1898. 25 години от обесването на Левски: юбилей и преса

Author(s): Elena Getova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.

1926–1940

Author(s): Historical Future Editors / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2016

The journal Korunk (“Our Age”) celebrates the 90th anniversary of its founding in February this year. One of the oldest Hungarian-language social-scientific/cultural/literary journals of the Carpathian Basin still published today has played an essential role not only within Transylvanian Hungarian literary, scientific and cultural life, but also in the integration of European values into Transylvanian culture. Its founder and editor until 1931 was Dienes László, who, from January 1929, co-edits the journal with Gábor Gaál. The Korunk establishes a new type of journal, aimed at encompassing the whole of modernly differentiated spiritual life, hitherto lacking from Romanian Hungarian culture, which, as “a journal of four countries”, enlists its authors from more countries for almost every issue, even in the issues of the first series, from February 1926 to August 1940. The second series of the Korunk commences in February 1957, under editor-in-chief Ernõ Gáll and managing editor Edgár Balogh. The thematic centre of the journal is defined as the modernisation of its profile and themes and as the rendering of national and ethnic characteristics “between universal coordinates”. However, the ever-increasing censorship sees to it that the initiatives of this second start soon turn grey, and that the journal limits itself to the preservation of forms and to the mere presentation of worldwide cultural life, tolerated by the censors. The second part of the 1960s, with the easing up of the political climate, brings about a new change. This is the beginning of the truly “good period” of the Korunk, due to experimenting with new forms, new editorial conceptions, and, not least, to the exploitation of the possibilities inherent in thematic editing. By this time, the journal has become not only a much needed forum for Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals, but also an institution of consciousness formation and ethnic self-cognizance. Again, after 1984, the year when the repressive characteristics of the political regime start to become increasingly dominant, the possibilities are narrowed down once more. In fact, from now on, the life of the journal limits itself to isolated editorial work. The third series, launched in January 1990, will have Lajos Kántor as editor-in-chief, followed by Imre József Balázs, and then by Gyöngy Kovács Kiss. In its present form, Korunk remains a forum for intellectuals and a mediator of scientific results. On the one hand, it is a blend of Transylvanism and Europeanism – due to the discussion of global and local themes –, on the other hand, it also fulfils the function of a bridge between the segments of Transylvanian and universal Hungarian spiritual life. The fragmentary corpus of this issue presents the virtual, longitudinal, or rather latitudinal, section of a textual archive, its horizontal and vertical approach. And, in this reading, it is also an attempt at a self-reflection of the Korunk at its jubilee.

1957-1989

Author(s): Historical Future Editors / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2016

The journal Korunk (“Our Age”) celebrates the 90th anniversary of its founding in February this year. One of the oldest Hungarian-language social-scientific/cultural/literary journals of the Carpathian Basin still published today has played an essential role not only within Transylvanian Hungarian literary, scientific and cultural life, but also in the integration of European values into Transylvanian culture. Its founder and editor until 1931 was Dienes László, who, from January 1929, co-edits the journal with Gábor Gaál. The Korunk establishes a new type of journal, aimed at encompassing the whole of modernly differentiated spiritual life, hitherto lacking from Romanian Hungarian culture, which, as “a journal of four countries”, enlists its authors from more countries for almost every issue, even in the issues of the first series, from February 1926 to August 1940. The second series of the Korunk commences in February 1957, under editor-in-chief Ernõ Gáll and managing editor Edgár Balogh. The thematic centre of the journal is defined as the modernisation of its profile and themes and as the rendering of national and ethnic characteristics “between universal coordinates”. However, the ever-increasing censorship sees to it that the initiatives of this second start soon turn grey, and that the journal limits itself to the preservation of forms and to the mere presentation of worldwide cultural life, tolerated by the censors. The second part of the 1960s, with the easing up of the political climate, brings about a new change. This is the beginning of the truly “good period” of the Korunk, due to experimenting with new forms, new editorial conceptions, and, not least, to the exploitation of the possibilities inherent in thematic editing. By this time, the journal has become not only a much needed forum for Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals, but also an institution of consciousness formation and ethnic self-cognizance. Again, after 1984, the year when the repressive characteristics of the political regime start to become increasingly dominant, the possibilities are narrowed down once more. In fact, from now on, the life of the journal limits itself to isolated editorial work. The third series, launched in January 1990, will have Lajos Kántor as editor-in-chief, followed by Imre József Balázs, and then by Gyöngy Kovács Kiss. In its present form, Korunk remains a forum for intellectuals and a mediator of scientific results. On the one hand, it is a blend of Transylvanism and Europeanism – due to the discussion of global and local themes –, on the other hand, it also fulfils the function of a bridge between the segments of Transylvanian and universal Hungarian spiritual life. The fragmentary corpus of this issue presents the virtual, longitudinal, or rather latitudinal, section of a textual archive, its horizontal and vertical approach. And, in this reading, it is also an attempt at a self-reflection of the Korunk at its jubilee.

