"auleta" und es bleibt alles beim Neuen! Zur Konstitution der polnischen Fachneologismen im Bereich der altgriechischen Musik.

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawlowski / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.

"Części mowy odmieniające się przez przypadki." - Feliks Żochowski

Author(s): Malgorzata B. Majewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 04/2017

"ROMANIAN TODAY – AN OVERVIEW", BY MARINELA DOINA NISTEA

Author(s): Raluca Ghentulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

"Vzhledově neodolatelný", ale "povahově nesnesitelný", czyli o niektórych czeskich przymiotnikach i przysłówkach

Author(s): Irena Bogocz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 50/2015

The present contribution from the field of comparative Slavonic word for­ mation deals with a specific feature of the Czech language, namely its frequent (in comparison to other Slavonic tongues) use of adjectives of passive possibility (impossibility), which in Czech usually assume the suffix -telný (or ne-telný), and of so-called viewpoint adverbs, like cenově, vzhledově, and povahově. The article’s main focus is the situation of Czech from a diachronic perspective. Emphasis is also placed upon the differences between particular Slavonic languages as well as in academic traditions of linguistics in particular Slavonic nations. These theoretical remarks are illustrated with examples of different languages conveying the same message with means that are either synthetic (one word, e.g. adjective or adverb) or analytic (multi-word phrase).

(Beб)-комикс как современный феномен семиотики

Author(s): Natalia Góra / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 9/2015

I think that the phenomenon of comics can be described as a semiotics because they have a significant impact on society. They allow us to evaluate how the spiritual condition of the mass media human is changing. They come from a semiotic system that should be considered in the linguistic context.

(Mikro)Syntax in Mikrotexten. Syntaktische Analyse von Märchentiteln

Author(s): Magdalena Makowska / Language(s): German / Issue: XIV/2012

The article poses an attempt to provide an answer to the question whether in case ofa literary title, treated as a microtext, it is possible to talk about its specific microsyntax.The subject of analysis encompasses titles of contemporary German fables which are classified due to their syntax construction. The aim of the article is to show what kinds ofsyntax constructions can be regarded as dominant among fable titles for children as wellas to explain what that dominance results from and in what way/s it can influence perceptionin case of such a text recipient that a child is.

/fɑɪs/, /fes/ or /feɪs/? Teachers’ phonetic accommodation of diphthongs in an L2 classroom setting

Author(s): Piotr Steinbrich / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2016

The following paper aims to investigate whether, and if so to what extent, native speaker teachers resort to phonetic accommodation in the use of diphthongs in the classroom setting. In the course of analysis, seven native speaker teachers, each representing a different variety of British English, were recorded in two distinct contexts: classroom and natural. The recordings were used in acoustic analysis in order to gauge potential differences in F1 and F2 in each context. It was concluded that phonetic accommodation does occur in the classroom setting and the modifications of either individual segments or the whole glides can be observed, irrespective of the native accent of the user. It was found, however, that the speakers representing northern varieties of English accommodate more than those speaking with other accents. Another important observation resulting from the analysis was that some diphthongs are likely to undergo phonetic accommodation more than others. On the one end of the cline we observe the diphthong price, whereas the other end is occupied by the glides goat and cure. It is still unclear, however, whether the modifications occur consciously, thus representing a rather developed declarative knowledge of the users, or subconsciously, which would suggest an inner need to attempt to pronounce diphthongs in a standardized way.

200 години от зараждането на сравнително-историческото езикознание и от формирането на лингвистиката като съвременна наука

Author(s): Borislav Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

A case for two voices in Old Church Slavonic – reflexively marked OCS verbs

Author(s): Anna Malicka-Kleparska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Old Church Slavonic data manifest significant similarities in the distribution and formal properties of anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals, while their semantics may also be viewed as partly uniform. The structures representing the said classes of verbs are very frequent in the language, while passive structures, formed with analytic morpho-syntactic constructions, are relatively infrequent. Consequently, the expressions headed by anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals (as well as dative impersonal structures) encroach on the area of semantics belonging in Modern Slavic to be the realm expressed in terms of passive morpho-syntax. The conclusion that can be drawn from this state of affairs is that Old Church Slavonic is characterized by the opposition of active and middle voices, while the passive voice is in its infancy.

