ТРАНСЦЕНДЕНТНАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ МУЛЛЫ САДРЫ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЭТИКА

Author(s): Mohsen Shiravand / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

This paper describes the philosophical system of the transcendental wisdom of Mulla Sadra. His theory proposes the principality of existence and its individual unity, which justifies the multiplicity of the Universe and the hierarchy of existence. The authors show the possibility to substantiate environmental ethics by the philosophical system of Mulla Sadra, since his understanding of existence as an indivisible unity implies the strategy of non-interference in the life of Nature as a manifestation of God.

Третичният мисловен процес на кръстопътя между метапсихологията, когнитивната наука и невронауката

Author(s): Petar Radoev Dimkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The strict differentiation between the abstract-verbal-logical thought (the Freudian secondary thought process) and the primitive, fantastic thought (primary thought process) is conditional and the border between the two is not clear-cut. This fact allows one to postulate the existence of a third thought process, which would fill the empty space. The third process, essentially, can be defined as concrete, imaginative representation of abstract notions, which is subjected to modifications of volition or as a regress in the name of the ego. Due to this position, the question about the third process touches upon some ancient philosophical questions, e. g. the origin of notions, in particular, the so-called conceptual empiricism, and the transcendental schematism of Kant. Also involved are the contemporary psychological research on representations as concrete and nonetheless generalizing image as well as fantastic imagination and reproductive imagination. The third process reveals itself as invaluable means to creative thought, which, in comparison with the secondary process, is elastic and plastic, and exactly due to this fact it can be subjected to modification (constructivism). Subjectivism and constructivism allow one to view this thought process from a philosophico-practical point of view.

Трите смърти на Сергей Булгаков (софиология на смъртта)

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The text comments on the reflections of the Russian thinker Sergei Bulgakov on death, presented in the light of his doctrine of Σοφία. The article traces in chronological order the development of the theme of death in his works, beginning with the pre-revolutionary works “Philosophy of Economy” (1912) and “Unfading Light: Contemplations and Speculations” (1917), and ending with “Sophiology of Death” (1940). The author describes Bulgakov's three meetings with death, which gave rise to his special sophiology of death. The notion of death is analyzed as included in the divine kenosis, and not as an ontological misunderstanding. Death is also seen as a moment present in the dialectic of life – It does not disturb the beauty of creation.

Убедителна, оригинална и ясна пост-прагматистка онтология на истината

Author(s): Aneta Karageorgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2017

Уроки Ханны Арендт: внеконтекстуальные проблемы системы организованной лжи

Wykłady Hannah Arendt: pozakontekstualne problemy systemu zorganizowanego kłamstwa

Author(s): Viktor P. Makarenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 16/2016

The author of the article, based on original interpretation of the Hannah Arendt’s concept, presents the problem of the truth in politics. He analyses the relations between the truth and politics, the truth and the opinion, the truth of the mind and the truth of the fact, the position of the philosopher and the position of the citizen. These issues are considered in the context of the relation between the technical progress and the improvement of the means of violence. This improvement has led to the wars. The consequence of this state of affairs is the system of organized lie as a weapon against the truth in politics.

УЧАСТНИКИ, ИГРОКИ, ГЕРОИ И ПЕРСОНАЖИ РЕАЛИТИ-ШОУ: СПЕЦИФИКА ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ

Author(s): Eleonora Georgievna Shestakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

In this article, we for the first time formulate the problem of naming participants of a reality show. The definitions of the names participant, hero, character and player are regarded in the philosophical and cultural aspect. These concepts have complex semantic relations –from synonymous to paradoxical and antagonistic. We show that reality show is a deep ontological and existential problem of self-imitating world and man, which lose the basis and essence of understanding as such and are almost devoid of the ability to understand.

