(Bio)grafia textului literar

Author(s): Roxana-Elena Oniga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2017

This study presents the analysis of compositional elements and language of the poem „I do not crush the corolla of wonders of the world” by Lucian Blaga. This poem is based on a philosophical theme – knowledge. „The corolla of wonders” is the universal balance, the measure of beauty, the mystery of life and of death. The following metaphors flowers, eyes, lips, graves capture the poetic creation themes – life/ transitoriness, knowledge, love and death. These metaphors are immagined as the petals of corolla which are intended to shelter the mystery.

1898. 25 години от обесването на Левски: юбилей и преса

Author(s): Elena Getova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.

1926–1940

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2016

The journal Korunk (“Our Age”) celebrates the 90th anniversary of its founding in February this year. One of the oldest Hungarian-language social-scientific/cultural/literary journals of the Carpathian Basin still published today has played an essential role not only within Transylvanian Hungarian literary, scientific and cultural life, but also in the integration of European values into Transylvanian culture. Its founder and editor until 1931 was Dienes László, who, from January 1929, co-edits the journal with Gábor Gaál. The Korunk establishes a new type of journal, aimed at encompassing the whole of modernly differentiated spiritual life, hitherto lacking from Romanian Hungarian culture, which, as “a journal of four countries”, enlists its authors from more countries for almost every issue, even in the issues of the first series, from February 1926 to August 1940. The second series of the Korunk commences in February 1957, under editor-in-chief Ernõ Gáll and managing editor Edgár Balogh. The thematic centre of the journal is defined as the modernisation of its profile and themes and as the rendering of national and ethnic characteristics “between universal coordinates”. However, the ever-increasing censorship sees to it that the initiatives of this second start soon turn grey, and that the journal limits itself to the preservation of forms and to the mere presentation of worldwide cultural life, tolerated by the censors. The second part of the 1960s, with the easing up of the political climate, brings about a new change. This is the beginning of the truly “good period” of the Korunk, due to experimenting with new forms, new editorial conceptions, and, not least, to the exploitation of the possibilities inherent in thematic editing. By this time, the journal has become not only a much needed forum for Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals, but also an institution of consciousness formation and ethnic self-cognizance. Again, after 1984, the year when the repressive characteristics of the political regime start to become increasingly dominant, the possibilities are narrowed down once more. In fact, from now on, the life of the journal limits itself to isolated editorial work. The third series, launched in January 1990, will have Lajos Kántor as editor-in-chief, followed by Imre József Balázs, and then by Gyöngy Kovács Kiss. In its present form, Korunk remains a forum for intellectuals and a mediator of scientific results. On the one hand, it is a blend of Transylvanism and Europeanism – due to the discussion of global and local themes –, on the other hand, it also fulfils the function of a bridge between the segments of Transylvanian and universal Hungarian spiritual life. The fragmentary corpus of this issue presents the virtual, longitudinal, or rather latitudinal, section of a textual archive, its horizontal and vertical approach. And, in this reading, it is also an attempt at a self-reflection of the Korunk at its jubilee.