A Cognitive Approach to Metaphorical Expressions

Author(s): Attila Imre / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2010

The present book tries to offer an insight regarding metaphorical expressions containing the following prepositions or verbal prefixes:over, through, above, across in English, prin, peste in Romanian and át,keresztül, felett, felül in Hungarian. the study constitutes the Ph.D.dissertation of the author, and the corpus is based on recent and representative dictionaries of the three languages involved: the shorter oxford English Dictionary, Dicţionarul explicativ al limbii române (the Romanian explanatory Dictionary) and A magyar nyelv értelmezőszótára (the Hungarian explanatory Dictionary).

A comparison of the modal dać się structure with the dispositional middle in Polish

Author(s): Anna Bondaruk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

The paper compares the modal dać się structure with the dispositional middle in Polish. It is argued that the two structures are similar as regards argument realization, i.e. in both constructions, the theme argument appears in the structural subject position. The two structures also have a dispositional meaning in common. However, they show a number of differences. They differ in the presence of a syntactically active agent, their aspectual properties, the availability of episodic interpretations, the obligatory presence of an adverbial modifier, and verb class restrictions. Although these differences seem to argue against a common syntactic derivation for the two structures analysed here, they do not preclude classifying the modal dać się structure as a subtype of the dispositional middle. If middles are seen as a notional category, understood as a special meaning that different grammatical structures can have, along the lines postulated by Condoravdi (1989), then the modal dać się structure can be subsumed under the label of middle. In fact, it is argued that the modal dać się structure represents Type II middles in Ackema and Schoorlemmer’s (2005) typology, and it shows properties typical of lassen-middles in German (Pitteroff 2014).

A cy na san tu Litvate? A czy nie jesteś pan z Litwy? Gwara i identyfikacja Cyganów litewskich

Author(s): Lev Tcherenkov / Language(s): English,Polish,Romany / Issue: 1/2009

In the vast area, ranging from Kamchatka in the East to Brest and Bialystok in the West, dialects spoken by the local Gypsies are so close to each other regarding phonetics, morphology and vocabulary, that they make in fact one macro-dialect with local varieties. The details of these varieties can barely be noticed by a non-professional and a non-Gypsy. Nevertheless, these details play an important role in group identification and in the differentiating between Gypsy groupings. The author has intended to present the peculiarities of the dialect spoken by the Lithuanian Gypsies, which make it different from the whole bunch of vernacular Gypsy tongues of a broader area that includes (except of the Republic of Lithuania) Western Belarus, Eastern Latvia and neighboring parts of the Russian Federation.

A Generalized Nonlinear Affixation Approach to Polish Palatalizations

Author(s): Slawomir Zdziebko / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

The paper offers an autosegmental approach to Polish palatalizations whereby the presence of palatalizing features is the result of the translation of morpho-­syntactic features into phonological features. In the first part I present an analysis of the structural change of the relevant palatalizations, which boils down to the account of how floating autosegments are integrated into the underlying structures of the stem-­final segments. The second part is preoccupied with how relevant autosegments are inserted into representation: the palatalizing floating features are phonological ‘halves’ of vocabulary items matching the feature sets marking inflectional categories in Polish. The paper finishes with the discussion of the distribution of the endings i/y/i~ɨ/ and e /ɛ/ as the markers of the Dative and Locative in one of the declension classes in Polish. I show that the approach advocated here fares better at predicting the distribution of the said endings than the better established approach presented in Gussmann (2007).

A historical phonology of Western Karaim: The process of its diversification into dialects

Author(s): Michal Németh / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This article describes the emergence of the dialectal differences in phonology that eventually led to the division of Western Karaim into two dialects. The study is based on manuscripts and manuscript editions covering the period between the 17th and 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the relative chronology of the phonological changes. A periodization of Western Karaim is also proposed.

