Recepcja obecności Instytutów Konfucjusza w wybranych krajach Afryki Zachodniej

Author(s): Malwina Bakalarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

The article presents current problems related to the Chinese cultural and educational activity in West Africa, developed since 2008 through Confucius Institutes. First part focuses on theoretical framework of concepts soft power and cultural diplomacy as tools of the Chinese foreign policyin West African states. Then, background and aims of establishment of Confucius Institutes wereexplained in a global, and regional, sub-Saharan context. Second part describes three main typesof reactions of Africans for Confucius Institutes in West Africa. Apart from the general tendencies,described in the literature, author refers to fi rst-hand statements of Nigerian students and lecturers from the local branches of the Confucius Institute. In the final remarks, common features of Confucianismand African values with contribute to „sino-optimistic” attitude where highlighted. They result in enthusiastic reception of the educational/propaganda offer of the Confucius Institutes inAfrica.

Mbi origjinën e idesë së emancipimit në kulturën perëndimore

Author(s): Blerim Latifi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 3/2014

Termi “emancipim” vjen nga fjalët latine “ex-manus-capere” dhe etimologjikisht nënkupton procesin gjatë të cilit dikush del (ex) nga duart (manus) apo kontrolli i dikujt tjetër (capere). Në të drejtën romake emancipimi paraqet procesin juridik kur fëmija pavarësohet apo del nga kontrolli (mancipium) i babait (manceps).

Alternativat e liberalizmit

Author(s): Dritan Dragusha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 5/2015

Atëherë kur të gjithë po prisnin fundin e nacionalizmit dhe të ideologjive të ndryshme radikale, vizioneve konservative të ndërtuara mbi premisa lokaliste/tradicionale, paradoksalisht, filloi shfaqja e sërishme e impulseve radikale pothuajse kudo në botë.

Katoni i republikës irreale

Author(s): Ibrahim Berisha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 6/2015

Montesquieu në veprën 'Mbi frymën e ligjeve' (Montesquieu, 2000:18) duke iu referuar demokracisë athinase, në kontekstin e shoqërisë që e dëshironte të ndryshuar, me pushtete të ndara, me demokracinë republikane, vlerëson se populli është monark në disa drejtime dhe në disa tjera vetëm shtetas i thjeshtë.

Providence and Democracy

Author(s): Harvey C. Mansfield / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

O povaze argumentu a argumentace

Author(s): Miroslav Čaňo / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/1997

The article explores the nature of arguments and argumentation within legal theory and practice. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the true meaning of "argument" and "argumentation" to ensure reliable legal conclusions. The paper delves into the logical analysis of arguments, distinguishing between genuine arguments and mere assertions. It also examines the historical and philosophical roots of these terms, highlighting their varied applications in different contexts. The study underscores the role of rhetoric in legal argumentation, tracing its origins to classical figures like Cicero. Additionally, it discusses the practical and theoretical dimensions of argumentation, including its use in legal reasoning and decision-making. The article concludes by stressing the need for precise definitions and applications of arguments to enhance the credibility of legal judgments.

Paweł Rojek’s Tropy i uniwersalia – review

Author(s): Jakub Węgrecki / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2021

Andrzej Fuliński as a representative of the concept of philosophy in science

Author(s): Kamil Trombik / Language(s): English Issue: 75/2023

This paper analyzes selected issues related to the philosophy of the Krakow physicist Andrzej Fuliński. Since the 1970s, Fuliński has been strongly associated with the interdisciplinary milieu gathered around Heller and Życiński. His activity can therefore be considered within the context of the broader phenomenon known as the Krakow School of Philosophy in Science, which was founded by Heller and Życiński. This paper proposes the thesis that Fuliński’s style of philosophy is connected with the concept of philosophy in science and tries to justify the thesis that Fuliński, due to his cooperation with the interdisciplinary milieu in Krakow and the specificity of his philosophical works, deserves to be regarded as a representative of the Krakow School of Philosophy in Science.

Мислиоци преврата

Author(s): Dragan Prole / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 40/2023

Вступительное слово

Author(s): Garris Rogonyan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

Нативизм, Трансцендентализм и Феноменология: Еще раз о не-расположении источника опыта в мире

Author(s): Diana GASPARYAN / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