1957-1989

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2016

The journal Korunk (“Our Age”) celebrates the 90th anniversary of its founding in February this year. One of the oldest Hungarian-language social-scientific/cultural/literary journals of the Carpathian Basin still published today has played an essential role not only within Transylvanian Hungarian literary, scientific and cultural life, but also in the integration of European values into Transylvanian culture. Its founder and editor until 1931 was Dienes László, who, from January 1929, co-edits the journal with Gábor Gaál. The Korunk establishes a new type of journal, aimed at encompassing the whole of modernly differentiated spiritual life, hitherto lacking from Romanian Hungarian culture, which, as “a journal of four countries”, enlists its authors from more countries for almost every issue, even in the issues of the first series, from February 1926 to August 1940. The second series of the Korunk commences in February 1957, under editor-in-chief Ernõ Gáll and managing editor Edgár Balogh. The thematic centre of the journal is defined as the modernisation of its profile and themes and as the rendering of national and ethnic characteristics “between universal coordinates”. However, the ever-increasing censorship sees to it that the initiatives of this second start soon turn grey, and that the journal limits itself to the preservation of forms and to the mere presentation of worldwide cultural life, tolerated by the censors. The second part of the 1960s, with the easing up of the political climate, brings about a new change. This is the beginning of the truly “good period” of the Korunk, due to experimenting with new forms, new editorial conceptions, and, not least, to the exploitation of the possibilities inherent in thematic editing. By this time, the journal has become not only a much needed forum for Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals, but also an institution of consciousness formation and ethnic self-cognizance. Again, after 1984, the year when the repressive characteristics of the political regime start to become increasingly dominant, the possibilities are narrowed down once more. In fact, from now on, the life of the journal limits itself to isolated editorial work. The third series, launched in January 1990, will have Lajos Kántor as editor-in-chief, followed by Imre József Balázs, and then by Gyöngy Kovács Kiss. In its present form, Korunk remains a forum for intellectuals and a mediator of scientific results. On the one hand, it is a blend of Transylvanism and Europeanism – due to the discussion of global and local themes –, on the other hand, it also fulfils the function of a bridge between the segments of Transylvanian and universal Hungarian spiritual life. The fragmentary corpus of this issue presents the virtual, longitudinal, or rather latitudinal, section of a textual archive, its horizontal and vertical approach. And, in this reading, it is also an attempt at a self-reflection of the Korunk at its jubilee.

1990–2015

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2016

The journal Korunk (“Our Age”) celebrates the 90th anniversary of its founding in February this year. One of the oldest Hungarian-language social-scientific/cultural/literary journals of the Carpathian Basin still published today has played an essential role not only within Transylvanian Hungarian literary, scientific and cultural life, but also in the integration of European values into Transylvanian culture. Its founder and editor until 1931 was Dienes László, who, from January 1929, co-edits the journal with Gábor Gaál. The Korunk establishes a new type of journal, aimed at encompassing the whole of modernly differentiated spiritual life, hitherto lacking from Romanian Hungarian culture, which, as “a journal of four countries”, enlists its authors from more countries for almost every issue, even in the issues of the first series, from February 1926 to August 1940. The second series of the Korunk commences in February 1957, under editor-in-chief Ernõ Gáll and managing editor Edgár Balogh. The thematic centre of the journal is defined as the modernisation of its profile and themes and as the rendering of national and ethnic characteristics “between universal coordinates”. However, the ever-increasing censorship sees to it that the initiatives of this second start soon turn grey, and that the journal limits itself to the preservation of forms and to the mere presentation of worldwide cultural life, tolerated by the censors. The second part of the 1960s, with the easing up of the political climate, brings about a new change. This is the beginning of the truly “good period” of the Korunk, due to experimenting with new forms, new editorial conceptions, and, not least, to the exploitation of the possibilities inherent in thematic editing. By this time, the journal has become not only a much needed forum for Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals, but also an institution of consciousness formation and ethnic self-cognizance. Again, after 1984, the year when the repressive characteristics of the political regime start to become increasingly dominant, the possibilities are narrowed down once more. In fact, from now on, the life of the journal limits itself to isolated editorial work. The third series, launched in January 1990, will have Lajos Kántor as editor-in-chief, followed by Imre József Balázs, and then by Gyöngy Kovács Kiss. In its present form, Korunk remains a forum for intellectuals and a mediator of scientific results. On the one hand, it is a blend of Transylvanism and Europeanism – due to the discussion of global and local themes –, on the other hand, it also fulfils the function of a bridge between the segments of Transylvanian and universal Hungarian spiritual life. The fragmentary corpus of this issue presents the virtual, longitudinal, or rather latitudinal, section of a textual archive, its horizontal and vertical approach. And, in this reading, it is also an attempt at a self-reflection of the Korunk at its jubilee.

