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The Romanian intellectuals and their political commitment become one central issue in focus of Manea-Kanterian dialogue (before and after 1990). The different situations of intellectuals's position towards the regime (overt or covert political commitment or, on the contrary, total disapproval) are honestly and objectively approached.
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In dem Artikel wird eines der wichtigsten Elemente des (reise)literarischen Nachlasses im XIX. Jahrhundert, nämlich das Wirtshaus, dargestellt. Charakteristisch für die damalige kulturelle Wirklichkeit war die Tatsache, dass diese Gasthäuser von den Vertretern der jüdischen Gemeinde geführt wurden. Diese Situation war ein Ergebnis der im XIX Jahrhundert herrschenden Gesetzgebung, die die Ausübung von anderen Berufen als den des Gastwirtes für Juden verbot. Gasthäuser wurden im multikulturellem Polen und später nach dem Verlust der Unabhängigkeit eine Schnittstelle von Interessen folgender drei ökonomischer Instanzen: der polnischen Gutsbesitzer, der jüdischen Pächter und polnischer Bauern. Bei einer Gelegenheit der ökonomischen Verhältnisse kam es auch zu einem spezifischen kulturellen Austausch. Für den polnischen Bauer war ein Wirtshaus nicht nur eine Anlaufstelle, an der er sich nach aktuellen Informationen erkundigen konnte, sondern auch ein Forum, in dem Wissen über die weite Welt ausgetauscht wurde. Die Bilder der ländlichen, von Juden geführten Wirtshäuser, wurde ein Thema vieler Werke der polnischen Literatur. Folgende Autoren sind zu erwähnen: F. Kowalski, S. K. Potocki, W. Wiącek, E. A. Odyniec, J. I. Kraszewski. Das ländliche Wirtshaus in einer typischen Beschreibung ist meistens ein Ort, an dem die Juden die polnischen Bauern ans Trinken gewöhnen und mit Krediten oder anderen Verpflichtungen abhängig machen. In einem kleineren Ausmaß wird auch eine gute Seite des Charakters und nationaler Eigenschaften der Juden gezeigt. Es wird aber darüber geschwiegen, dass die Juden zur Ausübung von Funktion des Pächters von dem damaligen Recht und polnischen Gutsbesitzern gezwungen wurden.
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The review of: Keele maitsest. Luuleantoloogia. Koostaja Mart Velsker. Idee autor ja kaaskoostaja Tõnu Tender. Tallinn: EKSA, 2018. 463 lk.
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The objective of the article is a comparative analysis of the biblical epic La Judit (1574) by Calvinistic poet Guillaume Salluste Du Bartas and the Polish paraphrase written by Rafał Leszczyński (1620), who was the leader of Polish Protestants in Greater Poland. The current state of research on both poems is very modest: the works were discussed exclusively in introductions to the critical editions cited above. In the present article, the two versions have been compared on three aspects: epic poetics, confessional tinge and references to regicide, which was a contemporary issue in both countries in those times. The French poem is composed of six books and comprises 2,837 lines of 12 syllables each, rhyming AABB. The biblical narration was enriched with numerous allusions to contemporary events as well as digressions on both moral and political issues. It is written in a high style enriched with Homeric comparisons, characters’ speeches, descriptions and erudite catalogues. Leszczyński’s adaptation is shorter than the French original: it is composed of five books comprising 1,640 lines of 13 syllables each, rhyming AABB. This reduction owes to the removal of the digressions and contemporary allusions, without touching the qualities of the epic style.
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Forgotten Issues of Romanian Literary History: War Poetry. Having as a starting point a general reflection on the belonging of Romanian literature to a cultural geography constantly conditioned by history, this study aims to question the reasons why Romanian poetry of the Great War represents for over a century a taboo subject of Romanian literary history, contrary to tendencies in international literary history.
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Looking for the Denegation. Possibilities of Reading the Social Reality in Literature. Despite a disciplinary history filled with embarrassing determinisms, the sociology of literature still tries to overcome al methodological obstacles, by proposing a mediate reading between the literary work and its socio-historical conditions. The present paper examines two recent examples of this mediate reading: Pierre Bourdieu’s homological model between the author’s position in the literary field and its literary production, respectively Jacques Rancière’s argument for an internal literary structure capable of self-explaining. Irreconcilably different, these two readings present nonetheless a common effort: both of them look for the categories of denegation – unintentional textual structures and silent style choices caused by the author’s habitus and by the social practices and constraints.
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Titlul cărţii prezentate, Literatură populară în cercetările monografice ale Şcolii Sociologice de la Bucureşti - Littérature populaire dans les recherches monographiques de l'École Sociologique de Bucarest, stârneşte la prima lecturare un triplu interes: pentru etnologi, pentru filologii pasionați de ramura folclorului literar și pentru cititorii dornici să descopere texte populare autentice.
