Компетентностният подход в обучението по български език и литература в началния етап на основната образователна степен

Author(s): Neli Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The problem of the formation of competencies in Bulgarian language and literature at the primary stage of education is interpreted in the article. The main focus is on the teacher’s methodical approach in the process of Bulgarian language and literature teaching in the context of the application of the competency based approach in Bulgarian language and literature learning-teaching.

Materiaux

Author(s): Agostino Giordano / Language(s): French Issue: 02fr/1983

1. Adages Albanais de Frascineto et d’Ejanina; 2. Lutte pour la liberté et l’indépendance

«Chansonnier du district de Korçe» - préparé par Jorgo Panajoti

Author(s): Riza Hyso / Language(s): French Issue: 02fr/1983

Review of: KËNGË POPULLORE TË RRETHIT TË KORÇËS (Chansonnier du district de Korçe), préparé par Jorgo Panajoti, Editions de l’Institut de Culture populaire de l’Académie des Sciences de la RPSA, Tirana 1982, pp. 719. Review by: Riza Hyso

«Ethnographie albanaise» XI

Author(s): Pirro Thomo / Language(s): French Issue: 02fr/1983

Review of: «ETHNOGRAPHIE ALBANAISE»XI, Tirana 1981, Edition en français de l’Institut de Culture populaire d.e L’Académie des Sciences de la R.P.S.A, pp. 308. Review by: Pirro Thomo

KOKALARI MIDIS FAKTIT DHE FIKSIONIT

Author(s): Meliza Krasniqi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 50/2020

In this paper we deal with an overview of all fictional and factual works of Musine Kokalari, published from 1937 to 1970. Kokalari is the first Albanian writer who published the book "As my old mother tells me” in 1939. In its thematic scope, her work, both fictional and factual, is motivated and includes the world of women, either as a subject or as an object. This theme, in line with fiction, focuses on the description and narrative of the figure of the woman as a subject, with all its characteristics. Whereas, in the factual plane, the author becomes a subject herself and is tested in writing personal, autobiographical and critical narrative. Kokalari's fictional as well as factual texts are therefore related to the subject of the writing, so the most appropriate analysis is their division into statuses. In this paper, aside the brief review of each work of Musine as a linear process of writing, at the same time distinguishes the forms that defines the literary and factual discourse.

PIKËTAKIME MES MARTIN CAMAJT DHE GIUSEPPE UNGARETTI‐T

Author(s): Anxhela Lepuri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 50/2020

The main goal of this paper is to evoke and raise the importance of the Martin Camaj’s literature. Secondly, to find common ground between him and the Italian poet Giuseppe Ungaretti, to study the hermetic influence on Camaj’s poetics, highlighting the aesthetic mastery in obtaining these interesting and complex elements, which Camaj manages to adapt to his own art. This approach of Camaj’s poetics to that of Ungaretti is non accidental, recognizing the wide influence that the Italian hermetics led by Ungaretti had in the early twentieth century.

Fremd bin ich eingezogen, Fremd zieh’ ich wieder aus : The Common yet not Shared Crises of Opera Singers

Author(s): Michael Smallwood / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

There is almost no empirical research into the later stages of classical singers’ careers and the difficulties faced. A quantitative study of operatic soloists was conducted via online questionnaire to ascertain when and how these difficulties manifest themselves. The survey divided the singers into 2 groups: those who stopped their solo careers as a result of the difficulties and those whose careers continued, in order to explore the differences between the responses of the 2 groups to the career downturn. This article posits that the singer’s crisis is a common experience, though one which singers seldom discuss amongst themselves. To illustrate this, it focuses on the 2 causes for career difficulties most often cited by the respondents: mental health issues and technical vocal problems. The study demonstrates a reluctance by singers to deal with anxiety, stress and self-doubt, even at the cost of their careers.

Book review: Bulgarian Literature as World Literature, Edited by Mihaela P. Harper and Dimitar Kambourov

Author(s): Theo D’haen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Book review: Bulgarian Literature as World Literature, Edited by Mihaela P. Harper and Dimitar Kambourov, New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, iv + 283 pp. ISBN: HB: 978-1-5013-4810-5; ePDF: 978-1-5013-4812-9; eBook: 978-1-5013-4811-2.

