„Абсолютна метафорология“ ли е „абсолютната митология“? Мостът между Лосев и Блуменберг

Author(s): Silvia Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2017

The article seeks to find and highlight the conceptual links between Losev’s “absolute mythology” and Blumenberg’s “absolute metaphorology”, viewed in the context of Blumenberg’s work on myth. For this purpose, the simultaneous affinity and contradistinction of myth and metaphor is taken as a support; the two are seen in their inevitable dialectic and in the ontological impossibility of one existing without the other. This dialectic marked Schelling’s idea of primordial (pre-mythical, pre-metaphorical) monotheism, of consubstantiality with otherness. For it’s part, Schelling’s philosophy of myth produces a kind of “mythology of the lost paradise”, which the author outlines in the article, beyond the formulations given in Schelling’s early and later writings. The author thereby proposes a possible way of consolidating the bridge between Losev’s and Blumenberg’s ideas.

Васил Хаджистоянов-Берон и българският образователен идеал

Author(s): Nina Ivanova Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

This essay attempts to present Vasil Hadjistoyanov-Beron’s views on education in the context of the Bulgarian national revival. Vasil Beron (1804–1909) was a nephew of Petar Beron, the greatest Bulgarian scientist of his time; unlike his uncle, he was closely associated with the Bulgarian enlightenment. Vasil Beron was very much concerned with the balance between natural sciences and the humanities as components of the education of Bulgarians in the second half of the 19th century. As a doctor of medicine and author of works in the field of history of sciences, he insisted that philology, logic, psychology, theology, history, etc., should be taught in Bulgarian schools. The article draws a parallel between his views on the educational system in Bulgaria and public debates on the same topic that went on in the interwar period.

Апология на разума

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article attempts to overcome the so-called "interpretations with the first derivative" in the interpretation and evaluation of Logic by Vasil Hadjistoyanov-Beron. For this purpose, we emphasize the importance of Kant's philosophy for the proper comprehension of a number of Vasil Beron’s basic views on the relation between psychology and logic, between philosophy and the natural science, and others.

Образът на мъртвия Христос в романа „Идиот“ и религиозният светоглед на Фьодор Достоевски

Author(s): Igor Evlampiev,Inga Matveeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

In the article, on the basis of the analysis of the pictorial image of the Dead Christ present in the novel “The Idiot”, it is concluded that the novel refers not only to the work by Hans Holbein “The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb”, but to the whole tradition of representation of Christ dead and alone, and in particular to Titian’s later work “Pietà”. Holbein’s painting probably caught Dostoevsky’a attention with the fact that it depicts a dead Christ, who still has signs of life. It is the “inconclusiveness” of Christ’s death that gives rise to doubts in his resurrection, because during that period Dostoevsky considered the resurrection of Christ not as a new existence in the form of an independent person, but as an entry into the “general Synthesis” and a merger with all the humanity and even with the entire universe. The analysis of the meaning of Titian’s canvas “Pietà” leads to the idea (probably shared by Dostoevsky) that our world was created by an evil God and is ruled by the forces of evil; this allows us to speak of an affinity of the points of view of the two artists-thinkers with Gnostic Christianity.

Мишел Фуко и западната медицина

Author(s): Dmitry Mikhel / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article analyzes Michel Foucault’s philosophical ideas on Western medicine and delves into three main insights that the French philosopher developed to expose the presence of power behind the veil of the conventional experience of medicine. These insights probe the power-disciplining function of psychiatry, the administra¬tive function of medical institutions, and the role of social medicine in the adminis¬trative and political system of Western society. Foucault arrived at these views by way of his intense interest in three elements of the medical system that arose almost simultaneously at the end of the 18th century: psychiatry as “medicine for mental illness”, the hospital as the first and most well-known type of medical institution, and social medicine as a type of medical knowledge focused more on the protection of society and far less on caring for the individual. All the issues Foucault wrote about stemmed from his personal and professional sensitivity to the problems of power and were a part of the “medical turn” in the social and human sciences that occurred in the West in the 1960s and 1970s and led to the emergence of medical humanities. The article argues that Foucault’s histories of the power of medical knowledge were philosophical histories of Western medicine. Foucault always used facts, dates, and names in an attempt to identify some of the general tendencies and patterns in the development of Western medicine and to reveal usually undisclosed mechanisms for managing individuals and populations. Those mechanisms underlie the practice of providing assistance, be it the “moral treatment” practiced by psychiatrists before the advent of effective medication, or treating patients as “clinical cases” in hospitals, or hospitalization campaigns that were considered an effective “technological safe-guard ” in the 18th and most of the 19th century.