Adolf Schullerus şi folclorul românesc

Author(s): Gudrun-Liane Ittu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2007

Adolf Schullerus (1864–1928), einer der bedeutendsten sächsischen Gelehrten – Professor, Pfarrer, Lexikograf, Ethnologe und erfolgreicher Politiker – hat sich nicht nur mit der Volkskunde seiner ethnischen Gruppe befasst, sondern auch mit der der Völkerschaften, mit denen die Sachsen zusammenlebten.Gegen Ende seiner Karriere, zum Zeitpunkt als er Senator im rumänischen Parlament war (1919–1926), hat sich Schullerus der Erfassung und Klassifizierung der rumänischen Volksmärchen aus dem gesamten Gebiet Großrumäniens gewidmet, wobei er das vom finnischen Ethnologen Antti Aarne erarbeitete System anwandte (Aarnes Werk war 1910 in Helsinki erschienen). Schullerus Werk erschien erst 1928, nach dem Tod des Verfassers, in Helsinki, unter der Nummer 78 der bekannten Reihe FF Communications, die die Finnische Akademie herausgab, und trägt den Titel „Verzeichnis der rumänischen Märchen und Märchenvarianten. Nach dem System der Märchentypen Antti Aarnes, zusammengestellt von Adolf Schullerus“. Etwa die Hälfte der untersuchten rumänischen Märchen und Märchenvarianten ließen sich den Kategorien des finnischen Systems nicht einordnen, eine Tatsache, die auf den Reichtum und die Vielfalt dieses Genres bei den Rumänen zurückzuführen ist. Aarnes Methode und demnach auch Schullerus´ Werk fanden sowohl Anerkennung bei der Fachwelt, sind jedoch auch wiederholt kritisiert worden. Im Laufe der Zeit mehrfach verbessert, hat die Methode bis zum heutigen Tage überlebt, während das Verzeichnis des Siebenbürgers ein interessantes bibliophiles Werk bleibt. 2006, 78 Jahre nach der Erstausgabe des „Verzeichnisses“, hat I. Oprişan eine rumänische Übersetzung herausgegeben und im Anhang kritische Beiträge der bedeutenden rumänischen Forscher Corneliu Bărbulescu, I. C. Chiţimia und Ovidiu Papadima abgedruckt. Dank dieser Initiative wird Schullerus’ mit viel Mühe verfasstes Werk nicht nur gewürdigt, sondern auch den rumänischen Ethnologen zugänglich gemacht.

Amintiri din povestea unei ţări care şi-a pierdut regele

Author(s): Răzvan Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 07/2020

The article evokes the spiritual profile of King Michael of Romania. He had been crowned with the Steel Crown and anointed king by Patriarch Nicodim Munteanu in the patriarchal cathedral in Bucharest, immediately after his father’s abdication, on September 6, 1940. Out of a noble modesty that clothed his being throughout his life, he never used his right to enter the altar through the royal doors and take the Holy Communion by himself from the altar table. He played an important role in the armed resurrection of August 23, 1944, a historical event confiscated by the communists and presented to the Romanians, on this note, through several plays. One – and that is Titus Popovici’s play “Passacaglia” – is mentioned in the article. After 1989, King Michael made several historical visits to Romania. In 2011 he delivered a memorable speech in the Romanian Parliament, saying among other things: “I do not see today’s Romania as a legacy from our parents, but as a country that we borrowed from our children.” Only when the King left, the country and the nation who lost him were finally grand.

