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Наречието в „Словарь болгарскаго языка по памятникамъ народной словесности и произведенiямъ новѣйшей печати“ на Александър Дювернуа

Author(s): Angelina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The article analyses the adverb in the first Bulgarian dictionary – „Slovary bolagrskogo yazika…“ (1885 – 1889) by the russian scientist Alexander Duvernois. For this purpose are used descriptive, comparative-historical and statistical methods. Article, focused on the adverb, is presented – key word, grammatical qualifier (notes), explanatory part and illustrations. Adverbs in the dictionary are classified according to their construction (simple, сompound, derivational) and origin (from adjectives, nouns, verbs, numerals). Different types of pronominal adverbs (interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative, summary and demonstrative) are reviewed.

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Енантиосемия – систематизиране и видове в сравнителен план

Author(s): Magdalena Nikolova-Tsaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The paper discusses the phenomenon of enantiosemy in linguistics – its nature, appearance and belonging to one of the following groups: polysemy, homonymy or antonymy. The enantiosemy theme has been in the scope of linguists for more than century and a half. At the beginning it was believed that this phenomenon could be examined only in Slavic languages, because some of the first findings for it were in Russian, Chech and Bulgarian. Nowadays enantiosemy examples are excerpted in French, German, English and other non – Slavic languages. It is an attempt to classify different research approaches and to describe a new type of enantiosemy, from a contrastive perspective, which in this paper is called affixal enantiosemy. In accordance with a certain context, the affixal enantiosemy clarifies the semantics of the affix which is part of a lexeme.

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Общие трудности разных категорий говорящих при употреблении русских имен существительных и именных словосочетаний

Author(s): Galina Shamonina,Leonid Moskovkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

The purpose of the study is to resolve the issue of whether there are difficulties of the Russian language that are common to different categories of learners of this language. Research methods are identification and comparative analysis of deviations from the norms in the use of nouns and noun phrases. The material of the study is data from observations of oral speech, written works, transcripts of recordings of stories based on pictures. The objects of analysis are the facts of deviations from the norms in the use of nouns and noun phrases in the speech of foreigners who study Russian as a second language, Russian-German bilinguals at the age of 10-15 years, Russian monolinguals at the age of 10 – 15 years. As a result of the study, the most typical similar grammatical errors were identified, indicating the general difficulties of the Russian language: the replacement of some case forms by others, the replacement of some forms by others within the same case, the replacement of prepositions, the mixing of possessive pronouns, violations of the agreement between the main and dependent words. The study has confirmed the hypothesis that there are common difficulties of the Russian language, which do not depend on the native language of students and are due to the structural diversity of the grammatical phenomena of the Russian language.

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Женскостта и майчинството в бившите социалистически страни: литературни и идеологически аспекти

Author(s): Polina Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

The text is focused on the problems of womanhood and motherhood in the literature, written by women in the former socialist states. It aims to explore the implications of the Soviet ideology and propaganda in the contemporary perceptions of gender and family roles and to answer the question about the importance of the remaining conservative traditional family values in the region. By exploring novels by female authors, the study tries to show the methods and tendencies in which women try to apply change through art. The main objects of analyses are the novels “Mrs. G.” by Emilia Dvoryanova and “Primeval and Other Times” by Olga Tokarczuk.

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Plichacz w beczce siwra Deusa o spas – słownictwo należące do kategorii „religia” w XIX‑wiecznej gwarze przestępczej

Author(s): Jarosław Grzegorz Pacuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The object of observation is criminal jargon from the 19th century. The description concerns lexis belonging to the thematic field religion. The text shows little known (or even unknown) historical vocabulary of the environment. The author focuses on presenting the etymology of the collected words. Some remarks on the origin of words have the character of hypotheses and are a pretext for further discussion. The author excerpts linguistic material from Słownik mowy złodziejskiej by Antoni Kurka (1896) and Szwargot więzienny by Karol Estreicher (1903, this publication gathers vocabulary from Estreicher’s works published several decades earlier). The author evaluates the stability of the vocabulary and the development of the lexis – he compares the 19th-century material with notations appearing in the later work Żargon mowy przestępczej by Wiktor Ludwikowski and Henryk Walczak (published in 1922).