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Editarea volumului Ion C. Cazan - „Literatură populară / Littérature populaire / în cercetările monografice ale Şcolii Sociologice de la Bucureşti. I. Nerej-Vrancea” de către Muzeul Satului din Bucureşti, a reprezentat un eveniment extrem de important în cadrul colecţiei de carte etnologică.
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Antologia / Anthologie
The book is a bilingual anthology of over fifty texts written in German by 19th- and 20th-century authors, absent from the critical and popular consciousness so far, but deeply rooted in Łódź history. The editors attempted to reconstruct literature written in the distinct regional variety of the German language called Lodzer Deutsch (or Lodzerdeutsch), and to present it as translated into Polish. The texts have for the most part been sourced from newspapers, few of which having been digitized; the publication therefore also contributes to saving the cultural heritage of Łódź. The reader can also find authors’ profiles, a minidictionary of selected Lodzerdeutsch vocabulary, introductory essays on the historical and cultural context of “Łódź literature” and on the characteristics of the Łódź variety of German. The publication is accompanied by five audio tracks in Lodzerdeutsch read by Aurelia Scheffel, who left Łódź – her home town – and moved with her parents to Oldenburg in 1946. The language presented in the recordings is one which Scheffel used on a daily basis in her home. Each track can be played by clicking on a corresponding link below.
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Romulus Bucur is a renowned writer and literary critic. He is also faculty member at Transylvania University of Braşov, institution well-known for its courses of creative writing and translation studies. “Glosses” is a nimbly written theoretical book wherein many topics are analyzed. One of the most important is the work of Alexandru Muşina, editor, writer, professor, and mentor of the Group of Braşov (a fertile contingent of writers still holding sway in Romanian literature).The second part of the volume is dedicated to the Romanian translations from the classical and contemporary Chinese culture. Mention must be made about the semiotic approach to all literary works glossed about.
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This article aims to trace out the diagram of the insight into Max Blecher’s work, an atypical author and a marginal figure of tragic experience, who succeeds in imposing himself on the Romanian literature through his peculiar and problematic writing, subsequently integrating himself in the canon of the interwar modernity. From the perspective of the critical receptiveness in the diachronic and synchronic sense, there will be highlighted several temporal sequences between 1934 and 2015, in which Blecher’s work is subjected to the value and typological criterion, and there will be made both just, enthusiastic appreciations, and subjective, sometimes controversial and blameable ones. The analytical process will also emphasise the clichés of the author’s receptiveness and the underlying elements that give Blecher’s work two distinct directions: on the one hand, the psychological analysis, the experimental and confessional literature and on the other, the metaphysics through the elements of the absurd, oneiric visionariness and ontological crisis. Thus, the delayed canonisation of this author explains itself through the syncope in the evolution of receptiveness and the arguments that place this author in a totally different cultural context: psychologism, expressionism, surrealism, existentialism.
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Our research follows the demonic perspective on Avestiția′s activity and life. Considered today as a demonic character, she is highlighted by an activity defined almost exclusively against the killing of a pregnant woman or a baby, through appearances that cause fright (the disease called samcă) and the disfigurement of the "touched" by the demon. Because her history is unknown, the recent popular tradition has made one, Avestiția being the sister of Saint Sisoe, a murderer of children, and hence the generation of his witchcraft activity, which is why she is punished by her brother and by Archangel Michael. Newer theories claim a Semite origin (Lamashtu and Lilith), but we come with another, a totemic one, generated by the demon's descriptions. Thus, by systematizing the researched elements, we affirm that, starting from a totem (of the bear), dethroned by the masculine cults of Dacia, deity turns into a demon and encounters the demonological semite elements, prior to Christianity in our country. Subsequent intervention of Christianity "corrects" the history of the character, turning her into a legend, when Sisoe and Archangel Michael appear. This final formula is known by Romanian ethnologists. Christian syncretism almost immediately generates the incantations of samcă and the "Book of Avestiția," a charm that reveals the name and the real history of the demon, which aroused the attention of Christian syncretism when attempting to kill baby Jesus, defrauded by Michael. Sacred folk literature describes her as an extremely dangerous being, Satan's right wing.