AMY TAN’S „THE VALLEY OF AMAZEMENT”: POSTMODERN SAGA ON TRANSGRESSIVE AMERICAN CHINESENESS

Author(s): Tetiana V. VECHORYNSKA,Odarka O. KRAVCHENKO,Olha Nesterenko / Language(s): English Issue: Supplement/2020

From a broad philological perspective, involving West/East culture, literature, philosophy, history, this paper highlights the mechanisms of literary representation and identity specificity in the interplay of constructed Chinese American images of „the Self” and „the Other” in Amy Tan’s latest novel The Valley of Amazement. The application of imagological methodology opens new vistas in researching Chinese American literature at the different stages of its formation. Imagological approach to the study of Amy Tan’s novel, based on comparative literary analysis, allows revealing the multiple dimensions of Chinese American identity through unveiling such categories as „Chineseness”, „Americanness”, „American Chineseness”, involving cross-cultural intertextuality and narrative intermediality. The emphasis is placed on literary representation of Chinese American images and synthesis of various cultural images and identities in portraying the changing nature of American Chineseness. The research is conducted with reference both to cultural, historical contextualization in the study of Chinese American images as dynamic results of cultural interaction of Chinese and American and in-depth analysis of the image qua image. Cultural globalization that has recently become a topic, much debated in literary circles, has resulted in the creation of a fictional character, unrestricted by ethnic, cultural, and territorial boundaries. This is the main protagonist of The Valley of Amazement, Violet Minturn. Her image has deeply personal, author-related meanings, and the paper investigates another dimension of American Chineseness, from identity resistance to identity transgression.

Aneksja kolektywu czy dyktat wybiórcy? Z zagadnień antologii tłumaczeń (na przykładzie nowych wyborów poezji rosyjskiej)

Author(s): Ewa Goczał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2017

The article attempts to present the comparison of two translator’s achievements: Zbigniew Dmitroca’s Radio Swoboda and Jerzy Czech’s Wdrapałem się na piedestał. The anthologist’s work is considered here as both the act of translation and revelation — joining the translation of literary texts and their compilation in anthologies with scrutinizing the particular writers and literary phenomena as well as the process of translation itself, and introducing a new, transforming quality to the native poetry. A translator-anthologist can be perceived in that perspective as a link between two literary cultures, and also as an initiator of changes and an independent creator who develops, in his own language and on his own conditions, a certain new Polish canon of Russian poetry

Anonimii sau cei fără de care nu se poate

Author(s): Răzvan Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2019

Years ago, the world of theatrical performances was composed of a few dozen people of all ages and social categories who filled the second plane of the stage, having behind them a plethora of unseen but professional craftsmen. All these people dedicated their lives to the theater and remained anonymous. People like them have held on their shoulders the mysterious life of the theaters, which remains mostly unknown to the public. This article is dedicated to them.

Antologie de poezie populară, de Lucian Blaga, în ediție critică

Author(s): Ion Taloş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2020

Der Verfasser des vorliegenden Beitrags besorgte die kritische Ausgabe der von Lucian Blaga herausgegebenen Anthologie der Volksdichtung. Darin überprüfte, ergänzte und berichtigte er alle von Blaga verwendeten Quellen, wies auf Unterschiede zwischen Originalen und den vom Dichter wiedergegebenen Varianten hin, fasste Kommentare von Blaga und anderen Autoren zu verschiedenen Gedichten zusammen und gab auch Varianten jener Gedichte an, die er in Folklore-Publikationen ausfindig machen konnte. Dabei übernahm er deutsche Übertragungen von A. Greive, G. Schüler und Ion Taloș. Im vorliegenden Beitrag extrahierte er aus dieser kritischen Edition drei Beispiele, nämlich die Nr. 2, 87 und 109, aus denen man erahnen kann, wie die geplante Anthologie-Ausgabe aussehen wird, deren Veröffentlichung hoffentlich nicht länger auf sich warten lassen wird.

Antologie jako výzva české literární vědě

Author(s): Jan Malura / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2020

Černý, Václav a Pelán, Jiří. Italská renesanční literatura: antologie. Vydání první. [Praha]: Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelství Karolinum, [2020], ©2020. 2 svazky (456, 804 stran). ISBN 978-80-246-4343-4.