1990–2015

Author(s): Historical Future Editors / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2016

The journal Korunk (“Our Age”) celebrates the 90th anniversary of its founding in February this year. One of the oldest Hungarian-language social-scientific/cultural/literary journals of the Carpathian Basin still published today has played an essential role not only within Transylvanian Hungarian literary, scientific and cultural life, but also in the integration of European values into Transylvanian culture. Its founder and editor until 1931 was Dienes László, who, from January 1929, co-edits the journal with Gábor Gaál. The Korunk establishes a new type of journal, aimed at encompassing the whole of modernly differentiated spiritual life, hitherto lacking from Romanian Hungarian culture, which, as “a journal of four countries”, enlists its authors from more countries for almost every issue, even in the issues of the first series, from February 1926 to August 1940. The second series of the Korunk commences in February 1957, under editor-in-chief Ernõ Gáll and managing editor Edgár Balogh. The thematic centre of the journal is defined as the modernisation of its profile and themes and as the rendering of national and ethnic characteristics “between universal coordinates”. However, the ever-increasing censorship sees to it that the initiatives of this second start soon turn grey, and that the journal limits itself to the preservation of forms and to the mere presentation of worldwide cultural life, tolerated by the censors. The second part of the 1960s, with the easing up of the political climate, brings about a new change. This is the beginning of the truly “good period” of the Korunk, due to experimenting with new forms, new editorial conceptions, and, not least, to the exploitation of the possibilities inherent in thematic editing. By this time, the journal has become not only a much needed forum for Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals, but also an institution of consciousness formation and ethnic self-cognizance. Again, after 1984, the year when the repressive characteristics of the political regime start to become increasingly dominant, the possibilities are narrowed down once more. In fact, from now on, the life of the journal limits itself to isolated editorial work. The third series, launched in January 1990, will have Lajos Kántor as editor-in-chief, followed by Imre József Balázs, and then by Gyöngy Kovács Kiss. In its present form, Korunk remains a forum for intellectuals and a mediator of scientific results. On the one hand, it is a blend of Transylvanism and Europeanism – due to the discussion of global and local themes –, on the other hand, it also fulfils the function of a bridge between the segments of Transylvanian and universal Hungarian spiritual life. The fragmentary corpus of this issue presents the virtual, longitudinal, or rather latitudinal, section of a textual archive, its horizontal and vertical approach. And, in this reading, it is also an attempt at a self-reflection of the Korunk at its jubilee.

Aneksja kolektywu czy dyktat wybiórcy? Z zagadnień antologii tłumaczeń (na przykładzie nowych wyborów poezji rosyjskiej)

Author(s): Ewa Goczal / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 157/2017

The article attempts to present the comparison of two translator’s achievements: Zbigniew Dmitroca’s Radio Swoboda and Jerzy Czech’s Wdrapałem się na piedestał. The anthologist’s work is considered here as both the act of translation and revelation — joining the translation of literary texts and their compilation in anthologies with scrutinizing the particular writers and literary phenomena as well as the process of translation itself, and introducing a new, transforming quality to the native poetry. A translator-anthologist can be perceived in that perspective as a link between two literary cultures, and also as an initiator of changes and an independent creator who develops, in his own language and on his own conditions, a certain new Polish canon of Russian poetry

Artur Rega: „Omul în lumea simbolurilor. Antropologia filozofică a lui Mircea Eliade”

Author(s): Magdalena FILARY / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The Polish exegesis of Mircea Eliade's work has grown after 1989 through monographs and studies devoted entirely to hermeneutics that the historian and phenomenologist of religions imposes on the sciences dealing with the study of sacredness, of religious phenomena and related symbolism. The book Man in the Symbol World. Philosophical Anthropology of Mircea Eliade by Artur Rega is among them.

