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Receptarea Istoriei Imperiului Otoman de Dimitrie Cantemir la maghiari

Author(s): Grigore Ploeşteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

The author of the study talks at its beginning briefly at the European fame of the scholar D. Cantemir (1673-1723) and of his work, The History of the Ottoman Empire and mentions praises which the former ruler of Moldavia and his work enjoyed in the circle of Hungarian historians and scholars.In the context of the interest shown for the knowledge of the Ottoman history D. Cantemir´s book was bought by important Hungarian men and institutions from the 18th century.Concentrating his research on the analysis of the first work published in Hungarian about the Ottoman Empire, the Osmanography of Samuel Decsi, using the method of comparing the texts, the author reveals that the Hungarian reprezentative of Enlinghtement took numerous information from the work of D. Cantemir which influenced his overall vision of the history of the Turks.

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Contribuţii la istoria cărţii religioase

Author(s): Florica-Elisabeta NUȚIU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

At the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century on romanian territories, we are able to observe an intensification of translation and printing activities concerning the religious books. In 1747 a new Romanian printing house is founded – at Blaj – and o lot of important religious books are printed there: Arhieraticon (printed by Grigore Maior in 1777), Biblia (translated by Samuil Micu in 1795) which is considered as „the Bible of all Romanians, personal religion being unimportant”; it will be reprint for three times during the 19th century – 1819 at Sankt Petersburg, between 1854-1856 at Buzău and finally at Sibiu, between 1856-1858. This book is also known as Biblia lui Samuil Micu and represents a significant monument of written Romanian culture during centuries.Some other important books are the so-called Arhieraticon. The oldest one is Slujebnicul mitropolitului Ştefan al Ungrovlahiei, written in three different languages (Romanian, Greek and Slavonic) and it remained as a manuscript. The oldest Arhieraticon, written only in Romanian, is the one copied by Axinte Uricariul in 1705. Another Arhieraticon is realized in Transylvania by Inochentie Micu-Klein. It has established the main features of Transylvanian Arhieraticon, that divides the religious service in four groups.Another book is printed by Grigore Maior, the bishop, in 1777; an Arhieraticon is kept at the Academy’s Library, as a manuscript and the most extensive one – 120 pages – bellongs to the bishop Ion Craioveanu. All these books represent real monuments of Romanian culture and language; they had a prominent part in Romanian language formation.

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Muzeul bisericesc din Sărmaş: Cartea veche românească – arma românilor ardeleni

Author(s): Elena Mihu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

The religious museum from Sărmaş was opened in 15th of August 1997 and it contains a lot of ancient books and icons. Unfortunatelly, in June 2002 some of those „jewells” have been stolen, only some of them being recovered. However, it stores a lot of national goods which are very important for our culture.Haşdeu used to say that the book was the most important weapon of Transylvanian people, the sword and the gun being on the second place. Indeed, the book was the only way of keping the ancient traditions, ancient culture and, more than that, for keeping the national language. Romanian ancient books could be found during centuries in almost all churches; they were used as base for religious services, but also as textbooks for priests.The diffusion of books was encouraged by the heads of orthodox church and by voivodes. With their moral and financial support, a lot of religious books have been published and send in almost all places. More than that, they succeded sometimes in convincing the young priests to buy at least a book for their personal use.The inscriptions from the books are very interesting; in almost all cases we find out who has sold the book, who bought it and why, and the price. More than that, we may fiind informations about the book has traveled through. Sometimes, those inscriptions give us informations about the priests that own them or even about the curses, who’s purpose was to prevent the books loss or disappearance.

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Nicolae Sulică cercetător al cărţilor vechi româneşti

Author(s): Melinte ȘERBAN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

Nicolae Sulică is one of the Romanian scholars who’s activity comes to a head in the first part of the 20th century. He was a very educated man (he spoke Greek, Latin, German, French, Hungarian, Slavonic) and his interest was not only in anncient books, but also in romanian culture and literature.At his arrival in Târgu Mureş, in 1921, he brings a large library and a very important collection of ancient books. He will make some researches upon the ancient books that could be found in Târgu Mureş and wrote many studies / articles on this matter.His interest in cultural and spiritual life of Romanians from Szeckler territories is obvious in a large number of studies and articles. He considers that „there was a Romanian cultural atmosphere” and the Romanian ancient books were very well received in this area. However, this culturalisation was closely connected to Romanian churches and monasteries and their activity. According to his researches, the major part of the books found in Szeckler territories were published at Sibiu. It is also known that the Romanian provinces used to provide the necessary books for Transylvania and their supply stopped when the Transylvanian printing houses were able to get through.