Argument sur la faute

Author(s): Marc Bonnant / Language(s): French Issue: 22/2018

Artur Rega: „Omul în lumea simbolurilor. Antropologia filozofică a lui Mircea Eliade”

Author(s): Magdalena FILARY / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The Polish exegesis of Mircea Eliade's work has grown after 1989 through monographs and studies devoted entirely to hermeneutics that the historian and phenomenologist of religions imposes on the sciences dealing with the study of sacredness, of religious phenomena and related symbolism. The book Man in the Symbol World. Philosophical Anthropology of Mircea Eliade by Artur Rega is among them.

Augustin Cozmuţa – Anul 70 al vieţii mele – Jurnal

Author(s): Ioan Mariş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2018

The article is a chronicle to the diary volume of Augustin Cozmuța, the 70th Year of my life. The diary of the late journalist and literary critic Augustin Cozmuta, posthumously edited by his wife, is revealed to us as a creation with an ideational substance consumed under the imperative of the irreversible passage of time. A painful trauma transpires from the journal as a result of a surgical operation that will mark the author in the last period of his life. This disease, which almost imminently leads to the passage from this world to the eternal one, makes the author lean almost exclusively upon his soul and his struggles.

BEYOND THE HISTORY OF A LITERARY GENRE: THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ROMANAIN MEMORY WRITING

Author(s): Doris Mironescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Beyond the History of a Literary Genre: The Encyclopedia of Romanian Memory Writing. The paper presents the theoretical frame of the research project The Encyclopedia of Romanian Memory Writing, currently being developed at the “A. Philippide” Institute for Romanian Philology. This encyclopedia joins other recent projects, such as literary dictionaries, in an effort to construct an alternative approach to the (national) literary history by subverting the (legitimizing) causal narration. It will include canonical texts, memoirists, various categories of title-articles, but also a set of operative concepts that allow for a definition of memoir-writing starting from the psychological, philosophical and anthropological implications of memory. By indexing literary phenomena in an encyclopedic manner, the textual corpora of Romanian literature may be described and analyzed in a transnational, comparative and interdisciplinary manner.

Cartea în era digitală

Author(s): Ștefan Vasile / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2017

Books have been around for millennia, playing a vital role inhuman civilization as a practical way to code and safeguard knowledge acquired by people who lived long before us. Not only that, but prior to TV and modern-day electronic devices books were a source of entertainment for literate individuals. We as civilized specie owe a lot to books and it would be pity to abandon them in the wake of the digitally interactive world that is shaping before our eyes. Although paper books have a certain appeal for the purist who enjoys the pleasure of turning pages with the tip of the fingers, one must not be afraid of digital books such as e-books or audio books. Ever since transitioning from writing and drawing on cave walls and rocks to writing on leaves and animal skins, books have evolved as well. The same way as ancient Egyptian books written on papyrus or Western European medieval books hand written on lamb skins bear little resemblance to current books printed on paper, modern e-books or digital audio books are just different avatars of knowledge safekeeping through books.Just think that a humble PC or laptop can shelter millions digital books,while it would take a monumental building to shelter and make available that many books in printed version.

Ceļā uz digitālo latviešu teiku rādītāju: priekšvēsture

Author(s): Sandis Laime / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 39/2019