ФАНТАСТОВЕДЕНИЕ И ТЕОРИЯ ЖАНРОВ

Author(s): Artem Aleksandrovich Zubov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Science fiction studies is a relatively young branch of the humanities that has emerged in the middle of the 20th century. Currently, science fiction studies is a vast network of interdisciplinary research that concentrates on functionality and poetics of fantastic (or, as John Clute has promoted since 2007, ‘fantastika’) literature, cinema, video games, comics etc. Search for genre identity is one of the main concerns of the genre theory in both academic methodology and science fiction studies. Scholars commonly single out three main approaches in the genre theory: essentialism, structuralism, and pragmatism. None of the approaches is universal, i.e., they are all characterized by both benefits and certain limits. While the former two approaches are influential and established analytical paradigms, the latter one is a recent analytical invention. Pragmatism of the genre theory is interdisciplinary per se – its methodology is based on social sciences, sociology of literature, cultural studies, and discourse studies. Pragmatism derives from a number of branches of the humanities in order to solve fundamental problems of the literary theory, particularly the problem of genre genesis. This paper is an attempt to delineate contours of the genre theory in science fiction studies from essentialism to pragmatism.

ФЕНОМЕН EREIGNIS В ФИЛОСОФИИ М. ХАЙДЕГГЕРА

Author(s): ALEXEY STOVBA / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

The article is devoted to the reasoning of the „Ereignis“ phenomenon in the philosophy of M. Heidegger.It is worth to emphasize that one of the main trends in contemporary philosophy is an attempt of creation of new–non-substantial–ontology. The very specificity of such ontology lies in the fact that classical substance is replaced by the dynamical configuration of sense, which is not “purely theoretical ”but “ontological” in its core. “Ontological” means, in fact, that it is impossible to separate the mode of Being of phenomena from the process of thinking about them. Heidegger’s philosophy was one ofthe first attempts to create such ontology. It is worth to point out the three steps of the Heidegger’sstudies of Being. The first, “fundamental-ontological” step is characterized primarily through the “ontologicaldifference” between Being and entity, when the phenomenon of time represents by itself theirhidden basis. During the second, “radical-ontological” period, Heidegger has already carried out his famous “turn.” In compliance with this “turn,” the truth of Being, die Lichtung, substitutes time as the “pre-ontological” basement of Being. In this case, Being itself transforms into the Event, „Ereignis“. On the third, “post-ontological” stage of studies the focal point of Heidegger’s thought is “post-ontological difference” between the Being of entity and Being itself. On this stage both Being and time are rooted in the phenomenon of „Ereignis“. The latter has been now transformed from being a “simple Event” into a“matter of fact” (the new interpretation of the Husserl’s famous „die Sache selbst“) as the alternation of the “disclosedness” and “concealness” of Being and time. In this case, „Ereignis“ is not quasi-substantial basement of Being, time or entity but it shows itself as its “Beginning” („Anfang“), when the Truth of Being is replaced by the dynamical sense configuration of the event, i.e., a “matter of fact.” Thus, Heidegger has conceptually created a new type of thnon-substantial ontology, the core of which is the phenomenon of „Ereignis“ as the dynamical singular configuration of the temporal-ontological sense of the Event itself.

Феноменологичният дискурс на категорият

Author(s): Silvia Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

One of the fundamental results of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason is the deduction of the system of the categories of understanding and the defining of the category only as an intellectual mode for producing the objects of knowledge. This poses the categories in active connection with the sensible manifold, but also raises the question as to how the categories participate in constructing an object. Kant formulates the problem of the necessary connection between category and appearance and offers two main approaches for its solution. The first approach, related to the categories, is based on the „combinatorics“ of the categories themselves, which fulfills the conceptual map of all thinking. The second approach uses other ways, which operate by means of the conditions of sensibility. The aim of this article is to proceed further in the first approach and to deduce a special condition that provides the pure categorical approach to the phenomena. By considering this condition, we formulate the search for the discourse of the categories, the term that Kant uses to define the categorical participation in knowledge. The discourse of a category is the field for formatting the objects as parts of experience, as the totality of all objects. The discourse is directed by the higher conceptual points in the synthesis of the appearances; these are the four general concepts of classes in the system of categories. Each discourse is developed as a model of world-constructing, with its own type of objects, relations, ultimate reason of totality. Through this are outlined the basic conditions in the general project of ontology.