Nativism as a theory that interprets certain abilities and ideas as innate [The contexts we will consider prefer to speak precisely of innateness in the sense of New European philosophical discussions and avoid the notion of “a priori”/“a posteriori”, respectively, and we will stick to this terminological pair.], is considered by some contemporary philosophers as an echo of outdated philosophical approaches. Critics for the most part reproach it for being unscientific and metaphysical. In one of its most extreme forms, nativism is accused of mysticism and lack of evidence. At the same time, a number of very authoritative thinkers openly call themselves nativists and defend this trend in philosophy, cognitive sciences, linguistics and other fields of knowledge (Chomsky, McGinn, Lawrence and Margolis). The main aim of this paper is to analyse the contemporary polemic between empiricists and nativists. It will be shown that the main polemical knot around which the debate unfolds can be easily untied through a transcendentalist interpretation of nativism. In particular, an appeal to phenomenology can help to notice the importance of the idea of the non-essentiality of the source of experience to experience. Phenomenology, which preserves the idea of this non-essentiality, has in mind a radical break with the ontology of natural objects, and will not, in particular, deduce innate knowledge from evolutionary mechanisms, nor will it place it within the biological structure of organisms (e.g., the brain or the neural processes in it). It remains to be shown that most of the positions and refutations of modern nativism are based on a misunderstanding of the classical“ overcoming” of the dispute between empiricism and rationalism by transcendentalism and transcendental phenomenology, as well as the requirement of transcendentalism and transcendental phenomenology not to place the source of experience in the same world in which we locate experience itself. The study is to consider what the modern nativist view must look like in its transcendentalist interpretation in order to be a worthy opponent to modern empiricism.

Unum – verum – bonum v Komenského metafyzických spisech v komparaci s cestou k obrazu Trojice v Augustinove díle De civitate dei a pohybem existence u Jana Patočky

Author(s): Zuzana Svobodová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The paper compares Comenius’ usage of the terms unum, verum and bonum in his metaphysical writings both with the expression of the image of the Trinity in De civitate dei by Aurelius Augustinus and with the concept of existence as three basic movements in the philosophical work of Jan Patocka. The purpose of the text is to show, despite the differences in historical periods, language and life experience, the possible similarity or connection of the vision that Augustine, Comenius and Patocka mediate in their works.

Josef Zverina a teologie agapé

Author(s): Zuzana Svobodová,Andrea Blaščíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2023

The Czech Christian Academy and the Czech Society for Catholic Theology are commemorating the priest, teacher, theologian, and philosopher of art, Josef Zvěřina (1913–1990). Prayers, memorial services, studies of his work, and shared memories culminated in a conference titled "Josef Zvěřina and the Theology of Agape" on September 8, 2023, in collaboration with the Jabok Higher Vocational School. Participants included not only contemporaries and graduates of living theology courses from the Czech Republic, Moravia, and Slovakia but also representatives of theologians, historians, literary scholars, and many public enthusiasts. The conference featured friends and former students of Zvěřina who highlighted his life paths, aspirations, and the charm of his personality. After the opening by Senator Pavel Fischer, theologian Mireia Ryšková presented the first expert contribution, emphasizing Zvěřina as a versatile and authentic person devoted to God, the Church, art, sports, and the sea. Historian Jan Stříbrný praised Zvěřina’s civic engagement and spiritual service during critical historical moments. Personal testimonies from Zvěřina’s students revealed the profound impact of his teaching on their lives. The conference included contributions from younger historians and theologians who presented their studies on Zvěřina's theological and artistic work, concluding with the release of two books featuring Zvěřina’s letters, marking a significant moment for the development of agape theology.

Bude raz možné vidieť Boha telesným zrakom? Filozoficko-teologická analýza Augustínovej Kázne 277

Author(s): Róbert Horka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

Alongside his works, St. Augustine‘s sermons are often a valuable source of insight into the ways of thinking of this great thinker. We have therefore chosen to analyze his Sermon 277. Although we published a Slovak translation of it not long ago, we are only now approaching its evaluation. Our aim is to show how, on the basis of his interpretation of the biblical testimonies, he attempted to deal with the question of the possibility of seeing God in general, and specifically with the possibility of seeing God with bodily sight, whether in the corruptible body or in the glorified body of the future. In this sermon Augustine presents himself as an original thinker, and an analysis of it allows us not only to see the final product of his thought, which he subsequently presents in his works On Seeing God and The City of God, but also to see Augustine seeking the starting points and possible lines of further development of his thought on this matter. Therefore, an analysis of St. Augustine‘s homilies proves to be an invaluable aid in understanding his way of thinking in the future as well.

Svoboda jako smysl stvoření a evoluční význam Kristova kříže v díle Teilharda de Chardin

Author(s): Františka Jirousová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 66-67/2024

Commentary on meaning of the cross of Christ according to Teilhard de Chardin views creation as a dynamic process driven by divine freedom, where beings are empowered to participate in their own creation. Evolution is understood as the gradual increase in complexity, from homogeneous simplicity to interconnected diversity. Teilhard identifies the goal of this evolution as the "pléróma," a state of ultimate fullness and unity, where all systems converge around a central point. This process reflects the freedom God grants to created beings, who are not only products of creation but co-creators in the cosmic unfolding. Teilhard's notion of divine creation underscores the importance of freedom and self-organization, as creation is seen as an ongoing act. The evolutionary meaning of the Cross, in this context, points to Christ’s role as the center of this process, symbolizing the union of all beings. Through suffering, human beings contribute to the evolution of the cosmos by aligning themselves with Christ's transformative suffering, turning pain into creative energy.

