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Ontologia społeczna literatury religijnej – mikroświaty siostry Faustyny Kowalskiej i problem rzeczywistości

Author(s): Piotr Wróblewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The subject of the analysis is the text written by Sister Faustyna Kowalska entitled Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul, which has the characteristics of an intimate journal of a non- professionalist. I am using the theoretical concept of Alfred Schütz to present the sub-worlds of an acting individual. My thesis sounds as follows: The Diary can be treated from the perspective of phenomenological sociology as a record of the world of the nun’s action, which experiences the discovery of a vocation, communicating within various sub-universes. The basic area for her is the religious sub-world. According to the project of social ontology, I am looking for general truths regarding forms of social existence. Sister Faustyna was canonized in 2000. The Diary is now considered to be the most frequently translated work written in Polish.

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Reportaż historyczny jako forma współczesnej etnografii na przykładzie Czarnego ogrodu Małgorzaty Szejnert

Author(s): Anna Wróblewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Reportage in Poland has achieved a unique status. Serious analyzes of this kind of creativity from the literary perspective are, however, mostly focused on the work of Ryszard Kapuściński or Hanna Krall, while those concerning the representatives of the new school of Polish reportage take at most the form of sketches. Surprisingly, there is a lack of proper discussion on the work of Małgorzata Szejnert, a person of great merit for Polish reportage. Her last books: Czarny ogród (“Black Garden”), Wyspa klucz (“Key Island), Dom żółwia. Zanzibar (“Turtle’s House: Zanzibar”) i Usypać góry. Historie z Polesia (“Dump Mountains: Stories from Polesie”) are not only literary works, but they are an important contribution to other disciplines. As a result of a detailed analysis of the “Black Garden” (Genology; Historical reportage and historiography; “Black Garden” and anthropology; The Poetics of the “Black Garden”; Identity; Geopoetics; Conclusion), the author of the paper states that practically the reportages by Małgorzata Szejnert are historiography, although it is also reasonable to say that these reportages are also a form of ethnography, because they meet all criteria mentioned by Clifford Geertz. The descriptions of individual communities are comprehensive, they cover many aspects of everyday life and bring the realities of life closer together, and thus help readers to understand other communities.

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Etnometodologia jako socjologia literatury? O konstruowaniu obcości w Witolda Gombrowicza Notatkach z Dziennika 1951-1952

Author(s): Dariusz Dobrzański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The paper addresses the status of the strangeness in Witold Gombrowicz’s Diary Notes published in the monthly journal “Kultura” in Paris, in 1951-1952. The problem of strangeness and otherness is one of the fundamental topics of Gombrowicz’s self-analyses. The issue was taken up both in the author’s first short story collection Memoirs from puberty (Bacacay, 1933) and in his final novel (Cosmos, 1965). The present paper is an attempt at reconstructing the concept of strangeness from the constructivist perspective of ethnomethodology, with a focus on pinpointing the basic meaning of strangeness found in Gombrowicz’s early Diary Notes 1951-1952. Essentially, I reconstruct strangeness as a strategy imposed by the author on the reader with a view to creating a new emigré audience. For this reason, the existential dimension of strangeness and otherness is not in the immediate focus of attention in the presented analysis. The concluding section presents selected remarks about the public sphere on Helmuth Plessner`s framework.

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Ból i tabletka — tekst i intencja autorska („Umarł mi. Notatnik żałoby” Ingi Iwasiów)

Author(s): Magdalena Paprotny‑Lech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2017

The article aims at showing how the author’s intention may be utilized for the purpose of interpretation in high school. The guiding thought of the present deliberation is the reflection by Umberto Eco stating that the empirical author has the right to react as a model reader. By using the modern song „Umarł mi. Notatnik żałoby” (2013) in the lesson, it is possible to demonstrate to students that the meaning of the text is independent of the author’s will, and that the interpretation may be in opposition to their intentions. However, what is the most important is that such a school reading of works make the interpretation seem to be in constant motion.

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Gry z formami użytkowymi w poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej. Propozycje rozwiązań dydaktycznych na podstawie wiersza „Drobne ogłoszenia”

Author(s): Jadwiga Maksym‑Kaczmarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2017

The author of the article presents an interpretation of the poem „Drobne ogłoszenia” by Wisława Szymborska, taking into consideration the time when the work was created (the end of Stalinism in Poland). In particular, she looks for universal and everlasting values in the text. She has drawn the interpretative conclusions basing on the analysis of the language of the work. The same principle has been applied to the proposal lesson, during which through the process of interpretation students are enabled to enrich their knowledge and skills also in the field of language and culture. Although the greatest emphasis has been placed on the student’s independent exploring the timeless content and meanings of the poem „Drobne ogłoszenia”, what is also of great importance is the presentation of the specificity of the Stalinist period to the students.