Феноменологичното мислене: смисълът на „при“. Хайдегеровата феноменология на битието

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The definition of phenomenon as the showing-itself-from-itself reveals the ontological importance of from for phenomenology. It aims to resolve the problem of the dual split of the foundation of metaphysics by proposing the ontological identity of the phenomenon, whereby it becomes a basis of phenomenological thinking. There are two conditions for the possibility of phenomenological thinking: the reduction of thought to passivity, and being itself, which is accessible in a transcendence of ontological trust. As a hermeneutic of being, phenomenology is an ontology of truth.

Феноменология и мислене без способности

Author(s): Ivaylo Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The article sketches an approach to an analysis of the reasons for the contemporary sceptical attitude towards the philosophical relevance of classical thinking in terms of the notions of faculties and forces. This distrust is regarded as one of the subversive points of a newly construed „neo-Kantian consensus“ between the opposite, more or less strict, borders of the contemporary philosophical analytic-continental rift. Husserl’s scepticism towards the critical notion of the transcendental function of the power of imagination is analyzed in the context of the strong influence of the psychological and anthropological misinterpretations of Kant’s transcendental deduction of the categories. In this context, of particular importance is Wolfgang Carl’s elucidation of Kant’s ubiquitous term Erkenntnisvermögen, construed as Quelle, in the sense of a source of epistemic justification of both the semantic contents and the objective validity of the concepts; it is thus clearly opposed to its false psychological reading (in the influential 19th century debate between Fries and Herbart) as a generative source of factual cognition.

Феноменология на въображението

Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The phenomenology of imagination must be built on the becoming of the specific phenomena produced by the creative power of the imagination. Here the imagination is established as an autonomous faculty with its own region, and the constitution of its phenomena aims to build the art image. The genesis of the art image is defined in the conditions of Kant’s productive synthesis, carried out on autonomous procedures and rules, and the steps in the generation of the art image in the pure continuum of intuition are traced. The objective modes in the work of the imagination are subdivided into real, on depiction and generalization of external reality, purely fantastic, on an entirely artistically generated world, and hybrid, which always mixes elements of the real and the fantastic. As a telos of the art phenomenon, the relation towards the Absolute Ideal of Beautiful is stated, which relation is understood by Husserl as “setting the norm” of ideality for the art object.

Феноменът интуиция в невробиологична перспектива

Author(s): Kaloyan Nechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The word intuition is widely used as an umbrella term both in the non-specialized everyday environment and in specialized humanities literature. It is often accepted unconditionally, even though there is a lack of consistent and satisfactory attempts to clearly define the notion. In the field of philosophical inquiries, it is a common practice to use the notion of intuition as an implicit argumentative component as well as a guarantor of legitimacy in the unfolding of speculative “discourses”. Taking this to be the prevailing case, considering the term in question from a neurobiological perspective seems to be a somewhat productive endeavor insofar as it can provide clarity on the physiological prerequisites involved in the realization of the specific subjective attitudes and dispositions, the latter of which play a certain role in the adoption of rationally substantiated arguments and conclusions. A number of scientific studies report a direct correlation between the higher cognitive functions, responsible for the making of logico-rational inferences, and the limbic system, which governs the manifestation of unreflected irrational attitudes and reactions. In the light of such empirical evidence, any frivolous usage and reference to methodological components such as “rational intuition” seems highly problematic, to say the least.