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Cartea românească veche tipărită în Transilvania, existentă în judeţul Olt

Author(s): Paul MATIU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

A long period of study concerning ancient books printed in Transylvania has been finished; today, we are able to offer definite information about those copies that can be found in Olt county.The oldest copies from this county are those printed at Blaj: Evanghelia (1776), Octoih (1783), Molitvenic (1784), Octoihul cel Mic (1792 – three copies with inscriptions).A lot of books were printed at Blaj, Braşov and Sibiu after 1800 – Triod (1800, 7 copies), Apostolul de la Blaj (1802), Strastnic (Blaj, 1804 – can be found in 10 copies), Penticostar (Sibiu, 1805 – 3 copies), Psaltirea lui Ioan Bart (Sibiu, 1805), Evanghelia (Sibiu, 1806), Penticostar (Sibiu, 1808 – 12 copies), Triod (Blaj, 1808), Molitvenic (Braşov, 1811) etc.Their importance consist on the information they offer concerning local events – earthquakes, floods etc – through the inscriptions. Ancient books printed in Transylvania can be found everywhere in Olt county, although the north side is better supplied. According to official statistics, there are 111 copies of books printed in Transylvanian printing houses from Blaj, Braşov and Sibiu; that means 13% of the patrimonial books category.

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Biblioteci documentare ale Arhivelor Naţionale

Author(s): Liviu Boar / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

The object of this study is to present some of the documentary libraries of the National Archives. These libraries are not public, they are in a closed circuit, therefore the books they contain can only be studied by the researchers that are also studying the documents found in the National Archives. Their intent is to complete the information contained in the archives.The present study has been drawn-up based on the answers to a questionnaire that was sent to a number of County Archives.The oldest documentary libraries of the National Archives contain both Romanian and foreign ancient books. The oldest Romanian book preserved in the documentary libraries of the National Archives dates from the year 1561.

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Lumina lină a cărţii - 120 de ani de lectură publică 1882-2002

Author(s): Cornelia Viziteu,Olga-Lia ROMANOVSCHI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

In the second half of the 19th century, Th. Boian, one of the most generous mayors of Botoşani, laid the foundations of a new cultural center – a public library. Its birth certificate dates from 18 of March 1882. Officially, it was opened only in November.Its history was a very difficult one; it often changed buildings, the collections being moved all the time from one place to another.In 1943 it was considered to be one of the most important and largest librairies from the north side of Moldova. In 1974 it became „County Library” and 8 years later, in 1982, received the name „Mihai Eminescu.”A very important source of enrichment of its collections is represented by donations. Today, it has more than 500.000 biblioteconomical units. More than that, „Mihai Eminescu” proves to be a modern library, properly organized and determined to rise the cultural life of Botoşani at the highest standards.

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Pagini din istoria bibliotecilor reghinene

Author(s): Marin Șara / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

Reghin is considered to be one of the significant cultural centers of Transylvania. Its traditions concerning the librairies begins in the 18th century – a reading hall is mentioned in 1778.In the first half of the 19th century many librairies were founded in Reghin and by the end of the century they become better organized and enriched.A very important part of this movement of culturalization and librairy foundation is played by different societies or organizations, such as: The Society of Romanian Artisans from Reghin, Hungarian Reading Society, German Reading Society etc.In 1886 was created Biblioteca Despărţământului Reghin al Astrei and this is considered to be one of the most important moments of Reghin cultural evolution.During the 19th and 20th century, we may find in Reghin all types of librairies: school librairies, public librairies, specialized librairies etc. More than that, there are some proposals concerning the organization of a central public library for all those interested in reading.Today, the librairies at Reghin are properly organized and supplied and represent a very important part of tfe town’s cultural life.