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Światłoczułość. „Sklepy cynamonowe” Brunona Schulza na lekcji języka polskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Wójcik-Dudek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2017

In the article, the Kabbalistic interpretation by Władysław Panas (contained in his treatise „Księga blasku” ‘The Book of Radiance’) of the titular short story from Bruno Schulz’s „Sklepy cynamonowe” (“The Cinnamon Shops”) was adapted by the author with a view to utilizing it during a Polish lesson. As the author of the article puts forward, the pivotal notion for the short story under analysis is the mysticism of light, the presence of which guarantees the world order. Interpreting “The Cinnamon Shops” in the context of Judaist topics, while leaving aside the contexts suggested by the literary history and biography, allows to indicate other, quite inspiring, interpretive possibilities. The latter convincingly reinforce Schulz’s exceptional place in the canon of Polish literature and, most of all, prove that his oeuvre still requires from the contemporary readers not only the skill of close reading, but also highly developed aesthetic sensitivity.

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LE CODE DES USAGES DE GHEORGAKI LE LOGOTHÈTE ET SES RAPPORTS AVEC LA LITTÉRATURE BYZANTINE DE CÉRÉMONIAL

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LE CODE DES USAGES DE GHEORGAKI LE LOGOTHÈTE ET SES RAPPORTS AVEC LA LITTÉRATURE BYZANTINE DE CÉRÉMONIAL

Author(s): Andrei Timotin / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2018

The author studies the Book of Ceremonies written in 1762 by Gheorgaki, a chancellor at the court of the prince of Moldavia Gregory Callimaki (1761 – 1764 and 1767 – 1769), a unique work in ancient Romanian literature, which describes the political and religious ceremonies of the Moldavian court. In order to design such a work, the Moldavian chancellor resorted to Byzantine models, especially to Pseudo-Kodinos’ De oficiis, who had a particular fortune in the Romanian Principalities. The Byzantine influence is present not only in the general architecture of the work, but also in the presentation of the elements of religious ceremonial, in which the prince and the high dignitaries take part. Gheorgaki also uses indigenous tradition and his own experience at the Moldavian court. It can nevertheless be concluded that the Byzantine works of ceremonial have sharpened his spirit of observation and have fashioned his view of Moldavian political and religious ceremonies.

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Anlatım Tekniğini Lübnan İç Savaşının Belirlediği Bir İç Hesaplaşma Romanı: Kevâbîsu Beyrût (Beyrut Kabusları)

Author(s): Adnan Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

One of the main features that distinguish modern novel from traditional one is the use of new narrative techniques such as monologue, flow of consciousness, leitmotiv and intertextuality. These techniques relate to new approaches that take shape in formal elements such as time, characters and event patterns that make up the modern novel. Which expression technique is used in the work is often related to the form and content of the novel. This research examines the Kevâbîsu Beyrût, which uses modern and post modern expression techniques in the Arab novels of the last century, in the context of the content of the work and reveals the appropriateness of the techniques used for the purpose of the work. The authors of the novel, autobiographical, tried to convey the feelings of a civil war in many ways, and remained in the midst of conflicts. The techniques that came to the forefront in his narration have added aesthetic value to the composition of the narration and it has become one of the famous Arab novels. The introduction part of the work consists of the factors that prepared the ground for the civil war that took place in Lebanon between 1975 and 1990, the first chapter, the work of writer Gâde es-Semman, the third chapter; Kevâbîsu will investigate the relation between the narrative techniques of the novel Beirut and the factors leading to the writing of the work.

