Теологічні тексти у становленні українського наукового дискурсу ІІ половини XVII століття (на прикладі „Науки о тайнѣ с(т): покаѧнїѧ” 1671 р.)

Author(s): Halyna Nayenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8/2020

The author analyzes the cognitive-discourse aspect of the semantic structure of the treaty Nauka o tajně s(t): pokaęnїę (a translation from the Polish original) printed in 1671 by the imprimery of the Kyivan Cave Monastery. Found on the boundary line between theological literature and the secular genres, the Ukrainian scientific discourse was rather vague at that time; the text under consideration can be viewed therefore as a popular scientific one. The text is connected with the academic discourse through a complicated structure, typical of scholastic treaties, heterogeneous markers of the intertextuality, the use of indirect performative markers as well as markers of the prospection and retrospection. Its connection with the popular discourse is maintained through the elimination of authorship, the prevailing glossing rather than definitions of the respective terms.The dialogue model of addressing with the help of singular ‘you,’ which is common for preaching, is found in this treaty side by side with the inclusive ‘we.’ The treaty’s heterogeneous syntactic organization is marked by the combination of different genres, namely,literature of practical purpose and sermons.

Біблійність як чинник інтертекстуальності в его-текстах Тараса Шавченка

Author(s): Natalia Piddubna / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8/2020

The article presents the analysis of the peculiar use of Biblicisms of different types in T. Shevchenko’s letters and diaries. As the result, the author concludes that biblicity is one of the major features of the diary and epistolary genres of the poet. It has been shown that T. Shevchenko frequently uses lexical Biblicisms both in the direct and in the metaphoric meanings enriching their semantics. T. Shevchenko’s ego-texts usually contain Biblicisms that verbalize the theme block “person”, in particular, for self-portraying or depicting other people’s behavior, traits of character, mental and physical state. They are the means of creating expressive emphasis in the text as they are used in different tropes and figures as well as in language play. The feature of Kobzar’s letters and diaries proves the hypothesis about the close connection of language and religion, religious and language mapping of the world, the immortality of the Holy Scripture that is a constant source of lingual creativity of prominent language personality, representing their intimate sphere of work.

La trop fragile utopie de L’Astrée : une variation du pot de terre contre le pot de fer

Author(s): Pauline Philipps / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

When in the 16th century multiple texts present utopian societies, Urfé adapts this theme for a pastoral universe in L’Astrée. However, instead of proving its superiority, he demonstrates the inherent weakness of every utopian project: what could any utopia be good for if it is incapable of long withstanding the assaults of reality? The ideal society presented at the beginning of the novel grows weaker with every new chapter, and is finally destroyed. Between denunciation of utopia as a genre and a paternal consideration of the characters doomed to suffer as a result of meeting the outside world, L’Astrée shows how the most beautiful of the earthen pots inevitably crashes against the iron pot of reality. The novel depicts the beauty of this crash.

Émile Souvestre’s Le monde tel qu’il sera en l’an 3000: a reflection of the fears raised by industrial capitalism

Author(s): Nicolas Mary / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

Le monde tel qu’il sera en l’an 3000, written by Émile Souvestre in 1845, is known as the first French dystopian novel. To give his fellow citizens a warning, the author projects into the future, an exacerbated contemporary situation. This journey through time is part of a vast debate that opposes not only utopias and dystopias, but also the social and political sciences. Le monde tel qu’il sera... can thus be understood as a refutation of the ideological constructions which are based on an unshakeable faith in the future. Influenced by Saint-Simon, Souvestre considers that technical progress can lead to the ideal city only if it is combined with moral progress, to which he aims to contribute by demonstrating to his contemporaries the appalling consequences of the providentialism that dominates the mid-19th century.