Фигурата на гения: варианти на граничност

Author(s): Sylvia Borissova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The word ‘genius’ has a particularly strong aura in the so-called ‘star age of geniuses’ (I. Passy) – during those memorable for modern Western aesthetics three decades from the late eighteenth – early nineteenth century, when in the face of Kant and the early Romanticists both an unprecedented flowering of the creative individuality with its endless labyrinth of inner worlds and attention to it were observed. Over time, the word ‘genius’ enters everyday language, which enriches the layers of its meaning. The pledge of this article is to typologize the basic nuances of the philosophical-aesthetic concept of genius, which means: to outline the main types of borderness of genius as an aesthetic figure.

Фигури на пречупването: некласически модели и модализации

Author(s): Kristian Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

In the present experimental text I will show how thinking the body as an image-body refers to the impossible figures of its infinite 1) heterosimultaneous opening (unfolding the layers to the figure of a monster) and 2) shrinking to a point of impossibility (of narrative suspension, freezing in a figure) – which are two ideal poles. This double impossibility constitutes a fracture, conceived through illustricture as a (meta)figure. The collaborative work of two models – that of the Galilean pendulum, adapted for stage production, and the topological-quantum model of Deleuze and Guattari – will serve to analyze modalizations, in which analysis, alter-potentiality will be tested as a non-classical alternative in different contexts of subjectivation. The disjunctive synthesis of points from co-impossible surfaces, in the perspective of the connected models, allows us to think as unpredictable the development of the conceptual potentiality of autopoietic production beyond the stopping point of figuring in a figure

Философи и философки - Сартр, Бовоар и другите. Авторитети и императиви

Author(s): Evdokiya Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2020

This article discusses male and female authorities in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology. It explores the dominance and expansion of existentialism over the soft power of phenomenology and feminism, the habits of life and metaphysical notions about life, mothers and sons, lonely philosophers, Christianity and atheism, repression and the free soul, the ubiquitous authority of Jean Paul Sartre, and the imperative that you must be free. It also discusses the strength of the „second“ sex and the weaknesses of the male, the pseudo-authorities of gender in general, as defined by Simone de Beauvoir, and, finally, examines alcohol intoxication and the authority of women‘s drinks – the ubiquitous apricot cocktails, which have become a basis for phenomenology.

Философия и управленска култура

Author(s): Lachezar Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

In this study are considered: Philosophy – included in the values of the organization and management culture; philosophy as a factor and a model in public management and the practical activities; philosophy and pragmatic orientation of management actions.

Философия как софия. К постдисциплинарному знанию

Filozofia jak sofia. Ku wiedzy postdyscyplinarnej

Author(s): Ilya Levyash / Language(s): Russian Issue: 15/2015

The author reflects the crisis situation of philosophical knowledge answering the following questions: why philosophy is no longer needed and what should be done to save it from this crisis? The answers require learning the sources, being and consequences of its traditionally known “shine” throughout its evolution as well as its subtle “poverty”.

Философия с кауза

Author(s): Nonka Bogomilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

The paper discusses and analyzes the specificities of the creative interpretation as a reading comprehension. The creative product, especially in philosophy with a cause, is described as a personal projection of the author in the light of his/her professional background, values preferences, existential psychology. A special attention is paid to the value aspect of the creative process and the role of the author’s attitude within it. The studies in the philosophical-anthropological sphere are debated within the same perspective; the intellectual and the social challenges the author usually meets in this process are discussed.

Философската антропология във възгледите на Лудвиг Фойербах

Author(s): Sasho Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

In the wider sense, the concept of philosophical anthropology covers all views on the nature and essence of man since the remotest antiquity, whereas in its narrower associations it points to a philosophical discipline and a conceptually diverse movement that differentiated itself in the first half of the 20th century, joint together by the intention to define the foundations and spheres of man’s own being. It is considered to have formed upon the philosophical reflections of M. Scheler, H. Plessner, E. Rothacker, etc. Many scholars, however, have failed to recognize the fact that a number of the basic principles developed later on in the different views on man, were, for the first time, already to be found in a complex form and in the highest degree in the philosophy of L. Feuerbach.