Cultura tradiţională imaterială românească din Bistriţa-Năsăud, vo. II, Sărbătorile ciclului social şi calendaristic sau Munci şi zile în Ţinutul Bistriţei şi Năsăudului

Author(s): Dana-Maria RUS / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Alcătuit dintr-un număr consistent de pagini, volumul de faţă prezintă, într-o manieră amănunţită, aspecte din cultura imaterială a populaţiei din judeţul BistriţaNăsăud de-a lungul secolului XX. Aşa după cum bine remarca profesorul Vasile Dâncu în prezentarea de pe coperta 2 a cărţii, volumul se diferenţiază de alte lucrări de gen prin scopul pentru care a fost scris, şi anume acela de ,,a oferi societăţii şi omului modern o alternativă la pierderea sensului, la uitarea de sine sau la crizele identitare’’. Spaţiul investigat de cei doi autori este bine delimitat chiar din titlu: Ţinutul Bistriţei şi Ţinutul Năsăudului, locuri familiare autorilor care au copilărit şi au crescut în zonă.

Dominik Chechelski, Cycerona i Jana Pawła II myślenie o starości, seria: Horyzonty dogmatu, Kraków: wyd. Scriptum 2017, ss. 221. Print. ISBN 978-83-65432-48-3

Author(s): Dariusz Piasecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 12/2017

Etnologia europeană în jurul anului 1800. Culegeri cu ajutorul corespondenților și al chestionarelor

Author(s): Ion Talos / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 30/2016

Um 1800 richteten Regierungen und wissenschaftliche Gesellschaften ihren Blick auf die Volkskultur (Bräuche, Aberglauben, Lieder, Sagen, Märchen usw.). Es entstand eine neue Wissenschaft - die Ethnologie -, für deren Entwicklung die Korrespondenten viel beigetragen haben, denn sie konnten auf Grund der vom Zentrum verschickten Fragebögen, die notwendigen Informationen aufnehmen und sie den Wissenschaftlern zur Verfügung stellen. Die Anfänge der europäischen Ethnologie stehen also unter dem Zeichen des Sammelns mit Hilfe von Korrespondenten. Vorläufer dieser Methode waren die in die Neue Welt gesandten spanischen Priester (z. B. Bernardino de Sahagún im 16. Jh.), die Informationen aller Art über die eroberten Völker sammeln sollten, und der schwedische König Gustavus Adolphus, der 1630 Antiquaren und Historiker damit beauftragte, Märchen und Sagen sowie Kenntnisse der Volksmedizin und der Wetterkunde der einfachen Menschen aufzunehmen. Auf ähnlicher Weise verfuhren 1798 Napoleon und 1805-1810 Erzherzog Johann von Österreich, die „zum Zwecke einer besseren Regierungstätigkeit”, ein Inventar aller Feld-, Industrie- und Kunstarbeiten, und nicht zuletzt der Bräuche, Aberglauben sowie der Ruinen alter Monumente haben wollten. Société des Observateurs de l’Homme (1799-1804), Académie Celtique (1805) sowie das Grimmsche Projekt Aufsammlung der Volkspoesie (1808, 1810) stellten Fragebögen zusammen, die die Verbesserung der Forschung von Exploratoren im Übersee, bzw. das Kennenlernen der Vergangenheit der Kelten und Deutschen durch die Gegenwart bezweckten.

HOMERSKE HIMNE

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 450/2008

Osim Ilijade i Odiseje, pod Homerovim imenom sačuvan je i zbornik Himni. Najstarije, nama u celini poznate, grčke himne pisane su u heksametrima. Obeležene su, zajedno sa mnogo mlađim pesmama, kao: ΄Ομηρικοι υμνοι – homerske himne i sačuvane su u zborniku koji je, verovatno, nastao tek u doba helenizma.

Intelectualii și istoria

Author(s): Simona Antofi / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2016

The Romanian intellectuals and their political commitment become one central issue in focus of Manea-Kanterian dialogue (before and after 1990). The different situations of intellectuals's position towards the regime (overt or covert political commitment or, on the contrary, total disapproval) are honestly and objectively approached.

Karczmy i zajazdy. Literackie opisy przestrzeni wielokulturowej

Author(s): Andrzej Fabianowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2010

