): Evgeniya Olegovna Dubrovnaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this paper, we compare two moral paradigms existing in our society: “love for one’s neighbor” (or Agape), which has developed within the Christian ethical system, and “love for a distant person”, which is proposed by a number of philosophers. We try to show aspects that characterize positively the concept of “love for a distant person” as understood by F. Nietzsche and prove that this principle carries an active and creative basis, which allows a person to act in accordance with the ideals of love, justice and harmony. We also study in detail such philosophical categories as suffering and compassion, which define a person’s life in the ontological aspect.

Субектът в реда и редът в субекта - „Грижата за себе си“ като грижа за чистото и мръсното

Author(s): Simeon Kyurkchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

The first part of this paper addresses the status freedom has in Michel Foucault's philosophical work. For this purpose, I build upon the theoretical work of Gille Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The effort is to understand the relation between the extreme, ecstatic ways of liberation and the particular situation of the subject that “gets free”. The second part of the paper is an attempt to reflect on these theoretical questions through an analysis of specific empirical practices – New Age practices in particular. In order to understand the basic logic of New Age practices, I try to synthesize Foucault's “care of the self”alongside the problems of purity and dirt as symbolic categories in Mary Douglas's theoretical work. This is the main aim of the article – to try to think about the “care of the self” as care for order, care to maintain the symbolic order which takes place at the level of the individual.

Съвременната медицина – наука или изкуство?

Author(s): Veselina Slavova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The aim of the current paper is to discuss medicine as a unity of scientific knowledge, acquired skills, and attitude based on moral responsibility. Following an analysis of the terms ‘science’ and ‘art’, it is suggested that neither of them singlehandedly satisfies the requirements of contemporary medicine and those of medical practitioners. As a science, its focus is rather on the illness itself than on the patient and their needs and preferences. As an art, it prioritises the patients and their individual needs but risks undermining the knowledge and experience of the medical professional. The most beneficial option is a symbiosis between science and art. A dialogue between them would increase the amount of trust in the medical profession as a combination of scientific knowledge and technical skills.

Съгласия и опозиции в дискусията интернализъм – екстернализъм

Author(s): Anna Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article offers arguments for the compatibility of specific types of internalism and externalism in epistemology through a comparative analysis of the approaches based on their aims of investigation. Such compatibility is viewed as possible after the oppositional differences that are related to the elements of justification, are overcome. In this regard, the question about the agents of knowledge is answered, with reference to the thesis about the irreducibility of the internalist condition of reflexive access. Considerations of conceptual clarity and succession are raised with regard to the externalist condition that removes the epistemic arbitrariness in the founding of beliefs.

Сънищата на философа

Тезиси по повод на Декарт

Author(s): Andrey Leshkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The main objective of this paper is to provide a hermeneutical reading of dreams as these are presented by René Descartes. The choice of the mnemocentric approach plays a crucial role when analyzing the way in which Descartes presents three of his dreams. The three are examined from the perspective of three main corresponding propositions put forward for consideration. The analysis of Descartes’ dreams shows that reaching the path of truth, which concerns both the process of dreaming and what is dreamt, is closely tied not with the return to Paradise, but with the fulfilled prophecy of the Revelation. The author raises the issue whether or not the basic dream that marks the philosophically tinged unconscious, as is displayed by Descartes’ dreams, embodies the hope that one day, when language, with its polysemy, will have disappeared, people will finally succeed in contemplating truth surrounded by unspeakable silence.

Сънят-приказка

Author(s): Nikolai Vukov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article deals with the semantic and functional interrelations between folktales and dreams and with the role of dreaming as a component which defines the structure of the folktale plots. The author discusses the symptomatic lack of the dream motif in one of the key studies in the humanities of the twentieth century, Vladimir Propp’s “Morphology of the Folktale” (1928). The study emphasizes the special place that the motif of dreaming has in folktales and analyses the versatile development of the narrative through the situations of “a folktale in the dream” and “a dream in the folktale.” The focus of attention is on the folktales from “One Thousand and One Nights,” through which a range of narrative techniques and plots enter European culture, along with a plethora of themes and motifs related to dreams and dreaming. Based on the analysis, the author elicits two main models of assimilation of dreams/ sleep in folktales: the model of Sleeping Beauty and the model of Scheherazade, which represent respectively sleeping as a fact provoking no plot, and the dream as a tale. The conclusion offers an explanation of the absence of the dreaming motif from Propp’s folktale morphology and draws a parallel between the theory of the functions in folktale plots and the idea of the psyche’s protective mechanisms in psychoanalytical tradition.

Творча діяльність як смисложиттєва форма людської активності: європейська модель

Author(s): Svitlana Ulanova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2010

The paper approaches the definition and purpose of purport and creative activity philosophical and historical thought: the European model.

Тезата на Хамлет, или за научната познаваемост на света

Author(s): Anguel S. Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The aim of the paper is epistemological resemblances and differences to be outlined between the views of the Bulgarian philosopher in the near past Ivan Sarailiev, and the specialist in quantum physics and popularizer of science, the Italian Carlo Rovelli. Both thinkers are interested in the principal knowability of the “ocean of the unknown”, in front of which human knowledge is standing. Both of them start from the premise that I call “Hamlet’s thesis”: “There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy”.

