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L’hybridité dans La Steppe rouge de J. Kessel : limite ou complémentarité ?

Author(s): Rached Chaabene / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The Red Steppe of Joseph Kessel is a valuable work, insofar as it is mainly characterized by its generic hybridity. The six novellas oscillate between the biographical and autobiographical, between history and fiction, between the individual and the collective, between the current and the universal. A sort of juxtaposition and/or co-existence can be traced between the novella of Kessel and other literary genres such as the travelogue, the initiation story, the adventure story, the historical narrative and the fictional narrative. This interdiscursive report makes the historical text an open text, "a hybrid text."

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Cris des cœurs de Jean-Victor Pellerin, exemple d’une pièce hybride

Author(s): Tomasz Kaczmarek / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Cris des cœurs by Jean-Victor Pellerin consists of the three parts, each of them corresponds to a different genre: melodrama, tragedy and misterium. Rejecting the reality, the writer resignes also from the scene’s materiality what leads him as a consequence to the deconstruction of the space-time’s categories. Traditional drama’s division on act and scenes is replaced by the loose images (tableaux) where the dreamy visions mingle with reality. Puting the pressure on oniric dimension of a play, the playwright prepares the area for a break of characters who moving in a hostile and an unspecified world without the laws of physics, get going in quest for the lost identity. Breaking the unity of action and psychological consistency of a character, Pellerin presents the crisis of a temporary human being, moreover by using heterogenic forms, he shows this crisis in ist best.

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Les anthologies surréalistes : l’élaboration collective d’un genre littéraire hybride

Author(s): Roberto Mannu / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Published for the first time in 1940 the André Breton’s Anthology of black humor inaugurates the great season of surrealist anthologies, which will last until late 60s. The use of the traditional form of the modern anthology by the Surrealists, does not involve into a complete acceptance of its rules, already codified since the end of the 19th century, but rather a deformation of its textual structure and of its objectives, producing a literary genre with particular characteristics. The surrealist anthology, such as those realized by André Breton, Paul Éluard, Louis Aragon and Benjamin Péret, represent an hybrid literary object with structural elements in common with the dictionary, the glossary, the anthology and the catalogue. The surrealist literary collections represent both a different approach to the history of literature and an expression of surrealist poetics.

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Le Navire Night : le mélange des genres et des arts

Author(s): Anna Ledwina / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The works of Marguerite Duras show visible hybridity, broadly understood as a mixture of genres, correspondence of the arts, or intertextuality. Her texts reflect, par excellence, this tendency because they keep departing from classical forms. Consequently, the same text can be interpreted as a novel, screenplay, or film. This transgression seemingly results from the versatility of changing artistic interests of Duras, who, while writing, was fascinated by film-making and all possibilities of experimentation. The transgression is confirmed by a kind of polyphony of voices in her works, which makes them both extremely suggestive and open. A prime example of this technique is Le Navire Night. According to the concept of poetical-novelistic or cinematic writing, it can be seen as a ‘hybrid’ work. Therefore, Le Navire Night is sometimes read as a poem as understood by Henri Meschonnic, referring to the creativity of the author, especially in the field of language.

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Dialogue de la littérature et la peinture dans Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement d’Assia Djebar

Author(s): Maria Gubińska / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The paper presents the phenomenon of hybridity present in Assia Djebar’s writings based on the example of the collection of short stories entitled Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement (Women of Algiers in Their Apartment). The title of the collection makes reference to famous paintings by Delacroix and Picasso but in doing so the author also supplements the Europocentric discourse with her own voice, the voice of a Francophone Algerian writer who, holding a dialogue with the painters, breaks with exoticism and the orientalising European approach. The dialogue with painting is accomplished on two levels; the first, diegetic and second, essayistic; in ‘The Overture’, and especially in ‘The Afterword’, which is not only a commentary to the painting works by Delacroix and Picasso, but also a complementation of the literary plot. The permanent link of Djebar’s writings to the dramatic present and the remembrance of the women deprived of their voice and subjected to reification is voiced powerfully in the work, which cannot be easily evaluated as it is very diverse in its references to other fields of art.

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L’écriture détournée par la sérigraphie dans les poèmes-estampes de Roland Giguère

Author(s): Emmanuelle Pelard / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The surrealist Quebec poet, painter and artists’ books editor Roland Giguère has based his entire work on a dialogue between poetry and visual arts (painting, serigraphy, typography) in order to experiment the iconicity of writing. He has composed a graphic poetry made of plastic and iconic signs as well as graphic signs, playing with the semiotic ambiguity to create poetic effects and sense. His polysemiotic experiment of the poem based on a specific use of serigraphy has impacted the readability, but has paradoxically shown a new kind of poeticity and the expressiveness of writing. The aim of this article is to establish how the writing subversion and the semiotic experiment allowed by an original use of serigraphy creates poetry.

