CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Ekolingvistické a jazykovopolitické poznámky k majoritným a minoritným spoločenstvám

Author(s): Slavomír Ondrejovič / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

In this contribution we develop ecolinguistic and language-political comments referring to majority and minority societies. In general, the article focuses on the development of languages in the time of globalization. It also studies the language development in the context of foreign varieties of the Slovak language. At the same time it confronts language legislation with the language situation and it presents initiative in the field of research and description of the language situation abroad in relation to the Slovak language.

More...

Funkcie a podoby vybraných mémov v digitálnej sfére

Author(s): Ľubomír Gábor / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

The presented study deals with the analysis of memes as specific cultural-linguistic units. It mentions various theoretical concepts that dealt with memes and points to its own definition of the term. The aim of this text is a linguistic and semantic analysis of a selected type of memes from websites in the Slovak language, naming structural "genre" tendencies in the so called image macro memes. The study attempts to clarify main functions and principles of excerpted image macro memes, highlighting iterability as the most important sign of the memetic process whose result is a meme as a specific text unit.

More...

Egalitná jazyková komunikácia

Author(s): Juraj Dolník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

The pragmatic reason for supporting the promotion of equal language communication is that this communication is part of a social event that aims to develop an inclusive society. However, this support also has an anthropological reason, which is based on the reconstruction of the origin of man as a being of his kind and his humanization. His humanization is based on continuous self-realization and rational social solidarity, consisting in the fact that the actors of social interaction are committed to creating a lively environment for parity self-realization. Such self-realization is governed by the principle of equality differentiation, which includes the contextual neutralization of relevant differences between actors. Transparency is essential for overcoming equality barriers in language communication, but it is important to perceive the opposition between levelling and cultivated equality communication. This contrast draws attention to the idea of optimally transparent language, which leads the actors to set the optimal ratio between transparent and non-transparent forms of expression. Since the humanization of individuals and society corresponds to cultivated equality communication, the order of the day is to increase the volume of language communication in society with such a degree of non-transparency (negativity) that stimulates the interpretive activity of the actors. When examining equal language communication with regard to its impact on the cultural level of society, one of the relevant issues is the adaptation of the relationship between positive and negative transparency to current communication events.

More...

Expressing Measure in Czech (A Corpus-based Study)

Author(s): Marie Mikulová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In the contribution, we provide a theory-based and corpus-verified description of expressions for measure in Czech. We demonstrate that the measure expressions may modify quantity of entities (approximately ten boys), internal characteristics of events (he works a lot), properties (very big) and relations (completely without sound). We distinguish between the measure expressions that are an answer to the question To what extent? (Extent-modifiers) and expressions that modify an answer to the question How many? (Quantity-modifiers). The Extent-modifiers are formally, structurally and semantically more diverse than the Quantity-modifiers. For the Quantity-modifiers a list of forms and functions is provided. Theoretical knowledge stemming from the analysis will subsequently be used to improve the annotation in the Prague Dependency Treebanks. It can be also useful for other semantically-oriented descriptions of language.

More...

Adverbs Derived from Adjectival Present Participles in Polish, Slovak and Czech: A Comparative Corpus-based Study

Author(s): Aksana Schillová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper investigates and compares the inventory of adverbs derived from adjectival present participles in the Polish, Slovak and Czech languages. The particularity of these adverbs is that they do not occur in every language, even if it concerns closely related languages. While in Polish and Slovak this type of adverbs is represented by hundreds of lemmas, in Czech it is almost not represented. The comparative analysis is carried out on the data retrieved from the comparable web corpora Aranea. The sets of adverbs extracted from the comparable corpora of the languages examined are analysed by the following criteria: the total number of the adverb lemmas in the corpus, their relative frequency (ipm), morphemic structure features, collocability preferences. The similarities and differences between the adverb sets are established. According to the corpus data, the adverbs derived from adjectival present participles are more widely used in Polish than in Slovak, and in Czech they are a rare phenomenon represented by a limited number of lemmas with a negligible frequency.

More...