Тези против окултизма в превод на Димитър Зашев

Author(s): Theodor W. Adorno / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Тематизациите на другостта в биографичния проект – от срещите в ежедневието до сблъсъка със смъртта

Author(s): Gergana Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Review of the book "The Others in the Biography of Personality" by Gradev, Marinov and Karabelyova

ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОСТЬ «ПОРИСТОЙ САМОСТИ» ДЖ. РИВЕРЫ

Author(s): SERGEI KOMAROV,DARYA KHOMUTOVA / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

The article analyzes the philosophical concept of the “porous self ” of J. Rivera. The originality of this concept in the post-phenomenological project is determined by the role of theological constructions that modify the primal experience of self-consciousness. This modification allows us to interpret the phenomenological description of the human self as different from the classical — “porous” temporality, i.e., correlating through “two entrances” — the internal and external — with eternity. Within this approach, the primary phenomenon of the constitution of the “porous” self becomes the inner word(Verbum interior), which in the appeal to eternity turns out to be the original self-awareness of the self as a temporality. The secondary phenomenon of the constitution of the “porous” self is not the mundane temporality of M. Heidegger, but Epektasis as an intense striving towards the end of time in General. The worldly temporality of the self, transformed by faith, is phenomenologically revealed as open to eternity in each of its moments. The third phenomenon of the temporality of the self is Memoria, whose interpretation reveals how the structure of the inner consciousness of time by E. Husserl can beframed ontologically and harmoniously integrated into the theological concept. The article shows how,based on this understanding of both the internal and external openness of the “porous” self for eternity,the integral structure of its temporality is formed. The temporality of the porous self is a modificationof Husserl’s time diagrams and the intertwining of two streams of temporality at the same time frompast to future and from future to past, which itself constitutes a phenomenal field of events of self. Thisunderstanding of temporality sets new perspectives for the phenomenological analysis of subjectivity.

Теорията за запознанството и проблемът за логическата форма

Author(s): Denitsa Zhelyazkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

With this text I intend to explain the motives that provoke Bertrand Russell to introduce the acquaintance as a kind of immediate knowledge into his philosophy. The thesis I will defend is that without the admission of such a kind of knowledge it would not be possible to speak of the explication of logical form of the propositions. The acquaintance appears in the Principles of Mathematics (1903) as a kind of immediate knowledge of indefinable concepts: "acquaintance like the taste of pineapple". In the period around 1903, it was inextricably linked to Russell's ontological assumptions. The philosopher does not use constructs logical form or logical experience either in the Principles of Mathematics (1903) or in the manuscript of Functions (1904). As will become clear, however, in the period around 1903, can be speaks of logical experience, and under the "element creating unity of the proposition" (1903) and "way of combining" (1904), Russell takes into account the logical form. In 1913, in the epistemological manuscript Theory of Knowledge, Russell explicitly introduced the "acquaintance with the logical form" as a guarantor for the meaningful combination of the constituents of proposition. Only then does the acquaintance with the form be defined as "logical experience" or "logical intuition".

Теорията на Карл Ясперс за осевото време като евристика при анализа на култури

Author(s): Jan Assmann / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The paper criticizes Karl Jasper’s notion of the “axial age” with which the German philosopher dates the emergence of modern man around the middle of the first millennium BC. According to Egyptologist Jan Assmann such historical and mental change has indeed taken place in Antiquity, although not simultaneously, let alone unambiguously and unidirectionally as suggested by the talk of “axiality”. The use of historical and philological data to examine theoretical claims makes visible the central contribution of the text, which lies in the analysis and the further elaboration of the terminology we use in order to extend our understanding of our own and other cultures.

Топика на априорното

Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

By introducing the a priori-investigation of the reason, Kant poses the possibility of one separate area, or method, or thematic in the transcendental analysis of the pure forms of reason. Do the a priori then have its own field which could distinct the derivation of those pure forms and so the a priori alone to differentiate itself among the three, delineated inside the boundaries of reason, areas of the basic faculties of pure reason – sensibility, understanding and reason. We raise the question – whether the a priori is connected with a meta-posing of the transcendental procedure as a reflection upon the activity and possibilities of the reason itself. And from this point on to differentiate the a priori with its own elements and progress of realization and so the a priori could find its own topics in the hole constitution of pure consciousness.

Топологическая модель философии Жиля Делёза в соотношении с исторической моделью

Topologiczny model filozofii Gilles’a Deleuze’a wobec modelu historycznego

Author(s): Anastasija Chejz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 18/2018

In the article the author demonstrates what topological model of philosophy is an in what relation it is to the traditional historical model, that leans against principle of historical and logical unity. Accor-ding to this principle, philosophy is realized exceptionally in history of philosophy. In addition, the author answers the questions: how the history of philosophy and geophilosophy linked, what concepts do it enter and what consequences it has for understanding of the process of philosophizing and activity of the historians of philosophy.

Трансцендентализмът на съзерцанието в ранния будизъм

Author(s): Ivan Kamburov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The present article analyses in depth the transcendental specificity of contemplation in Early Buddhism and the functional significance of the Buddhist dharma theory. In addition, it describes the phenomenological procedures of Buddhist reductionism and compares them with the phenomenological paths of Western philosophy – particularly the phenomenological manner of thinking.

Трансцендентално и метафизическо, лингвистично и естетическо в анализите на Де Ман и Дельоз върху Кантовото възвишено

Author(s): Georgi Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The article is dedicated to the juxtaposing of the interpretations of Kant’s Analytic of the Sublime (Critique of the Power of Judgement) made by two important postmodern teoreticians – Paul de Man and Gilles Deleuze. What is common between them is revealed in the concept of surface and hencem, of materialism. Materialism should be understood as a one-plane ontology, absence of all transcendence, while the concept of surface – as a suspicion to everything interior, to everything „hidden“, and privileging the linguistic over the conceptual. De Man finds in Kant a version of the Sublime that is materialistic, close to the Deleuzian ontology. The text finally presents its own hypothesis of the conceptual difficulties Kant stumbles upon.