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Rozmowy przy stole w Polsce i w Hiszpanii – analiza zrytualizowanych środków językowych

Author(s): Ewa Urbaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The aim of this paper is to describe and compare the linguistic dimension of the ritual of dining among Polish and Spanish speakers. The act of feasting, very important for the analysed cultures, not only does present a specific scheme, but it is also accompanied by a range of linguistic mechanisms introduced in concrete interactive situations. The present article exposes the most frequent speech acts, ritualized expressions and pragmaticalized constructions that are used during the ritual of dining in the Polish and Spanish communities. The analysis is based on the examples from oral language corpora, created in Poland and in Spain, that is transcriptions of everyday conversations of the members of described communities. The research has shown that both communities share a lot of common values related to dining, nevertheless each one of them presents some characteristic linguistic mechanisms used during the ritual.

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Interferența paradigmei și modelului de învățare pentru formarea competențelor de comprehensiune

Author(s): Marcel Bâlici,Nadejda Bâlici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The research tries to highlight the confluences between the constructivist paradigm of the learning process cantered on construction/ deconstruction and the reconstruction of the mental representations with the help of the cognitive components, as well as the learning model based on the ACISSI conceptual structure. The terminological delineation of the ACISSI acronym (algorithms for configuration and integration/ insertion of stratified structures of learning/ understanding) will be clarified from the perspective of the application of the concept of system of contents, through a strategic didactical architecture to the symbiosis created by the integrative vision: learning paradigm/ learning model/ valorisation of the formative attributes of the content systems, starting from the ACISSI concept and highlighting the role of motivational blocks in coherence with the principles and criteria for the application of the methodological set. At the same time, the paper will clarify the aspects related to the use of other types of texts than the colloquial/ functional, artistic and the criteria for the selection and adaptation of these texts. A key element of this research is represented by the description of the model circumscribed to the track of the comprehension competence, from the perspective of the stages of the learning units: acquisition – development of a basis of cognitive components, at the level of exploration of the knowledge resources.; Introspection – acquisition of the different aspects of knowledge; Modification – overall vision on the studied resources, and themed elaboration of a cognitive project; Presentation of the results – integration of the learning model in the community reality.

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Verbal Periphrases in Spanish as a Foreign Language: Language as “a Potential of Meaning” - A Pragmatic and Didactic Approach

Author(s): Victor-Emanuel Ciuciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

e purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the very sinuous subject of verbal periphrasis. When starting to work on verbal periphrasis in Spanish, the first thing that the researcher and / or the ELE teacher will notice will be an enormous difficulty in finding an adjusted definition and a coherent classification of this grammatical category. Likewise, the very scarce work on their uses and functions stands out, since most of the research that deals with this topic focuses on theoretical definitions referring to their formal / categorical nature.

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Digital Competences in the Acquisition of Romanian as a Foreign Language

Author(s): Ana-Mihaela Istrate / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The study highlights the most important challenges encountered by the language professors in teaching online, enumerating some of the most important tools available during an entire year of online teaching Romanian as a Foreign Language. It focuses particularly on the difficulties that international students had, while learning a completely new language, without any face-to-face interaction, stressing the most important online instruments, which could help us teach Romanian grammar and vocabulary. The study highlights also the most important theoretical frameworks regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which can trigger the learning process, even in an exclusively online environment. Very important is the change of mentalities, first at the level of the teachers, who can and should embrace the change, so that they can push the limits of teaching languages in the virtual space, in such a way that classes could be equally interesting and challenging for the learners. A very important section of the article is dedicated to the study of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, in the case of international students learning Romanian as a foreign language, explaining the mechanisms that trigger language acquisition and offering examples of instruments that we have at hand, to help the language production. The study also enumerates some of the most important models that focus on linguistic and social processes, which trigger foreign language acquisition, which can explain why in certain cases learners can learn a foreign language faster or experience a culture shock, due to the inappropriate cultural adaptation.