The Effect of (Historical) Language Variation on the East Slavic Lects Lemmatisers Performance

Author(s): Ilia Afanasev,Olga Lyashevskaya,Stefan Rebrikov,Yana Shishkina,Igor Trofimov,Natalia Vlasova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The need to develop tools for historical and regional variations is becoming more urgent in natural language processing. In this paper, we present two candidate systems for lemmatising historical East Slavic lects (Late Old East Slavic and Middle Russian), as well as modern regional East Slavic lects (Belogornoje and Megra): BERT-based end-to-end pipeline with language-specific heuristics and sequence-to-sequence BART-based encoder-decoder. To evaluate their predictions, we use accuracy score and string similarity measures, such as Levenshtein distance. The BERT-based model is more suitable for the regional data, achieving 85% accuracy score, and only 74% on the historical data. BART-based model climbs up to 92.6% accuracy score on the historical data, yet gets only 80% on the regional data. We provide an error analysis and discuss ways to enhance models, such as dictionary lookup and spellchecker.

More...

Spisovný jazyk a vývoj národnej jednoty Slovákov

Author(s): Juraj Dolník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The study is a response to the question: How has this society developed since the time of Ľ. Štúr from the point of view of the dynamics of national unity conditioned by the democratization of standard Slovak? For the development of the Slovak nation in the light of this language, democratization was of decisive importance, namely the control of the codified standard, and therefore linguistic correctness, and language-communication normality. The democratization of the codified norm and thus linguistic correctness has become the basis of the perception of language culture and a means of integrating the Slovaks as a national collective, ensuring their formal unity. The direction of the democratization of linguistic correctness is the optimal language culture as the control of a codified standard by basically every Slovak, but the democratization of the standard language also leads to the fact that it becomes the general mother tongue and natural linguistic correctness, i.e. natural language culture, is gradually enforced. This correctness and this culture are already manifestations of the transition of the national collective into a development phase of deeper – content, "true" (according to Štúr) – unity and shifting attention from language to communication culture. In this phase, national collective solidarity was deepened by the inclusion of communication and society, involving the cultivation of a sense of linguistic collectivity. The democratization of language-communication normality, which takes place as the expansion of the circle of "intimate language experts" in the implementation of the adaptive potential of the language, in which the peculiarity of the mental culture – the "spirit of the nation" –is manifested, is of fundamental importance for the turning point in the reorientation of the speakers of the standard language towards the communication culture. At this stage of development, the optimization of language culture grows into the optimization of communication culture governed by the principle of inclusion. In the Slovak language community, the discourse on authentic communication culture, based on a sense of collective identity, is becoming relevant.

More...

Slovenská vlogosféra v kontexte jazykových prostriedkov a komunikačných aspektov (so zameraním na anglicizmy)

Author(s): Romana Krolčíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The Slovak vlogosphere is a communication virtual space, in which linguistic and paralinguistic means of language, as well as various forms of verbal and nonverbal communication in the context of the domestic communication environment, have become conventionalized. In this context, vloggers, who record and publish videos via the online YouTube portal, are characterized by a significant variability of means of expression, especially in the area of emotional and expressive expressions, which manifest one of the forms of expression of the individual identity presented in their videos. The aim of the article is to present the key communication features of the video blog, influencing the use of language means in the monitored communications. We find out how these characteristics influence the use of linguistic means. These features are described and demonstrated with authentic examples, focusing on the use of Anglicisms.

More...

Nepriama indexická identifikácia

Author(s): Marián Zouhar / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

Indexical expressions are typical linguistic means aimed at identifying objects in the surroundings of communication participants. Sometimes, however, by using them, one can single out objects beyond the boundaries of the communication context. For example, by using the pronoun he supplemented by an act of ostension directed at a work of art, one can identify the author of that artwork, not the work itself. This is a case of an indirect indexical identification, which consists in the fact that the object of ostension is different from the object of identification of the use of the indexical expression. This phenomenon poses a challenge to semantic theories of indexical expressions. Their content must be modeled such that the transition from the object of ostension to the object of identification is captured. The paper proposes an explanation according to which the semantic content of the occurrence of an indexical expression used for indirect identification is descriptive (rather than referential). Specifically, it is a content in which the object of identification is described on the basis of its contextually relevant relationship to the object of ostension, which can also be expressed through a suitable descriptive expression. Such an explanation avoids some of the problems that indexical terms used for indirect identification bring.

