"Astérix et Obélix" – un univers pragmatique

Author(s): Alexandra Cărămizaru / Language(s): French / Issue: 2/2013

The article uses notions and concepts borrowed from Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis (i.e. speech act and ethos), combined with the actantial model developed by Greimas (1966). The author focuses on the essentially pragmatic dimension of the textual world created by Uderzo & Goscinny: the actions performed by Asterix and Obelix, the heroes of the famous comics bearing the same title, are based on their knowledge and understanding of the world they live in (dictionary and encyclopaedia), on their will to act (intention), but also on the fact that they can act (they have a mandate from their leader). This pragmatic dimension is inherent to the discourse allowing certain relationships to be established between individuals acting in specific contexts. By identifying the dominant speech acts, the author draws up the ethical profiles of the selected characters and the corresponding relations, more or les asymmetric (at the social and/or discursive level), generated by them.

"auleta" und es bleibt alles beim Neuen! Zur Konstitution der polnischen Fachneologismen im Bereich der altgriechischen Musik.

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawłowski / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.

"Części mowy odmieniające się przez przypadki." - Feliks Żochowski

Author(s): Małgorzata B. Majewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 04/2017

"Essere" o "avere"? La selezione dell’ausiliare tra teoria e didattica nell’insegnamento dell’italiano a stranieri

Author(s): Davide Bozzo / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 2/2018

In the teaching of Italian L2, learners and teachers encounter difficulties when they are faced with the issue of auxiliary selection in the formation of compound tenses. If we analyse the way grammars for foreigners deal with the problem, we notice—between hypertrophic classifications and lists of exceptions—the lack of a model that is able to explain the phenomenon in a systematic and exhaustive manner. Looking at the source, i.e., the Italian L1 grammars, the syntactic model based on the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs, both in its traditional and non-accusative version, is not suitable for application in L2 teaching, especially in the case of learners from countries where little room during class time is given to metalinguistic reflection. This paper aims to suggest an alternative semantic model that is capable of representing an orientation tool for learners and finding a balance between theoretical and teaching needs, as well as between learning and acquisition. According to our model—which moves the attention from government to diathesis and starts from the meaning of the auxiliaries as autonomous verbs—avere is used when the effects of the action expressed by the verb are directed towards the external world. Meanwhile, essere is used when such effects are directed towards the subject itself, that is, when the syntactic subject of the sentence represents the semantic object of the event, and it therefore assumes the role of the patient, typical of passive and middle diathesis.

"FIRE" AS THE "LOGO" OF THE ARTISTIC WORLDS

Author(s): Natalja Dyorina,Yuliya Yuzhakova,Liliya Polyakova,Tatyana Zalavina / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Fire as the ‘Logo’ of Artistic Worlds. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the image of fire created by two representatives, one of the Acmeist and the other of the Romantic school of poetry, N. Gumilev and S.T. Coleridge, revealing similarities and differences between their approaches. The obvious parallelism of the poets’ works is demonstrated, with particular attention paid to the fact that specific fire-related images were emphasised by Gumilev in his translation of Coleridge’s works. The attributes of the artistic universes of the Russian and of the English poet are shown: the continuity and constant interaction of their elements, the identity of the properties of the whole and of its various parts in each case.

"Le convoi du 24 janvier" de Charlotte Delbo et la mémoire ressuscitée de la Déportation

Author(s): Beata Kędzia-Klebeko / Language(s): French / Issue: 10/2016

The novel Convoy to Auschwitz, a testimony of the concentration camp experiences of a famous French writer Charlotte Delbo appeared in France in 1966. This book expresses the author's ethical position, who admits that the language of literature is capable to express even those human experiences which seemed inexpressible or inexplicable. The novel Convoy to Auschwitz is a biographical account of the daily lives of 230 women who were deported from France to the concentration camp in Auschwitz. The author attempts to protect and preserve for the posterity the lives of silent female heroes who were doomed to die in the camp appalling living conditions because of their nationality, political views or race. The memory of them requires a written testimony because of passing time, insensitivity to the past of subsequent generations, and also because of possible free interpretations of history.

"Nebibliografinë" Jono Bretkûno Postilë (1591): Vlado Daumanto egzempliorius

Author(s): Ona Aleknavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 06/2004

In this article I describe the copy of Jonas Bretkûnas' Postilla (1591), which is kept in the Kaunas Art Gallery of Mykolas Žilinskas (this is a division of the National Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis), in the section of Archival Documents and Photographs (call number: Tkr. 148). Until 1944 the copy was kept in the private collection of Vladas Daumantas. For a certain period after World War Two it was unknown to scholars. The copy was included neither in the Lithuanian Bibliography (Lietuvos TSR bibliografija, 1969; LB I), nor in the supplement volume (Papildymai, 1990; LBP). This is the tenth copy of Bretkûnas' Postilla kept in Lithuania. Daumantas' copy is not defective, but is in good condition. There are, however, certain errors of pagination. Certain circumstances attest that this copy was the property of Vladas Daumantas: (1) an inscription in purple pencil on the title page "VDaumantas" (cf. Fig. 1); (2) an inscription "VDaumanto kolekcija" in the accession book of the Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis; (3) a description of the Postilla in the manuscripts by Petras Jakðtas (a contemporary of Daumantas; they both were members of the 27 Book Lovers Society).