За книгата: Клео Протохристова. Литературният двайсети век. Синхронни срезове и диахронни проекции.

Author(s): Svetla Cherpokova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Book review: Cleo Protokhristova. The Literary Twentieth Century: Synchronic Cuts and Diachronic Projections. Plovdiv, Paisii Hilendarski University Press, 2020.

За книгата: Младен Влашки. Рецепцията на Кафка в България до 1989 г.

Author(s): Maria Endreva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Book review: Mladen Vlashki. Kafka’s Reception in Bulgaria until 1989. Plovdiv, Stranitza Publishing House, 2020.

ÇAĞDAŞ EBEVEYNLİĞİ KÜLTÜREL BELLEKTE ARAMAK: DEDE KORKUT HİKÂYELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Cafer Özdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2020

The aim of this study is to reintroduce the solid structure of the Turkish family structure from the past to the present, and aim to put the cultural memory in the center of contemporary parents in terms of revealing the missing aspects. For this reason, Dede Korkut stories with rich data about the concept of family in cultural memory were taken as samples. The heritage of Dede Korkut, which was included in UNESCO's list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2018, will be presented as an inspiration for the rebuilding of contemporary parenting perception in Turkish society. Stories in the cultural context of the role of mother and father, forms of family building, family relations, values to be possessed, gender equality, family protection, child education, etc. contains. In this context, the stories will guide the present-day parents in constructing their perceptions of parenting in a changing world. The changing world conditions and the elements in the cultural memory will be blended to create parental behavior patterns that have both a national identity and the needs of the modern world. In this respect, the study is important in terms of finding the sources of parents' current behavior and duties in their cultural roots. Qualitative research method will be used in the study. Data collection will be done by document analysis technique. Dede Korkut's stories, which are supposed to be written in the 16th century, are based on Oguz Turks' life. Parental behaviors in this work will be classified by content analysis and how contemporary parents will benefit from these materials that make up cultural memory will be emphasized.

Türk Kültürü Sözlü Şiir Geleneğinde Ekolojik Boyut: Derin Ekoloji Yaklaşımı Bağlamında Eko-Eleştirel Çözümleme

Author(s): Olgun Yalçın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 103/2020

In this article, the ecological dimension is discussed in the selected Turkish oral poetry samples. The framework of our study is to evolve the concept of ecology consisting of the terms “oikos/home” and “logia/science”, which means “the science of home/being at home”, to the meaning content that covers the entire natural and cultural environment in which people live. In this context, considering the human being at home and being on earth, trying to determine the extent to which the reflections, beliefs, and approaches about “being in the world/nature” that we think include the folk songs as the type of oral poetry constitute the main purpose of the article. In this context, the ecological functional dimension of the folk songs, which constitute an aesthetic and communicative aspect of the Turkish folk culture, is evaluated within the framework of the functional theories of folklore and interpreted in light of the views of deep ecology approach. Exemplary folk songs and minstrel (ashik) poetry which are thought to contain nature-related themes used as data for the study were selected through literature review. While the interpretation scheme is established by utilizing the ethnomusicological point of view in terms of evaluating music in a cultural context, deep ecology approach determines the conceptual framework of eco-critical evaluation.

Türkülerin Başına Gelenler: Politik-İdeolojik Sebeplerle Değiştirilen Türküler Üzerine

Author(s): Mustafa Dinç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 103/2020