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Comunitatea locală şi biblioteca publică: repere asupra bibliotecilor comunale din judeţul Teleorman

Author(s): Maria NEDELEA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

After a short historical presentation, concerning the regional libraries from Teleorman and their present state of things, we have to admit that there are some problems the regional libraries are dealing with: places, the acquisition of books, the relationship with the local administration and community, personnel and its professional training, the organization of library and its activity – information, the creation of methodic centers, the organization of profesional discussions / meetings, giving information to public, the spreading activities of library and diffusion of books, the conection with mass-media.

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„Cartea de aur”- act de identitate culturală a Bibliotecii Judeţene Mureş

Author(s): Monica Marilena Avram / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

The Golden Book is one of the most important documents that confirms the well-done activity in a cultural institution, such as a library.The Golden Book of Mureş County Library collected, during almost nine decades of existence, the signatures of famous personalities from different branches of culture, science, politics, music etc. At the beginning, The Golden Book served the entire Cultural Palace at the town, which was built in 1913, and that contained: a library, a historical and archaeological museum, a music school etc.During decades, the messages became more and more consistent and referred to the cultural activities that took place in the library, to the various types of books that could be find there, to the devotedness of all the librarians concerning their work. The testimonies ofered by The Golden Book are completed by ancient newspapers, which give us information about the presence in our town of some very important persons, such as: the royal family (1922, 1924, 1926, 1931), Nicolae Iorga (1922), Vasile Pârvan (1925), George Enescu (seven concerts between 1923-1938), Octavian Goga (1932), Dan Simionescu (1956), Mircea Dinescu, Antonie Plămădeală, the metropolitan bishop of Transylvania (1991), Ştefan Pascu (1993) etc.

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Clasificarea în interesul cititorilor

Author(s): Costachi Agache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

There were some rules that have been used at „G.T. Kirileanu”Library – Neamţ during the organization process: • The term / subject is written in an inarticulately form, singular number; exceptions: some collocations ( ex. Public Finances, Communications etc).• Homonyms will be avoided; using parenthesis, we will be able to give more informations about the domain of activity our subject bellongs to. Ex. computer (structure), computer (to create programs), computer (virus).• Concerning synonimy, the problems will be solved by using specific terms, such as „see”, that will send us to some related terms / subjects. Ex. FoxPro see Visual FoxPro In the same time, TINLIB – a professional computer program – allows us to enrich the list of keywords, along with the inseration of new bibliographical recordings.The database of „G.T. Kirileanu” Library is properly organized in this moment. It is used by a lot of readers and their number is growing permanently.

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Estimarea nivelului lecturii publice în judeţul Mureş 1997-2001.

Author(s): Mircea Vasile POPESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

The activity of a library may be appreciated by the quality of its services offered to the public and by the impact of these services upon readers. Inspite of the economical difficulties, libraries seem to be going through a benefic period; that is because of the informational development, the presence of computers in libraries, the use of informational computer programmes in librairies.There are some principles, according to which we might appreciate the activity of a library and, maybe, the most important is the relation between input (the resources that enter the library, the revenues) and output (the result, based on those resources).In order to estimate the activity of public libraries from the Mureş County, we had used some standards printed forms that required information on collections, aquisitions, the way of organizing the public services etc.Using the number of the inhabitants as a criterium, public libraries may be devided into 5 groups: the first group is represented by small villages with no more than 1000 inhabitants and the last group – towns with more than 10000 inhabitants. Each group deals with specific problems, such as: lack of editorial novelties, unspecialiazed personnel, apathy of the readers and, unfortunatelly, the lack of interest of local authorities.

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Imperative de viitor în biblioteconomia românească

Author(s): Anca Maria Sîrghie / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

L’évolution des sciences du livre à l’aube d’un nouveau siècle, lorsqu’on vit à l’époque de l’information ou l’„ère Marconi”, exige une inscription dans le cadre de la troisième révolution de la communication interhumaine. L’étude s’évertue à mettre en valeur les perspectives de l’informatisation dans les bibliothèques de différents types de Roumanie, ainsi que l’évolution marquée par l’école de bibliothéconomie nationale, sans ignorer la période d’hiatus des décennies socialistes, à laquelle s’ensuivirent les accumulations actuelles, soutenues par les cours enseignés dans les collèges et les facultés de profil.On définit le statut du bibliothécaire-documentaliste, lequel est censé, vu les conditions des impératifs spirituels de nos jours, observer une formation continue/remise à niveau spéciale, non seulement dans le domaine du savoir, mais également dans celui de l’informatique.