Епископът и философите: Мил

Author(s): Liuben Sivilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

In a series of six articles the reactions of philosophers to the epochal achievement of Bishop Berkeley, set out in his “An Essay Towards A New Theory of Vision“ are followed. The comments to the theory of Berkeley became the occasion for the modern reader to focus on overwhelming conclusions about the philosophical life and philosophical education in Bulgaria. The fourth article deals with John Stuart Mill.

Хегел и журналистиката

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov,Simeon Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The article is dedicated to a life period of the great German philosopher G.W.F. Hegel when he actively carried out journalistic and editing activities in Bamberg. In this context, the authors think of the matter of journalism and press as a choice and vocation, as well as of media and its role in the historical shift. To some extent, we could say that Hegel’s work as a journalist and publicist traces the image of the journalese profession as a reasoning and standpoint about freedom, history, national identity, communication with personalities of historical importance and active influence in politics. Media is an inseparable part of Modern World, and everyone who are engaged in it as journalists, editors, publicists, and authors, bear the high responsibility to rethink the historical process and free actions of all the active citizens who take part in it as an aspiration for partnership or a stand on a question in a conflict. Hegel’s activity as a journalist is connected with his philosophical ideas of freedom, history, evolution, and, as such, it imposes high demands on journalese profession, still valid on this day.

Фигурата на гения: варианти на граничност

Author(s): Sylvia Borissova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The word ‘genius’ has a particularly strong aura in the so-called ‘star age of geniuses’ (I. Passy) – during those memorable for modern Western aesthetics three decades from the late eighteenth – early nineteenth century, when in the face of Kant and the early Romanticists both an unprecedented flowering of the creative individuality with its endless labyrinth of inner worlds and attention to it were observed. Over time, the word ‘genius’ enters everyday language, which enriches the layers of its meaning. The pledge of this article is to typologize the basic nuances of the philosophical-aesthetic concept of genius, which means: to outline the main types of borderness of genius as an aesthetic figure.

Философски интерпретации на некласическите логики

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The paper examines questions that are essential to the philosophical interpretation of modern logic. The enormous number of different non-classical logics leads some philosophers to doubt the possibility of classifying them. Our objective requires a classification corresponding to the philosophical interpretation and importance of the systems rather than to their formal technical elements. This will not be a classification in the precise sense of the word, but a “typologization”, since a system may have different interpretations and the demarcation will not be strictly exclusive. I propose the following “typologization” of logics, corresponding to their philosophical evaluation (this is a “typologization”, and maybe even a classification, of the basic, most important and crucial philosophical-methodological interpretations of logical systems): “Logical systems serving as bases for a mathematical theory”; “Logical systems – attempts for the explication of logical inference”; “Logical systems expressing epistemological aspects. Logical systems related to ontological aspects”; “Logical systems as pure mathematical models without philosophical justification”; “Applied logic”; “Quasi-logical studies of language”.

Ecumenical issues in Józef Herbut’s philosophy of religion

Author(s): Kazimierz M. Wolsza / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 20/2020

The philosophy of religion constituted one of the main fields of research by Prof. Józef Herbut. He created an original version of the analytical philosophy of religion. With the use of logical means, he analysed various dimensions of religion, primarily religious language. During the last period of his work, Herbut included ecumenical issues in his philosophical research. His research on these issues consisted of two stages. During the first stage, Herbut tried to create a specific logic of ecumenism. He hypothesised that the reason for the crisis of ecumenical dialogue consists in the lack of a clearly defined goal. Using the logical set theory, Herbut constructed possible models of doctrinal unity of different denominations. These models were constructed a priori, without reference to actual dialogues. During the second stage of his project, Herbut focused on the content of Catholic and Evangelical doctrines presented in catechisms. Here, he also put forward a research hypothesis that the languages of Catholic and Evangelical theology are different because they include different philosophical assumptions. These assumptions reach back to the medieval problem of universals. The language of Catholic theology is heavily influenced by moderate realism, and the language of Evangelical theology is influenced by moderate nominalism (these are two of the four standpoints in the problem of universals). Herbut’s research project is original and innovative in terms of Polish philosophical and theological literature. However, in foreign language literature it is possible to find ones analogous to Herbut’s project (József Fuisz, Charles Morerod).