More...

Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Filozofickej fakulte Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre

Author(s): Ľubomír Kralčák,Zuzana Kováčová,Renáta Hlavatá,Jozef Brunclík,Martin Diweg-Pukanec,Patrik Petráš,Milan Kolesík,Natália Glaap / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper discusses the results of the latest scholarly research of the members of the Linguistics section of the Department of Slavic Philologies of the Faculty of Arts, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, which have been achieved primarily within the framework of research grant schemes over the last 5 to 6 years. These scholarly activities and their results are currently the core of the research trends of the Nitra Slovak studies. Their characteristics are presented in the text in 8 chapters with an introductory brief information about the institutional history of the department. The individual chapters focus on the areas of actual linguistic research in the department, such as mainly the fields of historical linguistics, cognitive linguistics and textual linguistics, sociolinguistics and the theory of standard language, standard norm, machine translation or Slovak language islands abroad. The respective research areas are primarily covered by presentations of recently completed grant projects, or in the relevant parts also by very brief references to research follow-up within the department. The description of the above-mentioned activities of the Nitra Slovak studies concludes with a quick outline of the perspectives of the forthcoming research prospects of the institution under review.

More...

Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Filozofickej fakulte Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach

Author(s): Marianna Sedláková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper presents the research and publishing outputs of the Department of Slovak Studies, Slavonic Philologies and Communication at the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice as a starting point for reflections on the communication nature of texts, especially from the point of view of the author’s intention. In contemporary society, the balance is shifting to what is called “certainty” messages, scientific texts being only a part of them. We see the basic communication difference in the type of sciences in which the texts come into being. Natural sciences discover theories on the basis of which things are produced, humanities and social sciences invent mainly social principles on the basis of which they formulate rules but only philologies study text also as an artistic means of communication having the direct effect not only through reason but through emotions, too. Based on what has been said, we propose – within sciences, on one side natural sciences, and on the other side humanities, and within humanities to separately single out philology/ philologies and adequately assess its (and not only its) research outputs.

More...

Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Fakulte humanitných vied Sliezskej univerzity v Sosnovci

Author(s): Mariola Szymczak-Rozlach / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The aim of this article is to present the scientific and publishing activities of Slavic linguists and linguodidacticians working at the University of Silesia in Katowice (Sosnowiec). We hereby present the recent scientific achievements covering the period 2018 to 2023 and describe the results of this research. The scientific interests and achievements are preceded by a brief description of the history of Slovak studies as an institution that educates Slovakists and conducts scientific research, cooperating with other Slovak scientific centres and institutions supporting education. The research interests of Silesian Slovakists oscillate around Slovak lexis and lexicology, as well as word formation and semantics. These include synchronic, confrontative, and contrastive Polish-Slovak and Slovak-Polish research and lexicological ones. Additionally, apart from the purely linguistic interests of Slovakists, the focus of their interest is linguodidactics and teaching Slovak as a foreign language.

More...

Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Filologickej fakulte Univerzity v Belehrade

Author(s): Stefana Paunović Rodić,Dalibor Sokolović / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper deals with the scientific research and publication activities of the Slovakists at the Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade over the last 5-6 years (2018-2023). The article presents a brief history of the Department, which has been dedicated to teaching and research of the Slovak language, literature and culture for 70 years, considering the specific conditions of the status of Slovak as a foreign language in other-Slavic environment. In accordance with the scientific research interests of Belgrade linguists-Slovakists, the article summarizes results of research in the field of sociolinguistics, ecolinguistics, language policy and language planning, cognitive semantics and teaching Slovak as a foreign language. The contribution is dedicated to the perspectives of further research of the Slovak language at University of Belgrade; they are branched into two key areas: 1) streamlining of the Slovak language teaching with regard to the specifics of the study program and 2) profound the current scientific profile of researchers in an international interdisciplinary context.

More...

Súčasný slovakistický výskum vo Výskumnom ústave Slovákov v Maďarsku

Author(s): Tünde Tušková,Alžbeta Uhrinova,Juraj Rágyanszki / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The study presents more than 30 years of linguistic research and project outputs of the Research Institute of Slovaks in Hungary. The main fields of research were sociolinguistics, onomastics, linguistic landscape studies, and the history of Slovak literary language. The article also outlines the perspectives of further linguistic research at the Research Institute of Slovaks in Hungary.