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Réécrire Don Juan au XXe siècle : entre hybridité et intermédialité, nouveaux modes d’exploitation d’un mythe

Author(s): Aurélia Gournay / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The contemporary rewritings of Don Juan’s myth highlight several forms of hybridity and illustrate the stakes involved. The hybridation affects in the first place the sources of the myth since the authors appeal to numerous intertextual references. But the successive transpositions of the mythical scenario also lead to a generic hybridity. This intermediality has a reflexive dimension: it raises the question of the limits of language to talk about the myth and abolishes the frontier between fiction and critical speech.

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L’identité hybride d’un exilé à l’exemple de L’oublié d’Élie Wiesel

Author(s): Paweł Kamiński / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The present article discusses a hybrid identity of two main characters from the novel The Forgotten by Élie Wiesel. Having left Europe, Elhanan Rosenbaum settles down in the United States. Even though he adapts to his new surroundings, he perceives himself chiefly as a Jew. When he begins to suffer from an incurable disease that causes him to lose his memory, he compels his son, who was brought up in the USA, to go to Romania. The main goal of this trip is to rescue the memory of the past from oblivion: memory as an indicator of Jewishness. Moreover, thanks to the expedition, Malkiel succeeds to strengthen his own Jewish identity.

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Hybridité et altérité dans Magnus de Sylvie Germain

Author(s): Annick Jauer / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Magnus, a novel from Sylvie Germain published in 2005, is a narration made up of several marks of hybridity – structural, generic and discursive hybridity. Those marks are not simply formal but emphasize the necessity of a true presence towards the world and others. The itinerary of the character is a spiritual one, and the novel reveals the part played by reading and writing in the reconsideration of our relationship towards the world and the other people.

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Hybridité artistique et hybridité identitaire dans Tels des astres éteints (2008) de Léonora Miano

Author(s): Paul Kana Nguetse / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

If there is an aesthetic that characterizes the novel Tels des astres éteints writing by Leonora Miano, it is the combination of literary art and the art of music. This artistic hybridity that starts from paratexts transforms the novel into iso-epistemic space and into an archive of memory discography. For this poetic hybrid, the author expands the fields of observation and intensifies cognitive quest (Krysinski, 2004). It is also a scriptural technical mobilized to translate and defend the identity hybridity.

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Hybridité et voix auctoriale

Author(s): Martine Motard-Noar / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

This article analyzes three hybrid narratives – Sylvie Gracia’s Le livre des visages (2012), Pascal Quignard’s Les ombres errantes (2002), and Hélène Cixous’s Hyperrêve (2006). Although their hybridity can be found at different levels, such as the generic level, or the lexical level, all three texts attempt to catch the Mother in their narrative subterfuges in order to bring her back to life (or in the case of Cixous, to keep her alive), in vain. In the process, the authorial voice is reinforced as the voice leading the reader through narrative transgressions.

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Quand la littérature rencontre le cinéma : Paradis conjugal d’Alice Ferney et Le garçon incassable de Florence Seyvos

Author(s): Margareth Amatulli / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

In a society characterized by ever-changing identity- and boundary-redefinition, the confines among different kinds of art are shifting consistently. Painting, photography, and cinema often surface in post-modern literature directly or indirectly. In particular, intertextual connections, generated by the intertwining of cinema and literature in literary works, lead to the creation of new text types which can hardly be classified according to traditional genre taxonomies. This essay aims to investigate some hybridization processes, triggered by the presence of cinema in literary texts, through the analysis of two novels which claim a direct connection with cinema: Paradis Conjugal d'Alice Ferney (2008) et Le Garçon incassable de Florence Seyvos (2013).

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Les chamanes contemporains – figures d’instabilité

Author(s): Anne-Sophie Donnarieix / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

Antoine Volodine and Christian Garcin both make a distinctive use of shamanism in fictional novels. By multiplying shaman characters and intertwining the shamanistic principles and the narrative, they develop a poetic of instability noticeable through various hybridization processes notably strengthened by the intrusion of supernatural elements. The analysis of three motives in which this game of unstable balance is particularly mirrored – identity, History and fiction – shall turn our attention to the role of shamanism as a vector of fictional dynamism.

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L’Encyclopédie « entière » ou comment mettre en relation le discours et les planches, à travers l’exemple du traitement en image et en texte de l’étonnement

Author(s): Véronique Le Ru / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2015

It is a fact: Encyclopedia’s text (in 17 volumes) is read without considering the plates (in 11 volumes), but it could be useful and relevant to take an example of a strong interaction between text and plates. The example that is choiced is a passion : astonishment. To compare its presentation in text and plates, three particular plates from DESSIN are studied and all the articles about the passion of astonishment and surprise are examined.