"Œdipe Roi" – De l’enquête policière à la quête identitaire : noms propres et descriptions définies

Author(s): Mădălina Raşoga / Language(s): French / Issue: 4/2015

Sophocle’s tragedy, Oedipus the King, may be considered the first detective novel whose plot is built around the defining question of this literary genre: “Who is the murderer (x)?”. The existence of a murderer is thus presupposed since the beginning, which leads us to the first interpretation of the play, namely the referential investigation, aiming at the identification of the murderer to whom we assign the variable x. However, the real subject of the play is not the identity of the alleged murderer, but that of the eponymous character. The accent shifts from the referential investigation to Oedipus’s beliefs about his own origin (“Who am IŒdipe?”). Therefore, we propose a second reading level that leads us to the analysis of the play as the story of the quest for identity. We will sustain our hypothesis with the help of the notions of reference – seen from a double perspective: (i) logical vs (ii) pragmatic – and the universe of belief.

"Posthumno" i pučka etimologija

Author(s): Domagoj Grečl / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1998

U jednome mom članku lektor mi je promijenio riječ postumno u posthumno.

"ROMANIAN TODAY – AN OVERVIEW", BY MARINELA DOINA NISTEA

Author(s): Raluca Ghenţulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

"Slovenski" i "hrvatski" kao zamjenjivi nazivi za jezik hrvatske književnosti

Author(s): Radoslav Katičić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 4/1988

In this paper a documentation is presented on the basis of which is shown that from the beginnings of the Croatian branch of the СупПо-Methodian tradition its language is accordingly called "slovenski". Later in the Middle Ages this name became interchangeable with "hrvatski". This was transferred to the literature whose language was based on the vernacular. With certain variations in space and time this interchangeability remained in vigour until the end of the 18th century. It determines one particular literary body in the Slavic complex: the Croatian Literature and its language.

"Vzhledově neodolatelný", ale "povahově nesnesitelný", czyli o niektórych czeskich przymiotnikach i przysłówkach

Author(s): Irena Bogocz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 50/2015

The present contribution from the field of comparative Slavonic word for­ mation deals with a specific feature of the Czech language, namely its frequent (in comparison to other Slavonic tongues) use of adjectives of passive possibility (impossibility), which in Czech usually assume the suffix -telný (or ne-telný), and of so-called viewpoint adverbs, like cenově, vzhledově, and povahově. The article’s main focus is the situation of Czech from a diachronic perspective. Emphasis is also placed upon the differences between particular Slavonic languages as well as in academic traditions of linguistics in particular Slavonic nations. These theoretical remarks are illustrated with examples of different languages conveying the same message with means that are either synthetic (one word, e.g. adjective or adverb) or analytic (multi-word phrase).

"Warum soll man müssen müssen?" - System und Gebrauchsaspekte zur Beschreibung von müssen und sollen im Deutschen

Author(s): Hans Rainge / Language(s): German / Issue: 13/1986

Autor próbuje w oparciu o teorię działań językowych dokonać analizy czasowników modalnych w języku niemieckim. Analiza ograniczona do wzajemnej relacji czasowników "müssen" i "sollen" uwzględnia trzy płaszczyzny: opis z punktu widzenia teorii działań językowych, analizę ontogenetyczną oraz rzeczywiste użycie w/w czasowników.

"Wychódźc", "Pcim" i "Rzgów". Grupy spółgłoskowe w nazwach miejscowości w świetle fonotaktyki polskiej

Author(s): Krzysztof Jaskuła,Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2020

The paper undertakes an interesting and largely under-researched issue of initial and final consonant clusters in many Polish place names which are either unattested in common words or occur only in isolated cases, as illustrated by the examples provided in the title. The presentation of the relevant language data is followed by a brief description of the historical sources of such clusters which involve sound changes (e.g. disappearance of weak vowels, palatalization and segment metathesis), as well as borrowings from other languages and local dialects. Next, the discussion focuses on the place the names in question should occupy in the Polish phonotactic system. The authors argue that equating phonotactic well-formedness with structures attested in language and ill-formedness with those which are unattested is too simplistic. A solid analysis of the aforementioned issues requires a substantial modification and introduction of several subtler distinctions. They claim, therefore, that phonotactic restrictions form a scale, with well-formed and ill-formed sound sequences appearing at its extremities and with rare consonant clusters and those found only in place names and some borrowings located in the middle.