Ruiny dialektyki

Author(s): Michał Pospiszyl / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2020

Неевклидова геометрия в „Критика на чистия разум“?

Author(s): Rosen Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The paper discusses a traditionally construed as problematic aspect of Kant's philosophy of mathematics: the place and importance of non-Euclidean geometry in the structure of mathematics. Kant's conception of pure intuition in mathematics is usually considered incompatible with the existence of mathematics, leaving no place for the latter. In this paper I argue that we can find a place for them, provided we know where to look. Of key importance in this respect is the concept of symbolic construction, which Kant employs in his discussion of algebra. The concept makes it possible to sidestep the limitations related to the requirement of constructibility in pure intuition. The development of Hilbert's formalism in the philosophy of mathematics can be seen as a continuation of this move that makes manifest its full potential, which was not, and even could not, be realized by Kant.

Безкрайното време – произход и форма

Author(s): Bogdana Paskaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The article takes as a starting point Jacques Derrida's article “Ousia and gramme”. According to Derrida’s analysis, time, in the Western philosophical tradition, can be thought of as infinite only within the model of an infinite cyclical rotation. Then, employing arguments from Aristotle’s analysis of time in Book IV of Physics, the article seeks to prove that the infinity of time can be understood (from Aristotle’s point of view) as non-cyclical as well, inasmuch as the interpretation of the concept of time can be effectuated separately from the structure of the cosmos of which it is the time. Thus, we may assume that a concept of non-cyclical infinite time can be found in Aristotle’s account of time.

Introduction

Author(s): INETA KIVLE,Raivis Bičevskis: / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The thematic coverage of this special issue was to some extent influenced by the international interdisciplinary conference “Let things be! Edmund Husserl 160, Martin Heidegger 130,” which took place at the University of Latvia, Riga in December 2019, the proceedings of which can be read in the journal “Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology” (Kivle, Bičevskis & Lācis, 2020, 373–381). Any researcher of phenomenology and hermeneutics was invited to contribute to the content of this issue. As a result, the journal’s topics cover issues of the history of phenomenology, the detailed application of the phenomenological method in the study of specific phenomena, Husserl’s or Heidegger’s concepts and the importance of phenomenology and hermeneutics in other fields of knowledge and art. The topics of the journal deviate from in-depth analysis of transcendental philosophy, fundamental ontology, and phenomenological methods, and draw attention to the understanding of certain concepts and their possible modification in specific situations and thematic areas, looking at the history of phenomenology in a regional context.

„Дали ангелският или човешкият интелект е активен с оглед на причиняването на интелектуалните действия?“ Окам относно волевото задвижване на мисълта

Author(s): Simeon Mladenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The current paper is part of a larger project, that is devoted to exploring the connection between the will and epistemology in the texts of several Franciscan authors. Ockham is an author who stressed the freedom of the will, its self-movement and self-reflection to an extreme. Concerning the theory of the activity of the intellect, he was rather a sceptic. Denying the basic arguments for a natural activity of the intellectus agens, Ockham tries to solve an epistemological issue. There are different steps of an epistemological process, which do not involve a complete knowledge of the examined object. Doubt or probability are certain moments of an epistemological process that can be explained only if we introduce an extra faculty besides the intellect. This has to be a faculty that – unlike the intellect – does not move necessarily as a natural faculty would do, but is contingent, can activate itself and move itself freely and spontaneously. Since the will is the only faculty that suits the description, Ockham tries to make the argument that the will plays a role in the epistemological process of acquiring knowledge. The different levels of concentration, the ability to intensify or even to retract a certain act of the intellect is according to Ockham the direct influence of the activity of the will. The current paper tries to elaborate on this issue.