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Omul de ştiinţă între Bibliotecă şi Internet

Author(s): Aşgian Berdj / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

A scientist has to be all the time in close connection with the new scientifical researches. Before 1989, romanian scientists could hardly get those informations because of the political conditions from our country. Today, they are able to fiind the informations they need on Internet or in specialized librairies.Internet is a global informations network created in 1985 as a necessity of USA Departement of Defence; in a short time, it became a „civilian” necessity and in less than 2 decades it covered the whole world.The advantages are significant: the informations can be found and printed in a short time; acces to all informations, all over the world etc. There are also some disadvantages: radiations, unpleasant position, „hidden” informations for the people that do not know how to use the computer etc.The library continues to be an institution of culture, an institution that provides informations. Some librairies use informational technologies and they prove to be very practical.There is no answer to the question concerning the priority of Library or Internet. Nothing compares to the pleasure of touching, reading and admiring a perfect book; in the same way, nothing compares to the pleasure of finding informations in a short time, even from your own house, using your own computer.Anyway, all scientists should have a personal computer to help them in their work.

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Mijloace de comunicare - evoluţii şi implicaţii culturale şi sociale

Author(s): Cristina CĂTANĂ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

We are living in a world of changes; those changes are based, first of all, on the technologically and scientifically evolution. The main responsable for this evolution is the computer, a machine that helps people to face the future. But the most important technological event is the Internet.Today’s society is based on Internet because of the facilities it offers concerning distance communications, electronic trade etc. It rises above all the other means of communications used until nowadays. With its use, we are able to create – in a virtual place – a virtual library, a virtual gallery of art, virtual music etc.By the use of Internet, traditional reading may be radically transformed; the book looses its materialism and become virtual information. It is the electronic book (e-book) and its importance will rise constantly. The advantages of e-book are significant: lower prices of acquisition, shorter time for publishing, smaller place to deposit etc.

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Aspecte ale teoriei comunicării

Author(s): Liliana Moldovan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2003

Beginning with the last decades of the 20th century, we are able to observe a continuous proliferation of all the theories connected with the large domain of communicational sciences. In order to clarify the content of this quite new domain, a lot of scholars – linguists, sociologists, philosophers, psychologists – tried and succeded in building interesting theories on this matter. Among them Shanon, Derrida, Ricoeur, Jakobson, Sartre, Heidegger and Umberto Ecco tried to give us genuine definitions of the process of human communications and also to emphasize the best conditions of a more eficient communications. As a result of these analyses they have stated the communication theory as the best way of explaining the relationships and communication between people.We consider that the most important aspect of this process of communication is the quality of information. We must understand communication as a special way of social interaction, as a personal expression that emphasize the relation between transmitter and receiver, because a process like this involves individuals or groups who have to concentrate upon the spreading of information. More than that, the researchers consider that communication between at least two speakers involves many conditions: the use of a common language; communicational experience; the existence of favourable conditions.

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Circulaţia fondului de carte la secţia de Împrumut carte pentru adulţi – Ştiinţe socio-umane – Un studiu asupra intereselor de lectură ale utilizatorilor în perioada iulie 1998 - iulie 2003

Author(s): Adriana Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2003

In order to satisfy the reading interest of people, the librarians must know and be familiar with the library collections and, on the other hand, with the public preferences.That is exactly the aspect this study refers to. It analisses 8504 booklibrary cards that have been completed and collected at Socio-HumanisticSection in the period July 1998 – July 2003. The simple analysses of these bookcards give us some informations about:-the circulation of library collections;-public reading preferences;-the proportion between the so-called „pleasure-reading” and„compulsory-reading”;-the capacity of our collections to satisfy the public preferences.We have to mention that this study can also be applied to the other sections of our library; it can have periodicity and it can be a very important instrument for aquisition service.