Folk songs are common examples of folk poetry in many areas of social life and are said in almost every subject. As a result of this prevalence, folk songs, which perform many overt or secret functions in line with all the functions of folklore products, have been used to reflect political-ideological ideas from time to time and even some or all of their lyrics have been changed for this purpose. In Turkey, folk songs, which have been restructured by right or left political ideologies, have been used as a propaganda tool in times of intense political activity or in election squares. In the study, which briefly emphasized the political and social conditions of the folk tradition in our country since the second half of the twentieth century, it was determined that it was replaced by political-ideological purposes by the performers who belonged to different ideological trends, especially from the 60s until today. They were compared with their performances and repertoire records, and then the ways in which these changes were made were discussed. In this respect, it was determined that these changes were made in the sample folk songs, which were used as arguments of some political movements in various periods by making significant changes to their lyrics for political-ideological reasons, in the form of secularizing, conservationizing, articulating current ideological jargon to the verbal texture of the folk songs and adapting new lyrics to the melodic structure of them. The study also required that this situation be considered completely separate from the concepts of variant or version; it was concluded that it would be more accurate to consider the above practices as a censorship or adaptation.

Echi della battaglia della Piana dei Merli (1389) nella storiografia e nella cultura italiana

Author(s): Francesco Saverio Perillo / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2021

On June 15, 1389 Serbian troops and their allies were defeated by the Turks on the Kosovo field. Many valiant Christian fighters and the Serbian prince Lazar Hrebljanović, who was sanctified by the Orthodox Church, fell in the battle. The disaster of the Christian army paved the way for the Ottoman invasion of the Balkan Peninsula, but the defeat assumed the value of a myth for the Serbian people, which accompanied their existence over the centuries as a model of sacrifice and love of the country.

Kevork Terzibaşyan’ın Şarkın Mistik Şiirinden Numûne veya Fuzûlî Şerhi Adlı Eserinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa

Author(s): Yıldız Deveci Bozkuş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 104/2020

In this study, the book of Armenian priest Kevork V. Terzibaşyan which was written in 1928, titled the Sample or Fuzuli Commentary from the Mystical Poem of the Orient was examined. It is valuable in terms of being the first and only in this genre where Fuzuli’s life, works and philosophical world are comprehensively examined. In such an important work written by Terzibaşyan, the author also wrote a section titled “Selam Mustafa Kemal Pasha”. For this reason, this text, which is the subject of this study, is evaluated in terms of history and literature. Unfortunately, the work of Terzibaşyan, written in Western Armenian, has not yet been translated into Turkish. In the study, firstly, the life of Terzibaşyan and its importance in terms of Turkish language and literature was focused on. Then, the content of the section about Mustafa Kemal Pasha was evaluated. In this part, the language used by the priest Terzibaşyan, through his style and words, the perspective of the Ottoman Empire and the Republican period is tried to be understood.

Objecthood, Flat Form, Political Formalism: OOO and Ben Lerner’s Hatred of Poetry

Author(s): Christian Moraru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This is a largely theoretical essay that, in conversation with Graham Harman’s energetic view of objects and Ben Lerner’s idiosyncratic theory of poetry, articulates the basic tenets of a “flat aesthetics” and then moves on to tease out this aesthetics’ ramifications in terms of form, reading thereof, and politics. When the object’s ontological dignity is acknowledged, as flat ontology does, and further, when literature too is dealt with as an object whose “intransitive” objecthood is recognized, literary form, Moraru argues, no longer reflects an elsewhere, a beyond, or other transcendent place, meaning, or design. Instead, this form deflects clarifying light “prismatically,” illuminating other objects, the bigger ensembles into which they are arranged, as well as the potential for new arrangements and worlds. Drawing from Lerner’s Hatred of Poetry, the article’s closing segment explains how this potentiality is already embedded in form qua object and sprouts dialectically from the limits within which literary forms inherently coalesce.

NÎSÂBÛRÎ’NİN (SA’LEBİ) KISAS-I ENBİYÂ’SINDA Mİ’RAC KONULU MİNYATÜRLER

Author(s): Seçil Sever Demir,Filiz Adıgüzel Toprak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 76/2020