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‚Зоопарк’ ментального представления русскоязычных Вариации и динамика репродуктивного образа (2)

Author(s): Piotr Czerwiński / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

The character of the relations between linguistic and not strictly linguistic elements of awareness is discussed basing upon the example of the existing notions of the zoological garden. The vocabulary material reflecting both historical and contemporary interpretations is quoted. These interpretations include the etymology of the words. Their analysis is aimed at finding out the motives that change in time, features and semantic analogies. These three elements are then consolidated in the notions of the mental and linguistic culture. Later on, the character of the relations between the state of an animal and a human is established (by placing the characters in an artificially created space). The human resembles the animal and the latter is a representative of a community in captivity, and the human observing the animals becomes an element of the collective display. The gathered information and interpretations (compared to the data from the dictionary of dreams via their semantic and mental features) make it possible to ask a question on the semantics of the mental and semantic features of the vivid experiences that exist in perceptual and mental planes. These experiences shape the notions for the representatives of a specific mental culture. The notions in question are of regulating, approximate and not always realized character. As the result, these notions, and especially the ones that condition the organisation of the world in linguistic and non-linguistic awareness, influence the semantic evolution of a language as well as its users’ mentality.

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Рукописні і друковані пам’ятки національної культури України: критерії виокремлення

Author(s): Oleksandr Viktorovich Yakovlev / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 29/2012

The article reveals definitions «memorial of culture», «memorial book», defines criterions of memorial book, characterizes them.

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Czy zwierzęta mają język?

Author(s): Barbara Rode / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The belief that only humans use language has dominated in science for years. Linguists are especially sensitive to the notion that animals can use or create language. They argue that all species other than human can communicate but they do not use language, as it is reserved for people only. It is important to notice that animal psychology is a new and still far underdeveloped scientific field. More and more studies are revealing that animals can and do think, feel and communicate in a meaningful way. Recently, new studies have supported the hypothesis that some animals do use language. The communication systems that they use have all or most of the characteristics of a language. Con Slobodchikoff has shown that prairie dogs have grammar, can create language and use dialects in their communication with one another. Their pups learn their language in a similar way as human babies do. This article is meant to question the notion that animals do not use and create language.

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Dede Korkut Kitabı’nın Kronotop Bağlamında İncelenmesi

Author(s): Gonca Kuzay Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2018

The Book of Dede Korkut, considered one of the most important works of Turkish folk literature, has been reached today with two written copies, in Dresden and Vatican, and a great number of versions in oral culture. The Book of Dede Korkut, which was introduced to the world of science quite late compared to it‘s value, has been subject to more research in recent years. The Book of Dede Korkut describes the philosophy of life and lifestyle of Oguz‘s. However, it is owned by all Turkish tribes. This is due to the fact that the work is part of the tradition of oral narration and the combination of time and space used in the work establish a link between the past and the future and the work has values which reach universally from the locality. For this reason, relation between the time and space in The Book of Dede Korkut is very important. In this study; relation between time and space in the Book of Dede Korkut was discussed. The chronotope theory of M. M. Bakhtin, which deals with time and space relation in a theoretical framework, was used in the review. Firstly, the term of "chronotope" and the basic features of the theory that Bakhtin were explained. Then the chronotops of The Book of Dede Korkut, which has an important place among the Turkish epics, were determined and and the functions of the chronotops in the narrative were emphasized. Thus, in the context of chronotopes, the characteristics of Dede Korkut's narratives bearing the past from the past were determined.

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Reconstructing the Hero: Representation of Loyalty in Late Anglo-Saxon Literature

Author(s): Şafak Nediceyuva / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2015

Danish attacks on the British Isles in the 9th century had considerable political consequences for the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms reigning independently at the time. ‘The Great Heathen Army’, as the Anglo-Saxon called it, began a series of invasions in Britain and their advance was unstoppable until all Anglo-Saxon kingdoms but Wessex were conquered. Emerging as the rulers of only surviving Anglo-Saxon kingdom, Alfred and the subsequent monarchs of Wessex began a slow process of unifying the subjugated Anglo-Saxons under their banner and they desired to be acknowledged as the kings of England, rather than Wessex. By adapting traditional heroic values to contemporary political needs, literary works of this period similarly attempt to channel former tribal loyalties towards the monarch and propagandize absolute devotion to the survival and construction of ‘England’. This article discusses the ideological role literature played in late Anglo-Saxon era during the formation of England.

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Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesinde Yer Alan Sözel Kültür İcracıları/Anlatıcıları

Author(s): İrfan Kurucu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 07/2016

As Seyahatname is mainly associated with geography knowledge, it is also crucial about history, folklore, culture, literature and a kind of anthology which has a rich characteristic of social structure with its all elements. Seyahatname is composed of ten volumes. With this study, 10 volumes of Seyahatname have been analyzed one by one with respect to Yapı Kredi Publications of Seyahatname. In this study, it is determined oral culture’s executers, narraters which is involved in Seyahatname. These elements and features which has determined with examples from text has taken part in this study.