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Soft-uri pentru bibliotecă

Author(s): Melania Suciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2003

Librairies are all over the world in a continuous process oftransformation and development, in order to satisfy the newest demands ofreaders. This passing from the traditional to modern library - that reffers tothe use of computers, Internet, e-books, data bases instead of classicalcatalogues – is no longer a dream, but a reality. And where it does not exist, wehave to build it.It is obvious that the use of computers and some other electronic meanshad completelly changed the structure of the librairies; they becameinformational centers for local communities, a public service of information,an important instrument of education. They play an active role in everyday lifebecause of their dynamic structure, their capacity of being adapted to usualproblems, and because they administrate a huge amount of informations.The use of computers implied some changes in librairies’ organizationand one of the most important refers to the necessity of having specializedprogrammes.TINLIB programme, created by IME-Romania, was launched on themarket in a very favourable moment, because no other computer programmewas ready to be used. But it prouved to be a good one; also a convertible oneinto some other systems because of the international standard Z 39.50. it canuse.Today, there are many programmes for librairies and we have to mentionall those from the large MARC familly – MARC, UNIMARC, USMARC,UKMARC – and the newest ALICE. But they all have some other commoncharacteristics: the use of ISBD rules; the structure on a few modulus:Cataloguing, Circulation, Aquisitions, Serial publications, Reports.

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Cartea electronică

Author(s): Alexandru TCACIUC / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2003

In the last years, we may observe the tendency of E-book, not necessaryto replace, but to complete traditional paper book. Book is transforming froma palpable object into an amount of informations that take a shape only in thevery moment of reading. From this moment, the reader does not read, butexplores; he does not learn, but finds out everything he wants to know byusing his computer’ s links.So, book is changing its definition: it is no longer that piece of paper thatcontains some informations, but the informations themselves.There are a lot of advantages that convince us about the importance ofE-book. Among them, we may mention the possibility of adding images andanimation, diagrams, tables etc. in order to improve the informations’ quality.E-book has the quality of being interactive and while reading it, we mayconnect ourselves to other files.E-book may be protected by a password and represents the best way ofon-line promoting, because it can be accesed by thousands of readers in thesame time. It can be freely accesed, by using Internet, or be paid at aninsignificant price.E-book may be copied in as numerous copies as we need; theinformation it contains are never degraded and we regularly accese the bestvariant, because the content is always brought up-to-date.Probably one of the most important advantage of E-book refers to theminimal costs it implies. We do no longer use paper, so we protect woods; wedo no longer have to make a certain number of copies from the begining andthan keep them on the shelves; we may replace the most valuable ancientbooks by their electronic copies; and, more than that, we may be sure that theinformation is quikly put into circulation.

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Ion Chinezu şi Gândul său Românesc – în lumina dedicaţiilor păstrate la Biblioteca Judeţeană Mureş

Author(s): Monica Marilena Avram / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2003

Ion Chinezu is today known as one of the most complex characters of our literature. He was, in the same time, critic, literary historian, translator, a guide for young writers and review fonder.He was born at Sântana de Mureş in 1894 and being too fragile for physical work, his parents decided to let him learn. He will learn at the University of Budapesta, then at the University of Bucharest and will finish his studies at Cluj-Napoca. He will lay the foundations of the most important literary publication from Transylvania Gând Românesc and will co-ordinate its activity during its existence (1933-1940).His intention was to promote the young writers; that is why he was considered to be a support for them and it is him that they owe their careers.Chinezu’s personal library is today part of Mureş County Library’s collections. There are 847 books offered by his widow wife Petronela at the beginning of the 80’s. We chose 45 of them because of the special dedications they have.It is well-known that the relation between Chinezu and his fellow labourers was not only a professional one. There were some famous friendly relationships, emphasized by the dedications we could find. We could divide them into many types; friendly dedications, such as those offered by E. Popa, N. Creţu, N. Georgescu-Tistu, M.D. Ioanid, I. Lupaş. Many of them are dedicated to Chinezu-the scholar; V. Bârna, G. Bugarin, T. Herseni, G. Drăgan and many others appreciated Ion Chinezu as being a „distinguished writer” or „enterteiner of Transylvanian cultural life”.

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