Италианските архитекти и инженери и строителното дело в България от Освобождението до Първата световна война

Author(s): Aleksandar Kostov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The author chose to write this article because of the two parallel problems that took place in the end of the Nineteenth century and the beginning of the Twentieth. One of the problems was related with the migration of labor from Italy to Bulgaria and the other problem was concerned with foundation of state system in Bulgaria and the modernization of the country. This thematic is concerned with the mass migration and the individual one as well. The purpose of this article is to give the count of the Italians specialists that were working in the construction sphere in Bulgaria and whether they were with Italian origin or their origin had been lost in the generations of their families.

За библиотеката към текето на Саляхеддин баба, построено от Осман Пазвантоглу във Видин (исторически реалии)

Author(s): Svetlana Ivanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In this paper a hypothesis has been discussed that during a certain period of time at the beginning of 19th century at the tekke of Salaheddin baba (which turbe has been built by the famous Osman Pazvantoglu in the town of Vidin in 1801), there was a book collection or a library. This case study has been examined in the context of several topics: 1) the history of the town of "Islam serhad" Vidin; 2) Osman Pazvantoglu and his family; 3) Osman's activity in the field of Islamic charity and his building works; 4) the cult of Muslim Martyrs, precisely of "late" sehids, and the image of sehid Salaheddin/Salatin baba, killed in the battle when the Austrians besieged the Vidin castle in 1689; the tekke is mentioned in documents as a tekke, baba hanegah, zaviye, dergah and financially was supported in the 19th century by the vakf of Osman Pazvantoglu; according to the Muslim' folklore from Vidin his turbe became a worship place and Salaheddin was honoured as a healer; 5) the library of Osman Pazvantoglu; 6) Data found in the Catalogue of the Osman Pazvantoglu's Library from 1837 and in a manuscript from the same library, support the hypothesis of the existence of a book collection or a library in the tekke of Salaheddin baba, the books of the tekke have been moved to the public library of Pazvantoglu probably before 1837. The collection consisted of 30 manuscripts, 11 of which were described in the section "Sufizm, moral and sermon" of the Catalogue from 1837.

Идеята за създаване на исляхханетата и тяхната мрежа през 60-тр - 70-те години на XIX век

Author(s): Margarita Dobreva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Throughout the 15th-18th centuries the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire paid significant attention to the orphans' and poor children's relief. However, none of the Sultan's subjects set up an orphanage. The children in need were raised as fosterlings. Many extramartial infants were abandoned. If the abandoned children survived until 4 years of age, they entered the gangs. From 1839 onward the Ottoman officials considered the socialization of the orphans, pauper children and delinquents as an essential state affair. As early as 1860s they endeavored to set up industrial or reform schools. The paper of the author focuses on the very idea to establish such schools and casta light on their network in the Ottoman Empire. It summarizes the hypotheses for their origin; the available information about some West European models of social assistance for the children in need; the Ottoman initiative to train orphans, pauper children and delinquents; the role of Midhat Pasha; the origin of the term "islahhane"; the mutual rhetoric and rules of the Belgian and Ottoman reform schools. It advances the suggestion that the islahhanes or the industrial schools embodied the Ottoman attempt effecitvely to manage the periodically increasing number of the children in need. Perhaps the initiative combined the "domestic" model of the Catholic boarding schools, this one of the reform schools run by the Belgian government and the religious imperative for the orphans' and pauper children's socialization. While serving as a provincial governor, in 1863-1866 Midhat Pasha sought to carry out the actual state attempt. From 1867-1868 onward the project was developed by other provincial governors, as well.

САЩ, 1865: Робството е мъртво! Да живее робството!

Author(s): Simeon Simeonov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study focuses on the problem of 'master-slave' relations in Modern Times. Analysing the ideology of slave ownership in the United States, the author puts forward the arguments about the continuity of the 'master' attitude in the conditions of the liberal democratic West.