Deux visions du bonheur selon la nature chez Camille Lemonnier et Georges Eekhoud

Author(s): Philippe Chavasse / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

In the last years of the 19th century, the Belgian writer Camille Lemonnier published three novels, L'ÎleVierge, Adam et Ève, and Au cœur frais de la forêt, which conveyed the dream of seeing humanity freed from the shackles imposed by society that enslaves men and women and distorts their instincts. The Belgian Georges Eekhoud published in 1912 Les Libertins d'Anvers, which traces the history of Christian heresies in Antwerp from the 12th century until their repression by the Protestant reform and the Catholic counter-reform. Inspired by the same identity concerns, Lemonnier and Eekhoud offer models of utopian communities that draw inspiration from both paganism and Christian evangelism. The two writers praise charity, and respect for others and for nature. However, they differ in the interest they place in the couple and the family as a social foundation, Lemonnier applying the lessons of naturism, while Eekhoud is more in line with anarchist thinkers such as Charles Fourier, Raoul Vaneigem and Michel Onfray.

Les anticipations courtes dans la presse française du XIXe siècle

Author(s): Laurent Portes / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

The 19th-century French press abounded in short stories of a utopian nature. On examination, these "short utopias", with authors often unknown or anonymous (at times due to famous journalists using pen names, turn out to be witnesses of the political thought of the moment: sometimes reflecting major utopian currents, sometimes extravagant, sometimes at odds with the political situation imposed by authoritarian regimes. Their diversity forces one to ask questions.Their frequent presence in popular almanacs, their publication in entertainment and satirical press (Le Charivari, Le journal amusant, and Le journal pour rire contain them in great numbers), their frequent juxtaposition to amusing illustrations without political aim, or on the contrary their presence even in the daily political press, legitimately make them enter what has been called "the civilization of the newspaper".

Une « Babel » moderne dans les cimes : cité sanatoriale et utopie thérapeutique dans Les « Heures de silence » de Robert de Traz et dans Siloé de Paul Gadenne

Author(s): Claire Augereau / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

Often perceived as the result of empirical speculation, the sanatorium, intended for the treatment of tuberculosis patients in the first half of the 20th century, was at first sight a therapeutic utopia originating in the medical profession. In this enclosed space, it is the doctor that exercises the authority and their recommendations have the value of injunctions. However, a reversal of this order is depicted in two 20th-century novels: Les “Heures de silence” by the Swiss writer Robert de Traz (1884-1951), and Siloé by Paul Gadenne (1907-1956), a French author who was himself a regular visitor to such care institutions. In these works, the unity of place - the sanatorium - becomes a convenient device for questioning the world of the healthy on three levels: the ego, the relationship to others and the relationship to natural space. Because the "tubercular condition" neutralises the differences between individuals, it questions the primacy of health and paradoxically outlines a balanced lifestyle based on the idiorhythmic alternation between solitude, social life and immanence.

Paradis perdu et champs verdoyants : figures de l’utopie dans la pensée de Léopold Sédar Senghor

Author(s): Sébastien Heiniger / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

Léopold Sédar Senghor was a thinker and poet of Négritude, and also a politician, a member of the French National Assembly in the context where decolonization was inevitable. With the theoretical support of Paul Ricœur, this article explores Senghor's utopia in order to reflect on the function of these unreal places in his thought and to restore his vision of the future. Both the Kingdom of the Sine and Confederate France - the figures of his eutopia - were presented as harmonious communities by which to imagine the future. If Senghor does not challenge colonial ideology with a conservative utopia, where the Kingdom of the Sine would regain its ancient form, but with that of a federal thus decolonized France, where equality of political, civic and social rights between members of a plurinational state would obtain, the question of knowing if he was a utopian remains.