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Поетика українських перекладів Вергарна [Рецензія на книгу: Кравець Я. Український Еміль Вергарн (критика, перегуки, переклади)]. – Львів : Тріада плюс, 2016. – 344 с.]

Author(s): Galyna Dranenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 95/2017

Review of: Поетика українських перекладів Вергарна [Рецензія на книгу: Кравець Я. Український Еміль Вергарн (критика, перегуки, переклади)]. – Львів : Тріада плюс, 2016. – 344 с.]

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Muhibbî Divânında Peygamberler

Author(s): Armağan Zöhre / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 05/2015

Religion is one of the most important sources of the Divan Literature. Religion is a collection of laws and it is proclaimed to human being via prophets. Therefore, the prophets, along with their various features and miracles were chosen as a subject by many divan poets. Also Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who wrote under the pseudonym of Muhibbî emphasized miraculous lives of the many prophets in different ways in his poems.In this article, 2799 ghazals and above 300 other verses which composes the divan, used to identify and examine which features of the prophets were mentioned.

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Kamień i horyzont: spojrzenie na „Sicilianę” Murila Mendesa w kontekście twórczości Zbigniewa Herberta

Author(s): Marcelo Paiva de Souza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article proposes visiting Sicily in the footsteps of Zbigniew Herbert and Murilo Mendes. It is a comparative study of the creativities of the two authors. In the first part of the article Sicilian motifs in Herbert’s essays are discussed. In the second part interpretation of „Elegia de Taormina” by Mendes (one of the poems from „Siciliana” volume) can be found.

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Bilingwizm polsko-portugalski w Brazylii. Od znajomości polszczyzny do tłumaczenia literatury polskiej na portugalski

Author(s): Władysław T. Miodunka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article author takes up again the issue of Polish-Portuguese bilingualism and recalls his research conducted in Brazil in the mid-nineties of the 20th century. He begins with a presentation of the research methodology and its territorial conditioning. He presents bilingualism as a group phenomenon, characteristic for most Brazilians of Polish descent (the author of the article highlights the differences between big cities, small towns and colonies). Next, he recalls the ways of becoming bilingual, which enables him to analyse individual cases of bilingualism and its variability over time. The article concludes with the three case studies described in the monograph published in 2003. The author presents successes achieved by the described people due to their knowledge of Polish language.

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THE PROCESS OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION THROUGH RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE IN JANE FENN HOSKENS’ LIFE

Author(s): F. Gül Koçsoy / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2017

This article proposes that Jane Fenn Hoskens (1694-1764) in her autobiography The Life and Spiritual Sufferings of That Faithful Servant of Christ Jane Hoskens, A Public Preacher among the People Called Quakers (1771) meets the criteria for Abraham Harold Maslow’s theory of self-actualization. His theory is humanistic; it promotes man’s psychological development including the constitution of a competent selfhood, a socially congruent persona and a blissful state of existence. Hoskens renders her need to actualize herself and achievement of it through her definition of herself on religious sphere; she depicts her spiritual crises and recurrent clashes of faith in the way to God. Her process of self-actualization requires this effort and through frequent ‘peak experiences’ her choice of Quakerism crystallizes in which she attains clear visions of her being and life in general. She finds preaching, writing and missionary activities as the tools for self-expression.

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STILL ALICE VE BURKE YÜCELİĞİ

Author(s): Feryal Cubukcu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2016

It is hard to decide whether the words “süblime” and “the sublimity” used in the 18th century have still the same reverberations in the 21st century. There are three theoriticians on sublimity dating back to the past: Pseudo Longinos, Burke and Kant. In Pseudo-Longinos, the sublime has distinct moral implications. Burke’s theory is directed toward such situations where some elements or situations are felt painful or threatening. Kant’s sublime theory is based on a response of reason to an overwhelming excess of greatness or power. The romanticists including Schiller and Schopenhauer spread the sublime till the nineteenth century. Pathos, nobility, dignity and gravity are associated with sublimity. In this 21st century it is also possible to find some associations like urban, industrial, religious, supernatural, modern, postmodern, existential, poetic, gothic, feminine, masculine and so on. The purpose of this study is to delve into the Burkean sublime and find its traces in the novel Still Alice, by Lisa Genova, an American neuroscientist and author, who self-published her debut novel in 2007, which is concerned with Alice, a Harvard professor who suffers early onset Alzheimer's disease, which takes hold swiftly and changes her relationship with her family and the world.

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