Идеята за славянско единство във възгледите и дейността на Стефан Савов Бобчев

Author(s): Dimitar Sazdov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Stefan S. Dobchev was a noted Bulgarian public figure, scholar and statesman. Even in his early years he established contacts with the Russian Slavic societies. At the end of the 19-th century and the beginning of the 20-th century, when the blocks in the future world war were formed, he became an active participant in the movement for unity of Slav peoples. The idea was that they should not be placed in a confronting position in the world military conflict that that was forming. Stefan Bobchev was one of the active organizers of the Slavic associations of the intelligentsia and other such estates. Stefan Bobchev stood out as an active organizer and political figure in the field of the struggle for Slavic unity. Until the end of his life, he remained a firm believer in the unity of Slav peoples.

Възникване и развитие на македонските бежански културно-просветни и благотворителни братства в България (1878-1951)

Author(s): Stoyan Raychevski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Macedonian charity, cultural and educational fraternities in Bulgaria were established by the refugees from Macedonia who came to this country after Kresna-Razlog Uprising in 1878, the Illinden (St. Elijah's Day) Uprising in 1903, the Second Balkan War in 1913 and World War I. They originated on a purely fraternity basis with the aim of charity work, mutual support and preservation of family roots. The number of fraternities established by the refugees grew with their number in Bulgaria, running parallel to and enrichment of the forms of organization: clubs emerged, ephorie (boards of trustees), cooperatives, cultural and educational scocieties, orphanages, including banks such as the Macedonian Cooperative Bank and the Macedonian Popular Bank, and the Macedonian Research Institute among others. At the beginning of May 1934 there were about 540 Macedonian refugee structures established all acros Bulgaria with 50634 regularly reported members. The activity of the Macedonian fraternities was officially terminated with Decree № 130 of 1951 of the Presidium of the National Assembly. A special circular letter of the Ministry of Justice was issued whereby the company cases of the refugee organization were transferred to the regional and district courts where single-member panels presided. The decree of the Presidium transferred the entire property of the Macedonian charity fraternities and other Macedonian organisations to the newly-established Gotse Delchev Society in Sofia.

Македонският въпрос, югославизмът, османският патриотизъм и модерната антропология

Author(s): Ivan Nikolov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Civilizational accumulations, the deformations of various nature and the need to rationalize them give rise to contradictory opinions about identical processes and events. Several Balkan authors are presented, as well as their views and methods and models they use. The Croatian DubravkaUgrešić and her painful nostalgia for the disintegrated Yugoslavia in 'The culture of Lies'; Turkish historian Fikret Adanir with his work on the Macedonian Question 'Die makedonische Frage. Ihre Enstehung und Endwicklung bis 1909', in which the leitmotif of the study is the principle of the Ottoman 'milliyet' system; as well as the book of Greek author Anastasia Karakasidou 'Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia, 1870-1990', first published in the United States. It speaks of the Bulgarians in Aegean Macedonia, as well as the fate of the Macedonian citizen Vladimir Paunovski and his report revealing the ideology of Yugoslavism and Titovism, which generated Macedonism and the Macedonian language. The paper also reveals the connection between their views and their attitude towards the doctrinal framework of Benedict Anderson's fundamental for modern anthropology work, 'Imagined Communities'.

Das Нежит-Amulett von Кърджали und die rekontruktion seines Textes

Author(s): Ulrich Schweier / Language(s): Bulgarian,German Publication Year: 0

In the past years a lot of lead amulets have been found in Bulgaria and some of them enchantments on them against Nejit, who are believed to be a humanoid spirit in the folklore. The oldest amulet found is dated from 10-11th century. This paper is focused on an amulet that has been found recently near the town of Kyrdjali. The uniqueness of this amulet is that a mix of cyrillic and glagolic letters have been written on it. Two copies of the text exist that were analysed and described once by German and second time by Bulgarian linguists. The interval between the two examinations was 10 years. In this article a comparison between the Bulgarian and the German reconstruction of the text is being made as the two texts are evaluated in the context of the newest information.