Le voyage en Chine de Sollers (1974) : Chine rêvée versus Chine théâtralisée ou le piège de l’utopie

Author(s): Qingya Meng / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

Having adopted a pro-Maoist position during the 1970s, Philippe Sollers went to China for three weeks in 1974 to witness the great success of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). According to the writer, director of the magazine Tel Quel, the revolution must be achieved through writing and theory. Nevertheless, the China he discovered during his stay seemed to be far from the China he had dreamt of before his departure... Based on articles published by Tel Quel, the paper seeks to show how Mao's China, idealized in ideological discourse, is transformed into a dramatized reality that the Chinese people are obliged to stage in front of the tourists allowed to visit China.

Du principe de complémentarité : l’ambiguïté de l’écriture utopique chez Michel Houellebecq

Author(s): Xinyi Liu / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

The principle of complementarity, which comes from quantum physics, is close to the reciprocity between the clinical approach and its dramatic counterpart in Michel Houellebecq’s writing. As for the utopian questioning, this principle can be used as a pivot to study the ambiguity of the author's utopian writing. Taking this physical principle as a starting point, we will first try to analyze the various utopian or dystopian universes in Houellebecq's works, especially through the relationship between the individual and society. Then, by penetrating the Houellebecqian space, we will study the representation of non-places and traditionally utopian spaces in his work, according to the dichotomy between the clinical and dramatic components. Finally, in a narrative sense, we will consider the coexistence of an ideological and utopian narrative in Houellebecq's work, with the boundaries between the author's voice, the narrator's voice and the characters' voice blurred. The sphere of fiction and realism overlap.

Les anti-utopies insulaires de Michel Houellebecq et Jean-Philippe Toussaint

Author(s): Clémentin Rachet / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

The characters created by Michel Houellebecq and Jean-Philippe Toussaint end up by extracting themselves from our social and geographical world whose rules and limits are too difficult to bear. In this context, retreating to existing islands appears to be a legitimate solution. If, at first glance, they seem to be alternatives to the throes of the metropolis, Lanzarote and the island of Elba do not represent utopias as ideal societies but as non-places in the etymological sense of the term: the place of nowhere or which is in no place. The two authors do not cease playing with the codes of the island utopia, while depriving them of the history and the literary references which are usually associated with the concept. The article aims to analyze the effects and manifestations of Houellebecq’s and Toussaint’s anti-utopian islands, in a world whose limits and finitude of resources have been measured.

L’écriture dystopique boudjedrienne à l’aune de la théorie postcoloniale

Author(s): Loubna Achheb / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

This article examines the relationship between Rachid Boudjedra's dystopian writing and postcolonial theory exploited in his novel L’Escargot entêté ("Stubborn snail”). This particular work represents postcolonial Algerian literature and therefore stands as an emblem of hybrid aesthetics. The hybridity employed by the author - which is nothing but a utopian concept of postcolonial theory - ends up shattered in the text, thereby generating a dystopian work. To achieve this effect, the writer mixes realistic and fantastic genres, only to create a split between them, to perpetuate the image of dystopia. He uses misinformation to form cracks in the novel's intertextuality, imploding the hybridity of the writing from within. Finally, he tries to liberate Algerian literature, to separate it from French literature, creating a breach between "the periphery" and "the center".

Violence et effondrement dans la fiction insulaire francophone contemporaine : l’île comme dystopie ? (Alfred Alexandre, Les Villes assassines ; Nathacha Appanah, Tropique de la violence)

Author(s): Jessy Neau / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

Western imagination has often portrayed islands as heavenly places, or even utopias. However, contemporary island narratives often put violence, social inequalities, as well as climate issues and topics of exile at the heart of their narrative. The districts of "Gaza" and "West Eden" in Alfred Alexandre’s novel Les Villes assassines (2011) and in Nathacha Appanah’s Tropique de la violence (2015) are indeed depicted as zones of extreme precarity. This article examines the relevance of the conceptual category of “dystopia” for addressing certain tropes of French-speaking island literature. The link between dystopia and the popular notion of “collapse” shall lead us to examine new modes of representation of contemporary islands in these two novels, particularly when discussing the prevalent topics of slums and undocumented immigrants.