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Răspunsurile la Chestionarele Odobescu și Hasdeu, pentru județul Brăila, editori: Ionel Cândea, Costin Croitoru (Ion TALOȘ); Constantin Brăiloiu, culegător și editor de folclor, ed.: Nicolae Constantinescu, Mihail Adrian Șerban (Cristian MUȘA); Troițe și cimitire cu stâlpi funerari de pe Valea și din Munții Sebeșului. Repertoriu, coord.: Radu Totoianu, Călin Anghel (Andreea BUZAȘ); Folclor din Valea Sebeșului, ed. Ilie Moise (Radu TOTOIANU); Studii de etnologie. In honorem prof. univ. dr. Ilie Moise, coord. Andreea Buzaș (Ana GRAMA); Pe cărările timpului. O radiografie fotografică a satului vasluian, coord. Lucian-Valeriu Lefter (Dan Dumitru IACOB); Irmgard Sedler, Noblesse & Raffinement. Der höfische Schuh im Barock und Rokoko – Noblețe și rafinament. Pantoful de curte în Baroc și Rococo (Andreea BUZAȘ); „Musa” – implicații naționale. Folclor poetic într-o revistă manuscrisă din secolul al XIX-lea, ed.: Virgiliu Florea, Andreea Buzaș (Ioan POPA); Sebeșu de Jos – sub semnul identității, ed. Ilie Moise (Andreea BUZAȘ)
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Activitatea scriitoricească a lui Gheorghe Dăncuş nu este de aflat în volume, singurele pe care le-a publicat fiind volumul Literatura populară. Crestături și crâmpeie (Cluj, 1945, 30 p) şi două antologii: Grai și suflet românesc – Versuri din Transilvania Nordică, pe care o însoţeşte cu un „prolog lămuritor“ (Cluj, 1941, 208 p.) şi Din viaţa satului transilvănean, culegere de povestiri din mai mulţi autori, cu o precuvântare (Cluj, 1942, 240 p.). Pentru ca să-i examineze publicistica în cartea Gheorghe Dăncuş (Editura Enesis, Baia Mare, 2015, 240 p.), Pamfil Bilţiu s-a adresat direct publicaţiilor la care a colaborat cărturarul maramureşean: Gazeta maramureşană, Graiul Maramureşului, pe care Gh. Dăncuş l-a înfiinţat la 1 martie 1932, Crainicul Maramureşului, Acţiunea maramureşeană, Tribuna Ardealului şi Calendarul Tribuna Ardealului. O publicistică bogată (cartea lui Pamfil Bilţiu consemnează 274 de titluri), în care un loc aparte îl constituie articolele despre starea românilor transilvăneni după odiosul dictat de la Viena. Publicistul scrie despre teoriile horthyste referitoare la spaţiul şi locul de formare a poporului român, soarta cărţii şi a bibliotecilor în urma cotropirii horthyste, demască demagogia regimului horthyst în problema minorităţilor, politizarea vieţii culturale după nefastul dictat, combate nerespectarea egalităţii cetăţenilor români cu cei maghiari, cere libera întrebuinţare a limbii materne.
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Spunem lucrare iar nu carte pentru că autorul ei n-a reuşit s-o încheie şi s-o publice (despre cauzele acestei situaţii a se vedea pp. 43–44 din ediţia pe care o comentăm). Îndreptar pentru tineret a devenit carte în 20l5, ediţia fiind îngrijită de Sanda Golopenţia şi Ruxandra Guţu Pelazza, cu introducere şi note de Sanda Golopenţia (Editura Enciclopedică, 254 p.).
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The present paper aims to offer Anglophone researchers a selection of translated quotes from Mihai Eminescu’s non-literary oeuvre, relevant to the philosophy of history of the most complex Romanian author of the nineteenth century. It should thus become possible to reconsider Eminescu’s position within the concert of European philosophers of history. The fragments gathered here stem mainly from his activity as a cultural and political journalist, throughout which he voiced, albeit unsystematically, his views on history. Although he did not ultimately articulate an academic philosophy of history per se, these fragments, now available in English for the first time, may give valuable insights into Eminescu’s conception of history. Above all else, they meaningfully complement whatever can be gleaned from Eminescu’s already translated poetry or literary prose. Hopefully the fragments presented here will aid scholars in establishing more precisely what Eminescu’s views on history owe to Schopenhauer’s metaphysics and what to the proper philosophy of history he could find in Hegel. This is a double allegiance scholars have also recognized in Maiorescu’s work. By the same token, it would further be important to chart Eminescu’s ambivalence towards Hegel, an ambivalence also visible in the works of Romanian philosopher Vasile Conta. Finally, the fragments below may help to bring to the fore the complex interplay between Hegelian theodicy and Kantian teleology in Eminescu’s historical thought.
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INTERTEXT
In this study we analyzed the narrative formula from the short prose of the Romanianwriters B. P. Hasdeu, C. Negruzzi, L. Donici, P. Goma, to identify the readiness to look for newdiscursive strategies. After a substantially updated critical reconsideration, we established that theauthors demonstrate in the short prose texts mobility and unexpected vivacity, noting the diversity ofnarrative strategies. In each case it was necessary to move critical inertions, to discover innovations inthe narrative formulation of discourse polymorphism, the dialogic report of variations and the parodicundermining of romantic works (B. P. Hasdeu); recourse to Autoparody, the play with narrative voices,the ambiguity of the reference (C. Negruzzi); the self-fiction essence of the refugee drama, underminingthe communist ideological strategies of the mancurtization of the human being (Leon Donici), forcingto write in another genre, building complicated mental mixtures, prominent tematization of mentalcognitive processes (Paul Goma).
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