Политически брифинг № 55 на CSD: Конкурентоспособността на българската икономика 2015

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

In 2015 Bulgaria has regained one position compared to the previous year in the economic competitiveness ranking of the World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY), published by the Institute for Management Development (IMD). The country is ranked 55th out of 61 economies. This is only a marginal improvement and remains significantly lower compared to its highest achievement in 2009 – 38th place. The ranking highlights two particular commonalities among the best ranking countries. Firstly, nine countries from the top 10 are also listed in the top 10 of the business efficiency factor. And secondly, all top positions are occupied by economies which are driven by innovation-based growth. In the policy brief the Center for the Study of Democracy provides the following recommendations for increasing the competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy: • Tackle high level corruption and state capture; • Modernize public administration and strengthen independent regulators; • Adopt education for innovation-based growth; • Tackle energy poverty, energy intensity and supply dependency; • Improve the country’s branding.

1898. 25 години от обесването на Левски: юбилей и преса

Author(s): Elena Getova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.

Държавническото иконизиране на Васил Левски в британската преса в периода 1867 – 1908 година

Author(s): Rumyana Zlatanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines for the first time the initial reception of Vasil Levski’s image and significance in the British daily and weekly press in the period 1867 – 1908. Commencing with a curious case of the first appearance of his name in the British press, the paper focusses further on press contributions reporting on a series of Bulgarian state ceremonies and commemorative events that, on the one hand, function as rituals of state iconisation of the Bulgarian national hero Vasil Levski and, on the other hand, exploit his high status for political purposes. In its final part the paper presents the first critical voices in the British press against the political instrumentalisation of Vasil Levski’s image in Bulgaria.

Левски, клирът и християнството – възможният дискурс

Author(s): Goran Blagoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The essay attempts to juxtapose and analyze the divergent and often contradictory stories accompanying Vasil Kunchev’s path into and out of monasticism, his subsequent religiosity, and his Christian consciousness. It outlines the image of a man experiencing doubts and inner conflicts but preserving his faith. His letters and proclamations clearly reveal how the knowledge of Christianity he had received and his life of faith shaped his revolutionary philosophy.

WHAT ABOUT THE WOMEN? Understanding and Addressing the Problem of ISIS Female Recruitment in the Western Balkans

Author(s): Eric Mietz / Language(s): English

This policy paper aims to bring attention to an oft-neglected security problem in the Western Balkans: women being recruited by—and migrating to—the Islamic State. In many ways, female recruits, both from the Western Balkans and other regions, are attracted to the Islamic State for the exact same reasons as men, yet the roles of women in the Islamic State and the messaging the group uses to lure women to migrate to Syria and Iraq are sufficiently different to warrant a gender-based perspective in countering violent extremism (CVE) policymaking. The Islamic State and ways to defeat it dominate current media headlines and policy discussions, but as propaganda continues to attract women, strategies to topple the Islamic State will require equal attention to both male and female recruits in order to be successful. The first part of the paper looks at the numbers of women leaving from the Western Balkans to Islamic State-held territory, the profiles of women who migrate, and the roles they take on in the Islamic State. To explain why women are influenced to migrate, the second part examines the “push” and “pull” factors of Islamic State recruitment. The last part focuses on the efforts of Western Balkans governments to criminalize participation in or support of the Islamic State and the disadvantages of relying solely on this policy.

JOURNALISTS AS DEFENDANTS: SLAPP LAWSUITS AS AN OVERTURE INTO EXHAUSTION: THE CASE OF THE KRIK NEWSROOM

Author(s): Vesna Radojević / Language(s): English

The Masks Have Slipped: Serbia in a Geopolitical Pandemic

Author(s): Marko Drajić,Maja Bjeloš,Isidora Stakić / Language(s): English

A bad film might include such features as unconvincing actors, a predictable plot, forced lines, unnecessarily explicit love scenes and a nonsensical ending. In which case Serbia’s foreign policy during the state of emergency, declared in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, looks like a multiple winner of the Golden Raspberry award. Maladjusted to the new circumstances, she remained silent when she should have spoken out, spoke the wrong lines at the wrong moments, stammered and overacted only to come to the expected unhappy end – on bad terms with her most important international partners and in a firm embrace with those who are unpredictable.