In dem Artikel wird eines der wichtigsten Elemente des (reise)literarischen Nachlasses im XIX. Jahrhundert, nämlich das Wirtshaus, dargestellt. Charakteristisch für die damalige kulturelle Wirklichkeit war die Tatsache, dass diese Gasthäuser von den Vertretern der jüdischen Gemeinde geführt wurden. Diese Situation war ein Ergebnis der im XIX Jahrhundert herrschenden Gesetzgebung, die die Ausübung von anderen Berufen als den des Gastwirtes für Juden verbot. Gasthäuser wurden im multikulturellem Polen und später nach dem Verlust der Unabhängigkeit eine Schnittstelle von Interessen folgender drei ökonomischer Instanzen: der polnischen Gutsbesitzer, der jüdischen Pächter und polnischer Bauern. Bei einer Gelegenheit der ökonomischen Verhältnisse kam es auch zu einem spezifischen kulturellen Austausch. Für den polnischen Bauer war ein Wirtshaus nicht nur eine Anlaufstelle, an der er sich nach aktuellen Informationen erkundigen konnte, sondern auch ein Forum, in dem Wissen über die weite Welt ausgetauscht wurde. Die Bilder der ländlichen, von Juden geführten Wirtshäuser, wurde ein Thema vieler Werke der polnischen Literatur. Folgende Autoren sind zu erwähnen: F. Kowalski, S. K. Potocki, W. Wiącek, E. A. Odyniec, J. I. Kraszewski. Das ländliche Wirtshaus in einer typischen Beschreibung ist meistens ein Ort, an dem die Juden die polnischen Bauern ans Trinken gewöhnen und mit Krediten oder anderen Verpflichtungen abhängig machen. In einem kleineren Ausmaß wird auch eine gute Seite des Charakters und nationaler Eigenschaften der Juden gezeigt. Es wird aber darüber geschwiegen, dass die Juden zur Ausübung von Funktion des Pächters von dem damaligen Recht und polnischen Gutsbesitzern gezwungen wurden.

La Judit Guillaume’a du Bartasa (1574) oraz jej parafraza autorstwa Rafała Leszczyńskiego (po 1620): kształt gatunkowy i konteksty ideologiczne

Author(s): Barbara Marczuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2 (35)/2015

The objective of the article is a comparative analysis of the biblical epic La Judit (1574) by Calvinistic poet Guillaume Salluste Du Bartas and the Polish paraphrase written by Rafał Leszczyński (1620), who was the leader of Polish Protestants in Greater Poland. The current state of research on both poems is very modest: the works were discussed exclusively in introductions to the critical editions cited above. In the present article, the two versions have been compared on three aspects: epic poetics, confessional tinge and references to regicide, which was a contemporary issue in both countries in those times. The French poem is composed of six books and comprises 2,837 lines of 12 syllables each, rhyming AABB. The biblical narration was enriched with numerous allusions to contemporary events as well as digressions on both moral and political issues. It is written in a high style enriched with Homeric comparisons, characters’ speeches, descriptions and erudite catalogues. Leszczyński’s adaptation is shorter than the French original: it is composed of five books comprising 1,640 lines of 13 syllables each, rhyming AABB. This reduction owes to the removal of the digressions and contemporary allusions, without touching the qualities of the epic style.

Literatură populară în cercetările monografice ale Şcolii Sociologice de la Bucureşti

Author(s): Ancu?a MOCAN / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Titlul cărţii prezentate, Literatură populară în cercetările monografice ale Şcolii Sociologice de la Bucureşti - Littérature populaire dans les recherches monographiques de l'École Sociologique de Bucarest, stârneşte la prima lecturare un triplu interes: pentru etnologi, pentru filologii pasionați de ramura folclorului literar și pentru cititorii dornici să descopere texte populare autentice.

Literatură populară în cercetările monografice ale Şcolii Sociologice de la Bucureşti

Author(s): Mihaela Mure?an / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Editarea volumului Ion C. Cazan - „Literatură populară / Littérature populaire / în cercetările monografice ale Şcolii Sociologice de la Bucureşti. I. Nerej-Vrancea” de către Muzeul Satului din Bucureşti, a reprezentat un eveniment extrem de important în cadrul colecţiei de carte etnologică.

Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Cultural Developments

Author(s): Felix Nicolau / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Romulus Bucur is a renowned writer and literary critic. He is also faculty member at Transylvania University of Braşov, institution well-known for its courses of creative writing and translation studies. “Glosses” is a nimbly written theoretical book wherein many topics are analyzed. One of the most important is the work of Alexandru Muşina, editor, writer, professor, and mentor of the Group of Braşov (a fertile contingent of writers still holding sway in Romanian literature).The second part of the volume is dedicated to the Romanian translations from the classical and contemporary Chinese culture. Mention must be made about the semiotic approach to all literary works glossed about.