In this paper, five different illustrations with the theme of ‘Prophet Muhammed’s Miraj (Ascension)’ found in two illustrated copies of Nîsâbûrî's literary work titled Kısas-ı Enbiyâ dated 16th century, are examined in terms of composition and figures. Two of these illustrations are included in the Kısas-ı Enbiyâ, produced in Shiraz in the second half of the 16th century, registered in the 'Diez A fol.3' collection of Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Berlin State Library). The other three illustrations are included in the Kısas-ı Enbiyâ, produced in Kazvin between 1570-1580, registered in the ‘Keir3’ collection of the Dallas Museum of Art (Dallas Art Museum). In the Islamic tradition, the ‘Miraj’ (Ascension) narrates the journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and from there to the skies. In Islamic book arts, manuscripts with Miraj depictions produced between the 15th and 19th centuries show that Miraj is a popular and accepted subject. In the illustrations examined within the scope of this study, the same composition setup was followed. Due to the subject of Miraj, the common figures seen in illustrations are Muhammed, Burak, Gabriel and other angels. These figures, which are defined as ‘Heavenly Servant Angels’ in the text of Kısas-ı Enbiyâ, can be classified as the ones carrying incense burners; carrying the bowl of light filled with fire; carrying the beverage bowls offered to Muhammad and the ones that prostrate and carry the Quran page. Accordingly, each figure is evaluated in terms of its place in the composition, features of form and style; comparisons are made about the common and different aspects of the figures. In addition, the figures are drawn individually, independent of the composition, in order to present a detailed analysis of their form. The aim of this paper is to investigate the formal features of figures and other visual elements in the depiction of the ‘Mi'raj’ and to evaluate the contribution of visual expression to cultural and symbolic repertoire through illustrations.

GEÇ ANTİK ÇAĞ-ERKEN HIRİSTİYAN SANATINDA FİLOZOF İSA FİGÜRLERİ

Author(s): Ferda Barut Kemirtlek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 77/2021

Late Antique and Early Christian Art designates the idiosyncratic content and style of the art which was produced during the Christianity transition process of the Roman society which was nourished mostly by the ancient Greek culture. In this transition process in which the border lines were blurred and the Christian iconography was not standardized yet, the pagan elements were included to the Christian narration or the visual images which were needed by the Christians were articulated into the pagan narration. This process which was lasted between the third to sixth centuries ended by the dissolving of pagan culture into Christianity. After Christianity constructed its own content and image discourse, pagan elements disappeared except rare personifications and mythological premises of some Christian scenes of which their geneological roots cannot be settled down easily. In this period, the philosopher image, one of the prestige indications of the ancient culture, was used for Jesus depictions frequently. In ancient society the notions of morality, culture, education and philosophy were perceived as honourable and closely interrelated with each other. The philosopher figure who possesses these virtues is an educated and restained person, a wise teacher who guides the people around him by the way of his attitudes, his own life and his lectures. In relation to this perception, in Late Antique and Early Christian Art, especially on sarcophagi, Christ is depicted in the image of philosopher/teacher who leads the person to the true knowledge both in life and after-life. Christian theology has created its own sphere and conceptual framework, consequently the identity between the virtuous life and philosophy is abandoned at the end of Late Antiquity. In this milieu philosophy losts its importance, even starts to define an antitheological sphere for Christians. The philosopher image is no longer appropriate for the ones who identify it with the pagan and hence religionless Greeks of the ancient times. By losing the previous value of the philosopher’s image in ancient society, Christ the Philosopher figures have disappeared from the representations.

Book review

Author(s): Bernard Schweizer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Poučnost Galilejevog života

Author(s): Fatima Bilčević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3/2016

The analysis and interpretation of the drama „Life of Galileo“ by Bertolt Brecht begins from the process of genesis, by establishing a context in which this work was created as a historical drama, and then proceeds to the analysis and interpretation in the context of genre. This historical play of Brecht has an important didactic dimension, which will be discussed in relation to its form – medieval morality, recognized in structure and idea of the play. Finally, the article addresses the question of whether Brecht succeeded in his intention to make models out of his characters with whom reader should not and must not identify. Brecht supposed that drama will fulfil its didactic function only if reader’s analytical mind prevails in reception. Detailed analysis of the figure of Galileo and interpretation of the drama will show how an extremely complex character of Galileo escapes Brecht’s theoretical postulates of drama and theatre. It will also show that, precisely because of that, the play achieves its didactic, analytical and cognitive dimension.