In 2014, the Archives of Latvian Folklore started developing its digital archive, which, among other things, offers an opportunity to develop new digital tools and resources for indexing folk narratives. Since the 1850s, a sizeable legend corpus has been documented in the territory of Latvia, and extensive collections have been published. While initiating the development of a digital index of legends, this article aims to consider the most comprehensive collections and publications as of today, as well to characterise the applied systems of classification and indexes. It was in the 1850s and 1860s when the first calls to write down folktales and legends were published in the press, and when the Latvian folk narratives started attracting wider interest of both Baltic German scholars and emerging Latvian intellectuals. In 1887, Fricis Brīvzemnieks published the first academic collection of folktales and legends, which included 186 texts. In this collection, the folktales and legends were classified by the genre and subject. The majority of the folktales (1863 texts) and legends (3254 texts) collected in the 19th century was published in the seven-volume edition “Latvian Legends and Folktales” (1891–1903, 2001) edited by Anss Lerhis-Puškaitis. It was the largest collection of Latvian folklore and one of the most sizeable publications of folk narratives in Europe at that time. In the early 1890s, the popularity of British anthropologist Edward Tylor’s theory of animism was growing. As no particular classification system of legends was approbated in international research circles, Lerhis-Puškaitis developed a unique system of legend classification, which was based on the theory of animism to arrange the voluminous text corpus; however, it fell under criticism in the early 20th century. The largest current publication of Latvian folk narratives (4309 folktales and 3586 legends), “Latvian Folktales and Legends” (1925–1937), was prepared for publishing by Prof. Pēteris Šmits. As for systematisation of folktales, Šmits implemented a state-of-art classification system introduced by Antti Aarne based on the historic-geographic method. Unlike folktales, researchers of legends did not have any internationally applied catalogue of legend types available at the time. Šmits classified the legends into four sections: 1) etiological legends, 2) mythological legends, 3) place legends, and 4) historical legends. The Archives of Latvian Folklore (ALF) was established in 1924 with its main task to collect and archive Latvian folklore, including legends. Along with intense activities of folklore collecting, the ALF was publishing and studying the collected materials, yet no developments toward a legend index were initiated. Having recognised legends as a significant genre for the Soviet ideology, a catalogue was initiated in the 1950s by Herta Vaita (the card index of legends). In the early 1960s Alma Ancelāne engaged in the research and classification of legends, and this also concurred with the discussion activated by the International Society for Folk Narrative Research regarding the development of an international catalogue of legends, which indirectly affected Ancelāne’s work. The card index of legends, which was completed after almost 30 years, covers nearly all of the material held in the ALF, some 57,000 texts. The material was primarily divided into etiological, mythological, and historical legends, whereas a more detailed subdivision was created grouping the legends into several sub-levels based on motifs, types, and occasionally by the themes included therein. Although Ancelāne’s card index greatly helps in orientating oneself to the collection of legends held in the ALF, it can hardly be considered as a fully completed index of motifs or types of Latvian legends. After WWII, Latvian émigrés also contributed to the classification of legends. In 1981, Lena Neuland published “Motif-Index of Latvian Folktales and Legends”, which followed the pattern of “Motif-Index of Folk Literature” by Stith Thompson using both Thompson’s names and numbers of the motifs. In 2014, the digital archive of ALF, garamantas.lv, began providing options for the development of new digital tools and resources in the research of folk narratives. Much has been accomplished in the field of legend research by now, yet there is still much to be done. A sizeable number of legends have been collected, and a large portion of them has been published, but this material has not been compiled in a single data corpus. A motif-index of Latvian legends has been developed which is accessible to the international community of legend researchers, but the material it covers equals less than 5% of the entire text corpus. Likewise, a type-index of Latvian legends should also be developed. In addition, an equally wide selection of Latvian legends should be published in English. By developing a mapping tool, the digital archive would allow for the visualization of the geographical distribution of each motif and type. There are plenty of plans and intents to implement. The first impressions gained from an implementation of those will be addressed in a separate article.

Colonialism in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: An Analytical Approach

Author(s): Hassan Mariwan N.,Karim Gullan,Nigar Hassan,Rezhin Ahmed / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

This paper studies Things Fall Apart via adopting an analytical approach that sheds light on colonialism that has different phases for African countries. They explore the land and finally give excuses for colonizing it. Through analyzing the incidents of the novel the negative role of the colonizer will be demonstrated which is obvious in causing psychological problems for the colonized people of Africa. The paper also illustrates Achebe’s purpose in writing Things Fall Apart as a critique of the British, who colonized African people. His upset about colonialism is demonstrated, which ruined the core of his society, and the novelist wants to make all the people, especially Africans and British aware of the history of African people and their agonies.

Confesiunile literaților bărbați: Liana Cozea, Patru critici literari. Jurnale și memorii

Author(s): Florica Bodistean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2019