Max Blecher, a canon of interwar modernity

Author(s): Nicoleta Hristu (Hurmuzache) / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2016

This article aims to trace out the diagram of the insight into Max Blecher’s work, an atypical author and a marginal figure of tragic experience, who succeeds in imposing himself on the Romanian literature through his peculiar and problematic writing, subsequently integrating himself in the canon of the interwar modernity. From the perspective of the critical receptiveness in the diachronic and synchronic sense, there will be highlighted several temporal sequences between 1934 and 2015, in which Blecher’s work is subjected to the value and typological criterion, and there will be made both just, enthusiastic appreciations, and subjective, sometimes controversial and blameable ones. The analytical process will also emphasise the clichés of the author’s receptiveness and the underlying elements that give Blecher’s work two distinct directions: on the one hand, the psychological analysis, the experimental and confessional literature and on the other, the metaphysics through the elements of the absurd, oneiric visionariness and ontological crisis. Thus, the delayed canonisation of this author explains itself through the syncope in the evolution of receptiveness and the arguments that place this author in a totally different cultural context: psychologism, expressionism, surrealism, existentialism.

Motivul Avestiței în demonologia populară românească

Author(s): Petru Adrian Danciu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2018

Our research follows the demonic perspective on Avestiția′s activity and life. Considered today as a demonic character, she is highlighted by an activity defined almost exclusively against the killing of a pregnant woman or a baby, through appearances that cause fright (the disease called samcă) and the disfigurement of the "touched" by the demon. Because her history is unknown, the recent popular tradition has made one, Avestiția being the sister of Saint Sisoe, a murderer of children, and hence the generation of his witchcraft activity, which is why she is punished by her brother and by Archangel Michael. Newer theories claim a Semite origin (Lamashtu and Lilith), but we come with another, a totemic one, generated by the demon's descriptions. Thus, by systematizing the researched elements, we affirm that, starting from a totem (of the bear), dethroned by the masculine cults of Dacia, deity turns into a demon and encounters the demonological semite elements, prior to Christianity in our country. Subsequent intervention of Christianity "corrects" the history of the character, turning her into a legend, when Sisoe and Archangel Michael appear. This final formula is known by Romanian ethnologists. Christian syncretism almost immediately generates the incantations of samcă and the "Book of Avestiția," a charm that reveals the name and the real history of the demon, which aroused the attention of Christian syncretism when attempting to kill baby Jesus, defrauded by Michael. Sacred folk literature describes her as an extremely dangerous being, Satan's right wing.

O CARTE DESPRE GHEORGHE DĂNCUȘ

Author(s): Iordan DATCU / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Activitatea scriitoricească a lui Gheorghe Dăncuş nu este de aflat în volume, singurele pe care le-a publicat fiind volumul Literatura populară. Crestături și crâmpeie (Cluj, 1945, 30 p) şi două antologii: Grai și suflet românesc – Versuri din Transilvania Nordică, pe care o însoţeşte cu un „prolog lămuritor“ (Cluj, 1941, 208 p.) şi Din viaţa satului transilvănean, culegere de povestiri din mai mulţi autori, cu o precuvântare (Cluj, 1942, 240 p.). Pentru ca să-i examineze publicistica în cartea Gheorghe Dăncuş (Editura Enesis, Baia Mare, 2015, 240 p.), Pamfil Bilţiu s-a adresat direct publicaţiilor la care a colaborat cărturarul maramureşean: Gazeta maramureşană, Graiul Maramureşului, pe care Gh. Dăncuş l-a înfiinţat la 1 martie 1932, Crainicul Maramureşului, Acţiunea maramureşeană, Tribuna Ardealului şi Calendarul Tribuna Ardealului. O publicistică bogată (cartea lui Pamfil Bilţiu consemnează 274 de titluri), în care un loc aparte îl constituie articolele despre starea românilor transilvăneni după odiosul dictat de la Viena. Publicistul scrie despre teoriile horthyste referitoare la spaţiul şi locul de formare a poporului român, soarta cărţii şi a bibliotecilor în urma cotropirii horthyste, demască demagogia regimului horthyst în problema minorităţilor, politizarea vieţii culturale după nefastul dictat, combate nerespectarea egalităţii cetăţenilor români cu cei maghiari, cere libera întrebuinţare a limbii materne.

O LUCRARE DE TINEREȚE A LUI ANTON GOLOPENȚIA

Author(s): Iordan DATCU / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Spunem lucrare iar nu carte pentru că autorul ei n-a reuşit s-o încheie şi s-o publice (despre cauzele acestei situaţii a se vedea pp. 43–44 din ediţia pe care o comentăm). Îndreptar pentru tineret a devenit carte în 20l5, ediţia fiind îngrijită de Sanda Golopenţia şi Ruxandra Guţu Pelazza, cu introducere şi note de Sanda Golopenţia (Editura Enciclopedică, 254 p.).