Anxious City: The Fears and Apprehensions of Citizens and Tourists in Modern Urban Areas

Author(s): Bożena Kilian / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In today’s world numerous dangers seem to threaten human lives. Modern society is claimed to be fearful and anxious, hence it is exposed to perils that are neither comprehensive nor controllable. Both global and local threats, such as economic crises, unprecedented technological advancement, terrorism or climate change and the increasing instability in the job market, crime or otherness influence everyday existence of modern man, who becomes increasingly apprehensive. The persistent atmosphere of fear is additionally nourished and sustained by the ubiquitous message presented by the media, which selectively focus on the negative broadcast. Modern cities, which are now perceived as a location where otherness is to be rather feared than praised and cultivated, are believed to be places which encapsulate almost all contemporary fears. First and foremost, they are scenes where the fear of crime takes its toll. Not only does it shape the structure of the city, as it leads to the establishment of the so-called gated communities, occupying closed and guarded estates, but primarily the relationships among different formal and informal social groups existing within the city. Feared are those of different race, religion, nationality, social status, gender, and even age. Being other, feared are also those coming to cities as tourists. In the face of the fact that city tourism is on the increase one could suspect that this is entirely safe and entertaining pastime; however, the analysis of urban tourism leaves no doubt that it also brings certain dose of fear and anxiety. The article aims at presenting various fears and anxieties experienced within urban area by both tourists and citizens.

Between Architecture and Cultural Studies: Reflections on the Constitution and Devaluation of Urban Public Spaces

Author(s): Andrzej Bełdowski,Tomasz Burzyński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This interdisciplinary paper aims to outline the role of architecture in the societal construction and devaluation of civic public spaces from the perspectives of theoretical architecture, cultural studies, and theory of culture. When perceived in the context of the agency/structure duality, urban public spaces could be seen as societal constructs whose character and identity can be traced to the holistic organisation of architectural forms within a given locale. At the same time, the deflation in the quality of public spaces may be explained by making references to mutually reinforcing processes of spatial commodification and symbolic violence which are both exercised by implanting pure, self-explicable architectural forms into well-entrenched urban spaces.

Comparative Analysis of Public Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkish Cities of Ankara and Hatay

Author(s): Güneş Gökgöz,Alexa Arena,Cansu Aydin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Out of 2.8 million Syrian refugees in Turkey, about 10% of these people reside in 22 refugee camps situated within Turkish cities (AFAD, 2013; UNHCR, 2016; Sirkeci, 2017). The remainder of the Syrian refugee population in Turkey lives in urban areas amongst the local population. Major cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, as well as the cities located on the Turkish-Syrian border such as Gaziantep and Hatay, host the highest numbers of refugees (Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM), 2016). Consequently, Syrian refugees are highly visible in most of the Turkish cities where they reside.

O czym (nie) opowiadają polsko-niemieckie miejsca pamięci

Author(s): Robert Traba,Hans-Henning Hahn / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Robert Traba / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

SimCity: Where the City Ends

Author(s): Michał Kłosiński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Левски във фотографскoто ателие на Карол Поп Де Сатмари

Author(s): Grigor Grigorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This text и an analysis of the photo of Vasil Levski in a hussar uniform from 1869, which was taken in Bucharest in the photo studio of Carol Popp de Szathmari, who was a famous Hungarian painter and photographer working in Romania. The text includes the rich biography of Szathmari, as a painter, traveler and the first photographer in Bucharest and the first military photographer in the world. There и also a brief summary of the specifics of the portrait photography in the XIX century. The text also concentrates on the fact that the uniform and the weapon did not belong to Levski himself, but were a property of the photo studio. The Analysis of the photo includes the position of the model – a standing man, the uniform, the accessories and the interior. Another main topic of the text и the message of the photo, and the way it would had been seen in the XIX century. There и also an analogy with other portraits taken from the same photographer and in the same studio, one of which и the photo of the Romanian king, Alexandru Ion Cuza, who also has a portrait of himself in a hussar uniform.