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Проницаемостта на формите на конклузива в съвременния български език

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article examines the permeability of composite conclusive forms in the active and passive voice in modern Bulgarian. The author distinguishes two cases: permeability from short dative and accusative personal pronouns and from the particle “se” with a pronominal origin, as well as permeability from the particle “li” and other particles, inserted remarks, adverbs, and simple sentences. In addition is provided an overview of specific and generalised models of permeability, supported by examples from language corpora and the internet. The conclusions highlight both the common and unique features of the permeability of composite verb forms. To substantiate this, the author relies on examples obtained from language corpora and the internet, encompassing short personal pronouns, adverbs, particles like “se” and “li”, inserts, simple sentences, as well as composite forms where permeability is not feasible. Additionally, identified are several cases where penetration in two places from the same linguistic elements is possible. The presented examples and models, along with the resulting conclusions, prove that the process of grammaticalisation at a formal level is not fully accomplished in the Bulgarian verb paradigm. This is due to the fact that composite forms are permeable to other elements. The author applies K. Lehmann's parameter of grammaticalization to demonstrate that, as the process of grammaticalisation progresses, both the ability to rearrange elements and the permeability from other linguistic units decreases.

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Местоименията – между когницията и граматикализацията

Author(s): Mariana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Pronouns are an excerpt of grammaticalization, its linguistic explication. The paradigm of pronouns and its logical functionality in the invariable relationship with their prototypes, where first and foremost together with that stands the self as the autonomy of the cognitively tempted and devoted to this selfconsciousness, makes sense of grammaticalization as a mechanism of categorical extension.

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Impact of Internet Resources Used by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan University Students for English Learning

Author(s): Jannat Sagimbayeva,Gulzhakhan Tazhitova,Ainagul Mukhtarkhanova,Dina Kurmanayeva,Karachach Duvanaeva / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

This paper explores the internet resources used by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan universities students for English learning. Use of Internet resources in learning English became one of the relevant topics nowadays. As theoretical methods generalization, analysis and a questionnaire as an empirical method have been used in the study. Based on the empirical data the authors tried to identify which internet resources students of both countries use in their learning English and their influence for successful learning. Moreover, the study revealed the factors that impact and restrict students to use internet resources in learning English. The authors believe that teachers should direct, encourage their students to use internet resources for learning and incorporate the materials from different resources into English classes.

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Езикът и модернизмът (върху творби на Петко Тодоров)

Author(s): Tsvetan Rakyovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article analyses the language of Petko Todorov's idylls and dramas. In the opinion of early twentieth-century reviewers, these works are distinguished by an artificial language that in many places becomes incomprehensible. The reasons are rooted in two factors – deliberately archaic vocabulary and confused syntax. Petko Todorov uses a huge number of Turkish words, mistakenly believing that they will create a vernacular sound to the narrative or dramatic action. On the other hand, he reworks the structure of his sentences, and very often they end with a verb. These two strategies (to give way to archaic, obsolete words) and to slow down the action by aggravating the syntax, result in a blurring of meaning because the archaic words are no longer familiar to the rehearser, and because no one speaks like the characters of idylls and dramas like The Masons or The Marriage of Smay.

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Комунизъм и християнство: канонизацията на отец Паисий Хилендарски

Author(s): Sirma Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

With the present article, we set ourselves the task of first looking at the event context in which the beatification of Father Paisius of Hilendar took place in 1962 when the state marked the 200th anniversary of the writing of Slav-Bulgarian History. The incorporation of Father Paisius of Hilendar into the ranks of the saints takes place in the context of the restoration of the patriarchal status of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, resp. of Bulgarian-Russian political relations.