"Wystarczy mocno i wytrwale zastanawiać się nad jednym życiem…" Biografistyka jako hermeneutyczne wyzwanie

Author(s): Anna Legeżyńska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

There is more than a formal difference between autobiography and biography understood as a text or process of describing another person’s life. Biography has a distinct modal framework that depends on three factors: the biographer’s fascination, empathy and imagination. These three, Legeżyńska argues, have a hermeneutic role, for they determine how the biographer interprets not just facts but the whole meaning of the subject’s life and work. Legeżyńska recalls how formalist and structuralist theories attempted to discredit the notion of (the real author’s) personality, then reviews representations of biography in personalism and in modernist aesthetic of portraiture – representations that anticipate her own concept of life writing. Her own experience of writing a biography (of the poet Julia Hartwig) is positioned in the movement of what Ryszard Nycz has called “personal literary scholarship”. She proposes the notion of “imagined biography” to describe her own preferred convention of describing a creative personality.

"Запіскі янычара" Канстанцінa Міхайлoвічa як факт узаемадачынненняў славянскіх літаратур (XV-XVI ст. ст.)

Author(s): Halina Twaranowicz / Language(s): Belarussian / Issue: II/1997

"Земя" и "пустиня" в българската фразеология

Author(s): Ekaterina Struganova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1 (5)/2017

This article is dedicated to analyses of Bulgarian idioms stemming from semantic fields centred round "earth” and "desert” from the point of view of cultural linguistics. An attempt has been made to classify cultural markers which were found in our material published in the phraseological dictionaries.

#naukanatwitterze. O multimodalnym designie informacji w dyskursie cyfrowym

Author(s): Magdalena Makowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 7/2020

The subject of the article are the ways of popularizing scientific and popular science knowledge by using Twitter as a social media platform. The research corpus comprises 100 tweets which come from institutional and individual senders, including both representatives of the world of science as well as of the media that aim to popularize scientific knowledge. As a result of the medialinguistic analysis, which focused on the structural and functional plane of the studied media texts, the high representativeness of multimodal tweets was noted. Namely, language and image contextualize each other: the image allows us to fill the semantic gap resulting from the ellipticalness of the verbal layer of a given tweet. Thus, the contribution of the multimodal information design to knowledge transfer in digital discourse has been demonstrated.

(De)Constructing Leadership through Ritualised Discourse

Author(s): Gabriela Scripnic / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2019

This study deals with the notion of leadership, envisaged broadly as the quality of a head of state to lead his people towards a common goal while conveying the image of a role-model by both his actions and statements. During his presidential term, a head of state is confronted with many institutionalised contexts where he is expected to issue an official speech. From the numerous official speeches that a president is likely to deliver, I have chosen to dwell on one of the most ritualised discursive sequences, namely the presidential greetings on New Year’s Eve, in order to highlight how the presidential ethos is built through discursive and extra-discursive elements. In this context, I have taken into account the greetings of the Romanian ex-President, Traian Băsescu, from the period 2004-2013 (he was elected twice) with a view to analysing both the purely discursive devices (speech acts, appellatives, semantic content emphasized) and the extra-linguistic elements (place where the discourse is delivered, communication channel). The analysis aims at answering the following questions: Can we consider the presidential greetings and the choices made within and outside the discourse itself as indirect evidence of the diminution of the public support that the president had benefited from? Do the greetings emphasize the president’s effort to adapt to his audience while maintaining the tradition of a well-established ritual?

(Ne)cenzurirana psovka u publicističkom diskursu

Author(s): Jelena Ilić-Plauc / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 13/2020

This paper aims to bring up a discussion on the topic that most 20th-century eminent linguists used to ignore and marginalize as being considered peripheral and not serious and worthy of academic research. It is rather interesting that linguists, anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists were neglecting this issue, sporadically and unsystematically dealing with it, although being aware that swearwords are one of the most common words and phrases in most languages. Thus, the lack of research and analyses goes in favor of the aforementioned statement. Indeed, swearword presents a linguistic polyfunctional phenomenon, and it has just recently started to be taken seriously, discussed and researched on the world as well as the European linguistic scene. So, this paper contributes to this overall swearing research, as it is being based on a qualitative analysis of the collected examples found in the mass media, that have been chosen according to the censored swearword found in the online article’s headline. Fourteen online portals from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro have been taken for the corpus, data monitored from October to December 2019. The main hypothesis is that swearwords, though more common in a conversational functional style, are omnipresent in written, online media, and thus journalistic discourse. This has been supported by the fact that the frequency of uncensored swearwords present in the media is almost the same as the frequency of censored swearwords, while descriptive swearwords happen to be an extremely rare occurrence. Obscene vocabulary in journalistic discourse is a complex linguistic, psychological, sociological, cultural and ethnological phenomenon, and it can also be suggested that swearwords bear exceptional elasticity and adaptability features.