Mathematics and metaphysics: The history of the Polish philosophy of mathematics from the Romantic era

Author(s): Paweł Polak / Language(s): English Issue: 71/2021

The Polish philosophy of mathematics in the 19th century is not a well-researched topic. For this period, only five philosophers are usually mentioned, namely Jan Śniadecki (1756–1830), Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński (1776–1853), Henryk Struve (1840–1912), Samuel Dickstein (1851–1939), and Edward Stamm (1886–1940). This limited and incomplete perspective does not allow us to develop a well-balanced picture of the Polish philosophy of mathematics and gauge its influence on 19th- and 20th-century Polish philosophy in general. To somewhat complete our picture of the history of the Polish philosophy of mathematics in those times, we here present the profiles of some lesser-known Polish Romantic philosophers of the 19th century, namely Karol Libelt, Bronisław Trentowski, and Józef Kremer. We discuss their contributions to the philosophy of mathematics and their metaphysical perspectives, and we also show how their metaphysical ideas have found some continuity in the studies of some Catholic philosophers.

Ерос и философия

Author(s): Dani Kotev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article reconstructs the mythical understanding of Eros from philosophy’s standpoint. The ancient Greek god Eros is transformed into a concept with clear boundaries. Accordingly, the article examines the connection between the mythological and philosophical worldview. The archaic conceptions of Eros are regarded as the basis of philosophical concepts, and accordingly as a metaphysical entity with a high degree of abstractness. The initial parameters of the very concept of Eros are based on the erotic in its metaphysical context. The article therefore examines the possibilities offered by the conceptualization of Eros and the erotic within the limits of metaphysics.

ПЕРСОНАЛИСТИЧКО-РЕЛИГИЈСКИ ПОЈМОВИ СЛОБОДА, ДУХ, ЛИЧНОСТ У ФИЛОЗОФИЈИ НИКОЛАЈА БЕРЂАЈЕВА

Author(s): Aleksandra M. Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 74/2021

In this paper article we will present the rebellion of Nikolai Berdyaev against ”ut- most objectivization of human essence” under ”extreme ideals of communism and anarchism”. This rebellion, in the philosophy and theosophy of Nikolai Berdyaev will be enveloped with the analysis of his version of christian personalism rooted in his understanding of personality, spirit, freedom, love and creativity, and their intercon- nectivity in the works Freedom and the Spirit. Apology of Christianity (1928), and Human slavery and Freedom.Essay on personalistic philosophy (1939). With fenomenological and hermeneutic method we will place a special focus on a seamingly paradoxal position of the autor himself between heresy and apology of the Orthodox Church. Philosophy of Nikolai Berdyayev will be placed between hellenism, christian personalism and western philosophy. This article seeks the answer on the following: What is hereti- cal in the teachings of Berdyayev apart his theachings of Ungrund? Can heresy of Berdyayev be found apart the mentioned teaching? And, finaly through relations of personality and history we will see the constant modernity of Berdyayev’s thought.

Изкуство и познание – теории и гледни точки

Author(s): Nikolina Deleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The question of the cognitive value of art is considered from the general perspective of contemporary cognitive-anti-cognitive debate. The article is devoted to the question of whether art can be a source of knowledge and what kind of knowledge. The arguments for and against the cognitive function of art are considered in light of the historical development of this debate from Plato and Aristotle to the present. The cognitive value of art is examined in its relation to the aesthetic and moral value of art. Art as a source of knowledge is conceptualized in terms of history, aesthetics, axiology, philosophy of art and art criticism.

За Емилия Минева, или за философията като стремеж към истината и като дело на живота

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

Associate Professor Emilia Mineva was an established university teacher and historian of philosophy. Her rich body of work encompasses a study of the heritage of philosophical ideas in the 19th century with an emphasis, but not exclusively, on studies of Marxist philosophy, intellectual history of anarchism, philosophical ethics, etc. The field of her scientific interest included topics from all areas of philosophical knowledge, which she summarized as an author, editor, translator, and compiler. The article traces the professional path of prof. E. Mineva, focusing on the important moments in the content of her philosophical works, and is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of her birth.