Wojny w myśli filozoficznej starożytnych Greków i Rzymian. Zarys wybranych zagadnień

Author(s): Tomasz Homa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article aims to explore selected ancient Greek and Roman perspectives on war, with an effort to identify elements of these views that continue to hold cognitive and/or normative relevance in contem‑porary discourse.THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The central research problem concerns the conceptualization of war by Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero, focusing on its origins, nature, types, objectives, and the philo‑sophical justifications for or against it. The article employs a philosophical ap‑proach, supplemented by cultural and theological analyses where appropriate. The hermeneutic‑heuristic and comparative methods are utilized to examine the research problem.THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Based on an examination of source texts, the article presents a synthesis of the major Greek and Roman philosophical views on war, highlighting both the similarities and differences between them.RESEARCH RESULTS: The analyses reveal the crucial role of philosophi‑cal interpretations of reality, particularly in the context of human coexistence. It identifies a persistent duality in thought: some traditions regard war as the fundamental principle of all existence, while others assign this primacy to peace. Despite their mutual critiques, these views endure, forming a lasting component of European reflections on war.CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS:The examined perspectives on war have profoundly influenced European thought. Given their inherent logical structures and the enduring nature of the issues they address, these views remain relevant and worthy of consideration in contemporary discussions.

The Concept of Transcendental Apperception and its Role in the Second Edition of Kant’s Transcendental Deduction

Author(s): Vera Lyubenova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The aim of this article is to trace the meaning that Immanuel Kant assigns to the concept of transcendental apperception and to present its role in the second edition of the Transcendental Deduction in his Critique of Pure Reason. It will be shown that the doctrine of transcendental apperception resolves some problematic features of the theories of consciousness in the traditions of Rationalism and Empiricism. In this regard, Kant’s transcendental apperception will be examined in contrast with the concepts of inner sense (John Locke and David Hume), Cogito (René Descartes), and intellectual intuition (Gottfried Leibniz). This comparative approach will allow us to gain a clearer understanding of the meaning of transcendental apperception. Finally, its role in the justification of the pure concepts of understanding will be considered.

Virtualistic Transcendentalism as a Concept of Systematic Critical Metaphysics. The Pentalogy of Valentin Kanawrow

Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Valentin Kanawrow develops his system of critical metaphysics across five systematically linked monographs. The core of this pentalogy is the original concept of virtualistic transcendentalism. Kanawrow creates a new metaphysical system as a continuation and reorganization of Kant’s transcendental philosophy. The virtual is the domain of the pure a priori form of thought, which, however, must reach and realize experience in its regions. This transition from a priori to a posteriori is mediated by transcendental schematism – an entirely new theory developed by Valentin Kanawrow. In its descent to experience, the transcendental schema devirtualizes itself and deduces the phenomena as formats of the true ontologizations of the given in experience. Transcendental phenomena result in plural regional critical ontologies, such as special metaphysical domains. The large-scale system of critical metaphysics of Valentin Kanawrow ends with a transcendental anthropology demonstratively developed on the conducted Analytics of the transcendental phenomena constituting the lifeworld of human being.

Two Theoretical Symposia in Bulgaria Dedicated to the 300th Anniversary of the Birth of Immanuel Kant

Author(s): Daniela Draleva,Simeon Efimov Groysman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

"Philosophy Can Also Have Its Chiliasm.” Immanuel Kant’s Preparation for the Philosophical Project of Perpetual Peace

Author(s): Tomasz Kupś / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

In the following article I will discuss the context in which Kant used the theological concept of chiliasm. Kant introduced the concept of chiliasm to reflect the complexity of the feasibility of the idea of the highest good in the world. To achieve this, Kant made an effort to liberate chiliasm from an exclusively theological meaning and gave it a meaning consistent with his own philosophy. The introduction of the concept of “philosophical chiliasm” represents an alternative to the strategy of the realization of the idea of the highest good presented in Critique of Practical Reason. We need not think of the feasibility of the highest goals of morality as those guaranteed by God alone. Since at least 1784 Kant has made it clear that the feasibility of these goals is also conceivable on the basis of the guarantees of nature itself. Philosophical chiliasm is thus Kant’s original answer to the question of the feasibility of the idea of the highest good in the world. The final answer is given in Towards Perpetual Peace.