Васил Левски – портретът

Author(s): Nikolay Chernokozhev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The text describes the use of Vassil Levski‘s portrait in the first episode “Guests” of the comic “The Unexplained” by the magazine “Rainbow” (1979).

Slavenska komponenta kulturnog identiteta Bošnjaka u književnosti osmanskog perioda – između afekcije i afirmacije

Author(s): Ibnel Ramić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Bosniak literature in Ottoman period testifies to the case of how socio historical circumstances, which¸determined existence of Bosniaks as nation during the period of more than four centuries, did not cause¸cultural de-identification or ethnic assimilation of islamicized Slavs into the Orient. The sense of Slavic ethnicity remained present during the entire rule of Ottoman empire, which created and maintained¸specific, indigenous, Slavic-Islamic identity of Bosnian Muslims – Bosniaks.¸However, it should be emphasized that the affirmation process of the Slavic component of Bosniak¸identity in Ottoman period was not the result of organized strategy or prepared national or cultural¸program, but more instinctive, affective reaction to the socio-historical circumstances of national¸survival. Concrete activities in reference to the aformentioned process, started at the time of Austro-¸Hungarian occupation with Mehmed-beg Kapetanovic Ljubusak who was the first amongst Bosniak¸authors to separate ethnic and religious identity.

Pitanje identiteta

Author(s): Enes Pašalić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Rarely inspiring book, Vedad Spahić’s: “Literature and Identity” presents us with determinants of the Bosniak identity, contained in the Bosniak and Bosnian literary narrative. Spahić’s kaleidoscopic display of literary narratives about Bosniak identity ranges from orientalist stereotypes of Islam, secularism and proletarian internationalism over nationalism, traumatic experiences of war destruction, victimization and self-victimization, to nomadism, globalization and the ontological and gnosiological relativism, which always raise the following questions: What do the Bosniaks know about themselves?; What should the Bosniaks do?; What may they hope for?; all of which can be summarized into a single question: Who are the Bosniaks? The fundamental question of every social collectivity, the question of identity, requires theoretical and categorical determination that Hegel placed in the second volume of his Logic. This categorical determination, which serves as our guideline, teaches about the “substance”, “essence” or “being”. The question of identity is a matter of “reflection-in-self “, an attitude towards self, not as a direct comparison but as a reflexive relationship. “Reflection in self” is a process of self-determination, but every determination does not constitute an identity. The very process of determination, or self-determination, is expressed as a narrative. Only essential definition allows identity: that which is the same in all different manifestations. Having identity means to be able to appear in different forms, but in a way that no form of appearance exhausts the nature of thing or its identity. Omnis determinatio est negatio. Every determination presupposes difference. We cannot talk about identity, without talking about (presupposing) difference. If we say that the Bosniaks are Muslims, then this determination assumes its difference, the non-Muslims: Christians, Jews. This difference (relation) between Muslims and non-Muslims must be overcome by the means of negation or mutual recognition. We interpret ourselves in relation to others, as others interpret us in relation to themselves. Only in this relation of identity and difference, i.e. by overcoming the difference, new forms of sociability as the basis or reason for existence of individual identity, are being established. Historical practice shows that religious, national and state determinants of Bosniaks, produce differences in relation to the Serbs and Croats, which cannot be overcome by mutual recognition at a higher level of sociability. The fundamental societal form that constitutes the Bosniak identity established by essential determinants, especially Islam which is a subject of nationalization attempts, is expressed as a pre-modern religious or confessional community unable to complete national and political emancipation of the Bosniaks. The relation between reality (identity of Bosnsiaks) and art can manifest itself in different forms. Essentially, art either represents reality of things – depicting phenomenon as it is, depicting it’s “surface”, or it succeeds in depicting the essence of things, by manifesting “that which is present in an absent”, thus bringing out the essence, or identity, of the reality it presents.