Habiter les interstices et leurs possibilités : les discours utopiques et méta-utopiques dans Les Furtifs, « C@PTCH@ » et « Hyphe…? » d’Alain Damasio

Author(s): Christophe Duret / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2021

This paper offers an analysis of the utopian discourse in the novel Les Furtifs and the short stories “C@PTCH@” and “Hyphe…?”, all coming from the French science fiction writer Alain Damasio, from the perspective of the issue of inhabitation. We will see that the three dystopias do not content themselves with taking a critical look at the current situation or offering an alternative vision of what inhabiting the world must - or could - signify. To the contrary, they also question the limits of a classical utopia conceived as a program, in order to propose, by means of meta-utopian discourse, a concept of utopia as an aspiration and "a game on the possibilities lateral to reality".

LIJEVO ORIJENTIRANA SOCIO-POLITIČKA USTREPTALOST I ESTETIČKO-KRITIČKA MISAO DŽEMILA DŽEME KRVAVCA

Author(s): Ikbal Smajlović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: XIX/2021

The paper provides a brief overview of cultural and socio-political circumstances in BiH from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, whose repercussions inevitably and strongly reflect on the overall literary and artistic creation in BiH, with special emphasis and focus on the literary criticism segment, the one with Bosniak determination. Although this paper offers a basic insight into totality of literary criticism creation between wars, revealing the general guidelines of its evolutionary and formative-qualitative paths, it is primarily focused on specific texts of Dž. Krvavac, which at the same time mirror and confirm the previously selected general characteristics – distinct underdevelopment of literary critical practice (at least in terms of systematization and scientific foundation according to modern standards), its conditionality of socio-political circumstances, hybrid form of texts which combines and unites different elements at the same time: literature (and art in general), ethics, politics, philosophy...

A skald in royal service – the case Þórarinn loftunga. Part 2: Poetics and ideology of Tøgdrápa

Author(s): Jakub Morawiec / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The present study is focused on Tøgdrápa (Journey drápa), a poem Þórarinn devoted to Knútr’s expedition to Norway in 1028. A distinguished feature of Tøgdrápa is its metre – tøglag (journey metre). It differs from dróttkvætt by having four syllables (instead of six) in each line. Presumably, referring to the title of the poem, the metre was to be used in accounts on war expeditions, optionally other travels of the king. Tøglag seems to be especially bound to Knútr’s court. Close metrical analysis of the poem as well as comparison with Sigvatr Þórðarson’s Knútsdrápa suggests that, contrary to previous assumptions, it is very likely that neither of the poets was an inventor of tøglag. Rather both, as talented and already distinguished skalds, did not hesitate to take another artistic challenge, most likely put up by somebody else. It seems reasonable to assume that such a challenge was born at Knútr’s court, probably as a side effect of the king’s success in Norway in 1028.

Думи в действие (Опит за вграждане на българската рап музика в съвременната българска литература – текстове, артисти, послания)

Author(s): Assen Avramov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2021

Where does Bulgarian rap stand in relationship to Bulgarian literature? Where can we look for the roots of this artistic presence? What are the heroes, themes, and messages that Bulgarian rap-artists recreate in their work? The author seeks to answer these questions, through purposeful and accidental juxtapositions between the cultured and the “non”-cultured in Bulgarian poetry in the last thirty years.

Съвременната литературна история. Между концептуалната конструираност и методологическата хетерогенност, между богатата ерудираност и езиковата непосредственост, между традициите и иновациите

Кирова, Милена. Българска литература от Освобождението до Първата световна война. Т. 3. София: Колибри, 2020. 428 с. ISBN 978-619-02-0724-5.

Author(s): Noemi Stoichkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2021

650 години от основаването на Търновската книжовна школа (ХІІІ – ХІV в.)

Author(s): Radoslava Stankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 43/2021

XII международен научен симпозиум „Търновска книжовна школа“

Author(s): Kamen Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 43/2021