A LINGUISTIC CONSTRUCT INFORMS MUSICOLOGY: RANKING METRICAL CONSTRAINTS IN MUSIC PERCEPTION

Author(s): Mihailo Antovic / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The construct of perceptual constraints has become increasingly important in cognitive science in recent years, including the research at the intersection of linguistics and musicology. The present paper provides the results of an empirical study into the ordering of metrical preference rules/constraints from the group MPR5, as proposed in "A Generative Theory of Tonal Music" (GTTM, Lerdahl & Jackendoff, 1983). The theory predicts a preference for inferring strong beats on musical tones which exhibit a relatively prominent pitch change, dynamic, long slur, long pattern of articulation, long duration of a pitch in the relevant levels of a time-span reduction, and prominent harmony in the relevant level of a time-span reduction. A hundred and twenty randomly selected undergraduate students (30 musicians and 90 nonmusicians) were played twelve metrical sequences based on the examples of the rule MPR5 from GTTM, of which one half were constructed so as to comply with the participants' expectancies and another half so as to contradict them. The participants were prompted to press a button when certain they had heard a stressed beat. The distributions of responses suggest that the six constraints can be ranked into three larger groups, as follows: physical stress (dynamic, harmony), melodic stress (pitch, slur, length), ornamental stress (articulation). Musicians achieved better results than nonmusicians, and the response latencies considerably rose in the stimuli contradicting expectancies, but the internal constraint rankings remained relatively stable irrespective of the two factors (musical training and inception of stimuli on the targeted beat). Given such results, metrical segmentation is hypothesized to be the principal contribution of GTTM which has stood the test of time.

A mese mint ősrégi epikai narráció

Author(s): Márta Törteli Telek / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

Tales represent a peculiar human way of experiencing the world. This paper displays and analyzes tales using the tools of folklorism, structuralist literary theory and psychonalysis. In tales, space and time are as a rule fictitious, that is, scenes and chronology are completely abstracted. The characters, who belong to either one or the other pole of the type hierarchy, fight their battles successfully without exception. It is impossible to discuss the genre of tales in general terms, so it is better to examine them by subgroups. The study emphasizes that tales include elements of national history, moral values, way of living, range of emotions and thoughts; this is what makes them indispensable to socialisation, this is what makes them a cultural medium. The author reveals that tales, these exciting fables of folk wisdom, with their clear cut composition and distinct, intelligible imagery, are in fact reality seen through the eyes of a child. Thus, choosing the right tale, based on Büchler’s three epochs, promotes overall personality development; assists pedagogical work as a holistic tool.

A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO TECHNICAL TRANSLATION

Author(s): Raluca Ghentulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

This article presents the results of my research in the field of Technical-Scientific Translations and offers some suggestions to those who teach specialized translations at an academic level. My perspective on this subject is based on my own experience in working with the future specialized translators and interpreters from the Specialization of Translation and Interpretation within the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest. The main aim of this paper is to share with my colleagues and my students the new methods of teaching specialized translations, which I have implemented at my lectures and seminars, in an attempt to turn an apparently tedious school subject into an attractive and useful activity.

A net presentation of Lithuanian sentences containing verbal forms with the grammatical suffix -dav

Author(s): Danuta Roszko,Roman Roszko / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2014

In the article the authors make an attempt to present the meaning of Lithuanian sentences containing verbal forms with the grammatical suffix -dav- (the so-called iterative past tense forms) by means of Petri nets. The authors gradually develop the net to such complexity that it makes it possible to avoid interpretative similarities to other Lithuanian verbal forms.

A Note on the Grammatical Functions and Patterns of Use of the Function Word Ol in Written Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin)

Author(s): Pawel Kornacki / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The aim of this paper is to examine the chief aspects of the synchronic use of the multi- functional word ol (gloss: 3PL/PL) in its characteristic functions of a third-person plural pronoun and a plural marker in Tok Pisin1, recorded in a small group of texts which represent the contemporary written register of Tok Pisin. It is hoped that the undertaken examination of a number of characteristic contexts modified by this particle will shed some light on a prominent aspect of multifunctionality within the nominal morphology of Tok Pisin.

A Plenitude of Prefixes: Delineating the Boundaries of Neo-, Retro-, Faux- and Post-Victorian Literature

Author(s): Maciej Sulmicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

The category of contemporary fiction looking back to nineteenth-century British history is adorned with various prefixes, among them neo-Victorian, retro-Victorian, faux-Victorian and post-Victorian. The problem of naming is a common one when attempts are made to describe and define a new phenomenon. After about a decade of debate, the prefix ‛neo’ is the one chosen most often. Nevertheless, it is quite often used interchangeably with the others. Evidently then the boundaries between these terms are at best blurry. In fact they are often treated as synonyms, even though the scope of the concepts to which they are applied often differs. It seems, however, that all these terms could be put to good use if their individual definitions were specified and agreed upon. I would therefore like to postulate a disambiguation of the four terms mentioned above.