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Importanţa componentei culturale în predarea limbii române ca limbă străină

Author(s): Ana Mihaela Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

The present study represents an analysis of the methods used by teaching staff of the Romanian - American University, during the three years of teaching, at the Foundation Year of Romanian language as a foreign language. In a constantly growing market with a growing demand, especially for preparing future students for medical programs, the article follows the evolution of the international students, who enrol in the program with an A1-A2 level of English language knowledge, which raises the question of the type of teaching: with the help of English as support language, or directly in the Romanian language, by the immersion method in the new language of study. Considering also the cultural differences existing between learners, which affect in a way dramatically acquiring a language with an extremely different grammar and difficult at the same time, we will turn our attention to the importance of cultural elements, highlighting the similarities between cultures, which allow an easier transition to the new language and culture.

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КОНЦЕПТЪТ „ГЛУПАК“ В БЪЛГАРСКАТА И РУСКАТА ЛИНГВОКУЛТУРИ

Author(s): Krasimira Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The concept of “fool” in the Bulgarian and the Russian linguistic picture of the world is associated with the character of the jester, joker, the clown, the idiot, the eccentric, the moron. The numerous linguistic units with the word “fool” outline its ambivalent place in the two linguistic pictures of the world.

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УПОТРЕБИ НА ПАРЕМИИ В СЪВРЕМЕННИТЕ МЕДИИ

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The article focuses on the uses of folk paremiology in the modern Internet space. Special attention is paid to the role of proverbs and sayings and their place in news, commentary discourse, as well as in entertainment programs. The author examines a specific proverb and its functions in a modern context by juxtaposing traditional and current manifestations of folklore.

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За мисията на съвременния български езиковед

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article deals with the role of the contemporary Bulgarian linguist in the complex processes of codification of literary-linguistic norms. The text is linked to the 75th anniversary of the eminent Bulgarian linguist Prof. Vladko Murdarov. The object of the analytical observations in the text are problems related to the codification of literary-language norms, to the curricula and textbooks on Bulgarian language in secondary school; to the notion of language policy, as well as to the issues of the public image of the Bulgarian language in the media space. A brief overview is given of important historical processes that have shaped the development of the Bulgarian language and its science. The author summarizes the important features that every contemporary linguist should possess - depth of linguistic knowledge in synchronous and diachronic terms, a sense of the dynamics of linguistic processes in order to be able to objectively reflect the complex processes of language development, linking them to the complex and dynamic processes of social development.

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Етнолингвистични проекти и приложението им в образователния процес в чуждоезикова среда

Author(s): Maria Dobrikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article presents the characteristics of two research projects conducted by the Department of Slavic Philology in the Faculty of Arts at Comenius University in Bratislava, focused on the field of ethnolinguistics and ethnophraseology, which pertain to the perception of the supernatural in languages and cultures of the West Slavic and South Slavic areas. Particular emphasis is placed on the perspective of applying the knowledge gained during the research in the educational process, for instance, within lectures such as “Slavic Linguistic Image of the World”, “Slavic Phraseology”, “Slavic Dialectology”, as well as in designing topics for final papers, and so on.

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Диференцирано преподаване в час по чужд език – слушане с разбиране и четене с разбиране чрез LearningApps

Author(s): Nikolina Iskarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

Listening comprehension and reading comprehension play an essential role in foreign language acquisition, but learners differ on a number of indicators related to this aspect. The aim of this paper is to examine different options for the effective use of the LearningApps online platform in differentiated instruction in a foreign language classroom when the focus is on developing listening comprehension or reading comprehension skills, since a differentiated approach implies greater learner emotional engagement, greater motivation to learn, and better learning performance compared to a non-differentiated one. In order to achieve this goal, the views of scholars in the fields of psychology, pedagogy and language teaching methodology are taken into account. Based on the analysis, a number of requirements are derived for the teacher in using LearningApps to develop learners' skills on the speech activities under consideration.

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