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L’hypopeinture greuzienne et ses palimpsestes narratifs au XVIIIe siècle

Author(s): Nadège Langbour / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2015

In the 18th century, the paintings of Greuze had much success. The literature took against these paintings. It transposed them in narrative texts. Diderot and Aubert, described paintings of Greuze by using the literary kind of the moral tale. Thus, they respected moral spirit of the painting of Greuze. But when paintings of Greuze were transposed in the novels, this moral spirit had been perverted : the novels respected stating of Greuze, but they used it to produce a different statement.

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Balzac face à Delacroix : le défi de peindre « l’intérieur d’un harem »

Author(s): Justine Christen / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2015

In spring 1834, when he started writing The Girl with the Golden Eyes, Honoré de Balzac was imbued with by Eugène Delacroix’s work and figure. Both shared an attraction towards the Orient which betrayed their tendency to romanticism. In 1834, the exhibition of the painting The women of Algiers in their Apartment encouraged a new impetus of the novelist’s oriental genius. From 1830, Balzac started to fulfill a dream: competing with Delacroix’s art by portraying the inside of a harem in the short story The Girl with the Golden Eyes, which he dedicated to the romantic painter. The hero, Henri de Marsay, conquers Paquita Valdès who is locked up in a luxurious Parisian hotel by her protector and lover, the Marquise of San Real. Paquita Valdès’s fatal passion for the Count unfolds against the backdrop of an oriental-like boudoir where Delacroix’s cherished colours prevail: yellow and red. This duo of colours, which sustains the unity of the twofold short story, prompted the following comment by Albert Béguin, a literary critic: “Balzac took up the challenge of competing with visual arts and expressing through linguistic means what painters usually say through the play with colours.” Hence the problematic question which motivates our study: How does Honoré de Balzac reproduce the romantic painter’s shape and colour language? We will first examine how the inordinate ambition to see everything and to have everything seen is expressed through Balzac’s art of composition, which he borrowed from Delacroix. The consecutive analyses of open and enclosed spaces will highlight Balzac’s treasured aesthetic law: the law of contrasts. The article will then show the aesthetic impact of the bodies and their stances upon the reader-viewer. Finally, the last part will focus on the suggestive potential of colour and motions in The Girl with the Golden Eyes.

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Narcisse et la photographie. De l’objectivation à l’objectivité

Author(s): Nikol Dziub / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2015

Baudelaire blamed the bourgeois society and its photographic narcissism which leads to a perversion of the mythical posture and to a loss of consciousness of the ontological dissimilarity between reality and its image. That is why literature has to develop the imagination of the photographic image, which is both useful and magical, both referential and wondrous. Writers of the romantic era may disdain or admire photography, but they all experience the photographic objectivity and thus develop an antidote to the vain objectification of the collective Narcissus.

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Miroir en cuivre et plaque daguerrienne : autour de Salammbô de Gustave Flaubert

Author(s): Agnieszka Kocik / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2015

The paper brings a motif of Salammbô’s preparations undertaken prior encountering Mathô. The scene becomes a motive for analysis of the paradigm of relation between a copper mirror and a daguerreotype plate. Both artefacts are made of the same matter. Being tools for discovering reality and outpouring into an imaginary world at the same time, both provide special dimension to the visual experience. Finally, both are epistemic metaphors. Since second half of 19th century copper finds a new place in mythology of the industrial object. Vast presence of copper in Flaubert’s Carthage impacts historical and oriental picturesqueness. Does Carthage resemble the legendary City of Copper?

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« Elle peint comme elle chante... »

Author(s): Ewa M. Wierzbowska / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2015

The large part of Marie Krysinska’s poetry is pictorial in the intrinsic way. The range of the references to painting, both explicit and implicit, is not less significant than the musical references. Being a musician, Krysinska is as well sensitive to the colours and lines, she makes one hear and see her poetic images. This ability lets her create “images en l’air” whose pictorial intensity is varying, from the impression to the ekphrasis. Through different painting references Krysinska reveals her rooting in the culture, enters into the continuum of aesthetic reflection, involves herself in a dialogue between arts – which incessantly lasts throughout the ages – on the synchronic and diachronic level. Consciousness which diffuses through the poetic-pictorial work of art is consequently complex and heterogenic, both individual and collective. Pictoriality becomes a code, cultural and emotional, which reinforces the work of imagination and lets one feel a twofold aesthetic satisfaction.

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Mon portrait par Bonnat : imaginaire scénique de l’homme politique républicain

Author(s): Florence Fix / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2015

Before World War 1, French painter Léon Bonnat became famous by portraying celebrities, among which almost every leading politician in the newly founded Republic. His academic and dark style however was criticized by art critics and humourists; hence his portraits put on stage in character comedies have to be read as critics of the very people they represent and of himself as an official artist.

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