More...

Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Inštitúte slavistiky Viedenskej univerzity

Author(s): Viera Wambach,Stefan Michael Newerkla / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper presents results of the research and outputs of Slovak studies at the Department of Slavonic Studies in Vienna since the introduction of Slovak studies as a separate study programme in 2002. Part of the review of the scientific and research activities, mainly in the fields of areal linguistics, lexicography, lexicology and sociolinguistics, is also a brief look into the past and the development of Slovak studies as such.

More...

Koncepcia Poľsko-slovenského slovníka

Author(s): Marta Vojteková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

This paper presents the compilation principles of the Polish-Slovak Dictionary – a publication that is being prepared within the project of the Slovak-Polish Commission for the Humanities at the Slovak Ministry of Education and the Polish Ministry of Education. The concept focuses on the characteristics of the dictionary in terms of its macrostructure and microstructure. The following parameters of the dictionary entries are described: entry word, pronunciation, word-class and morphological characteristics, functional qualifiers, translation equivalents and phrases. The principles presented reflect current approaches in lexicographical theory and practice and are based on the compilation principles of the most recent explanatory dictionaries of the Slovak language and the Polish language. The unsatisfactory situation in the Polish-Slovak bilingual lexicography is also briefly pointed out, the reasons for the current absence of a Polish-Slovak dictionary of medium or large size are named, and a publication vision is outlined.

More...

Jazykovo-štylistické dominanty slovenských piesňových textov (hitov z rokov 1993 – 2022)

Author(s): Lena Ivančová,Andrea Čurošová Gavalcová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

The study elucidates the linguistic and stylistic dominants of 60 lyrics of popular songs from 1993 – 2022 in Slovakia. The research is focused on the characteristics of preferred lexical and morphological stylemes on a wider motivic-semantic background and on the analysis of syntactic-phonic dominants of song lyrics. The research has shown that the authors of song lyrics rarely reach for book words, poetically sounding phrases and general statements, they mostly build their texts on dynamic replicas, or internal monologues of the characters of the songs, which are often transformed into fictitious dialogues, or replicas directed to another character. The significant representation (frequent repetition) of highly frequent lexemes confirms the motivic kinship and the relatively small content-thematic variability of these lyrics. Many contrasts appear in them, antonyms of different types, which fulfill the function of perceptually simple problem elements. Versological symmetry and regularity of rhyming schemes is often disturbed by asymmetric syntactic-phonic structures.

More...

Historický korpus slovenčiny: hist-6.0

Author(s): Katarína Rausová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

The article presents the sixth version of the Corpus of Historical Slovak marked as hist-6.0. The Corpus of Historical Slovak is a diachronic corpus of Slovak texts from the pre-codification period. It contains both project’s transliterated texts from photocopies of the original texts, as well as printed texts preserving the original orthography. Preparation of the current version started in autumn 2020. The article describes three areas of conceptual development of this corpus version, namely: 1. adding of new texts, 2. unification of the rules for text transliteration and 3. unification of existing tagging.

More...

Аналитични глаголни форми или синтактични конструкции

Author(s): Viara Maldjieva,Ruska Stancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2025

This paper addresses the challenge of distinguishing analytic wordforms within the verb paradigm from syntactic groups (phrases) based solely on formal criteria. The syntactic and morphological properties of verb phrases containing auxiliary verbs are examined with the aim of establishing clear formal criteria for classifying them either as part of the verb paradigm or as free word combinations (simple groups). As a result of this analysis, a coherent formal definition of analytic verb forms is proposed. Additionally, a part of the study is devoted to examining the inconsistencies in normative rules arising from the current interpretation of analytic verb forms.

More...

Техники на разширение на прости групи с прилагателно и съществително

Author(s): Malina Stoycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2025

This article examines simple syntactic groups consisting of a head noun and a modifying adjective, focusing on the ways these groups can be expanded. Specifically, the study explores which parts of speech may extend each member of the simple syntactic group to the left and right. The analysis draws on examples from the Bulgarian National Corpus.

More...