Tvoja prava, tvoja odgovornost

Author(s): Slobodanka Dekić,Hana Ćopić / Language(s): Bosnian

Pretpostavljamo, a neki od nas su se i uvjerili, da sva ta ljudska prava i zakoni postoje samo na papiru. Zapravo, kada se nađemo u problemu, ništa od propisanog i potpisanog se ne primjenjuje, ili slučaj traje toliko dugo da i zaboravimo šta se desilo. Ili, nemamo nikakav problem. Niko me ne dira – ne piše mi na čelu da li sam lezbejka, gej ili biseksualna osoba. U vezi sam, vodim ‘’normalan’’ život. Imam posao, krug prijatelja i prijateljica, putujemo, izlazimo. Nema potrebe da cijeli svijet zna s kim spavam, kako se osjećam i koga volim.

Endangered heritage. Polish cultural goods in Ukraine and Belarus

Author(s): Wojciech Konończuk / Language(s): English

As a result of the changes of borders in the 20th century, a large proportion of Poland’s cultural heritage found itself on the territory of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. Over the centuries, many cultural goods were created on the erstwhile eastern territories of Poland which the contemporary Polish state, like the other two countries, considers part of its national heritage. This consists mainly of architectural and artistic monuments, archives, libraries and cemeteries. It is difficult to determine in detail how much of the Polish cultural heritage created before 1945 remained in Belarus and Ukraine, but certainly without it, the history of Polish culture and knowledge about it cannot be complete. In fact, no other countries in the world (except Lithuania) are as important to the Polish cultural heritage as Ukraine and Belarus.This report gives a comprehensive overview of issues related to Polish cultural goods in Belarus and Ukraine. It discusses the significance of the cultural assets located within the territories of these two countries in the context of preserving the heritage of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, while also presenting the state of their preservation and how it is perceived by the respective authorities and societies. The publication also contains an analysis of Poland's activities towards Polish cultural goods in Belarus and Ukraine over the past three decades and a discussion of issues related to cataloguing cultural assets, the extent of financial commitment to their restoration, as well as the organisation of the Polish public institutions responsible for the activity in this field. The final part of the report includes recommendations concerning some possible solutions and potential directions of policy that Poland could try to implement in the subsequent years.

Frustration and hope. Slovakia after Kuciak's murder

Author(s): Jakub Groszkowski,Krzysztof Dębiec / Language(s): English

Slovakia is going through a period of important social and economic changes. The murder of the investigative journalist Ján Kuciak in February 2018 activated a significant part of the public, which led to the largest anti-government protests in the country since 1989. Their immediate result was the resignation of the long-standing social-democratic Prime Minister Robert Fico. The rise in public dissatisfaction at the rule of the elites bore fruit in victory for the political novice Zuzana Čaputová in the presidential elections. However, the public’s dissatisfaction with politics has also been expressed in a rise in popularity for radical forces, including Marian Kotleba, which are working to remove Slovakia from the EU and NATO. The changes on the Slovak political scene will most likely culminate in the parliamentary elections planned for spring 2020, in which the leftist-nationalist ruling camp will face off against the right-liberal opposition and the anti-system radicals. Therefore, although Slovakia is enjoying good economic figures at the moment, it is currently facing the risk of serious political turbulence.

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ: ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ БЕЛАРУСИ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО

Author(s): Anna Pobol / Language(s): Belarusian

This study assesses the current degree of integration of Belarus into the world scientific and technological space based on the analysis of aggregated statistical data, primary patent data, review of analytical materials and interviews with experts. The author studied the institutional conditions and forms of international cooperation in the innovation sphere at the level of companies, organizations and the state; an assessment of the intensity of international flows of resources (in the form of patents) and results (technologies, high-tech and knowledge-intensive goods and services) of the innovation process was carried out; Barriers to Belarus' entry into the world scientific and technical space are discussed and suggestions are given to eliminate some of them.