Социална справедливост и върховенство на правото

Author(s): Denitsa Topchiyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article analyses the main theoretical models of social justice in contemporary society. The aim of the research is to reach conclusions on the conceptual and functional relationship between the modern concept of the rule of law and social justice.

Entrepreneurial Activity in Slovakia: Selected Regional Aspects and the Role of Governmental Environment

Author(s): Ondřej Dvouletý,Anna Pilková,Juraj Mikuš,Miroslava Rimská / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main aim of our study was to contribute to this increasing body of the regional entrepreneurship literature by a better understanding of the regional entrepreneurial activity in Slovakia as an example of post-communist economy. Design/methodology/approach: We exploit the existing measures of entrepreneurship from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, and we explore the inter-regional differences in the levels of entrepreneurial activity among eight Slovak NUTS 3 regions during years 2011-2015. We also employ the multivariate regression models and empirically investigate the relationship between the business environment and entrepreneurial activity in Slovakia. Findings: The average engagement in entrepreneurship in Slovakia was during the analysed period 16-18% of the economically active population depending on the measure used. The results of multivariate regression models have shown that the overall improvement of the general business environment positively influences the levels of entrepreneurship in Slovakia. Research/practical implications: We believe that such an observation may serve as an encouragement for the further efforts invested in improving business conditions for the established and new Slovak entrepreneurs. We also encourage future researchers to study further other location factors of entrepreneurial activity such as cultural, logistic and socioeconomic variables. Future research might also address the role of entrepreneurial infrastructure and public entrepreneurship and SME policies. Originality/value: The presented study empirically contributes to the body of knowledge on the regional entrepreneurship and the conducted approach towards quantification of the entrepreneurial activity might serve as an inspiration for other scholars.

Organizacje pozarządowe po wstąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Piotr Staszczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Przystąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej wywarło znaczący wpływ na funkcjonowanie organizacji pozarządowych oraz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. W przeważającej mierze są to zjawiska pozytywne, można jednak zauważyć także pewne aspekty negatywne – m.in. „upublicznienie” organizacji pozarządowych czy „efekt sponsora”. Niestety, zagadnienia te są niezmiernie rzadko przedmiotem analizy zarówno w polskiej, jak i w zagranicznej literaturze przedmiotu. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie tego problemu w sposób możliwie najbardziej syntetyczny i próba odpowiedzi na pytania, jaki realny wpływ na proces ustawodawczy w UE mają polskie organizacje pozarządowe, w jaki sposób polski trzeci sektor wydatkuje środki z funduszy unijnych, jak UE sprzyja inicjatywom ponadnarodowym w ramach trzeciego sektora, jakie są negatywne konsekwencje przystąpienia do UE dla polskich NGO. Opracowanie skupia się na próbie analizy powyższych zagadnień, a odpowiedzi stanowią kolejne punkty pracy. Taka systematyka ma swoje uzasadnienie – analiza przechodzi od szczebla „najwyższego” – współpracy w ramach instytucjonalnych UE – do „najniższego”, czyli codziennego działania organizacji pozarządowych w ramach ich zadań statutowych. Artykuł ma charakter prawno-politologiczny i skupia się przede wszystkim na podejściu syntetycznym, podsumowując najważniejsze opracowana piśmiennictwa. Implikuje to jednocześnie charakter przedstawionego opracowania. Praca zawiera jednak także informacje oparte na badaniach empirycznych przedstawianych w badaniach naukowych. Szczególną rolę w przygotowaniu niniejszego opracowania miały artykuły z kwartalnika „Trzeci Sektor” oraz niezmiernie cenne i bogate w informacje raporty stowarzyszenia Klon Jawor. Zaproponowany wybór bibliografii powoduje jednocześnie konieczność zastosowania metody naukowej analizy i krytyki literatury przedmiotu.

Lobbing

Author(s): Przemysław Deszczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

W pierwszej, teoretycznej części opracowania dokonano konceptualizacji pojęcia lobbingu, a następnie omówiono modele i rodzaje lobbingu. Druga część, praktyczna, poświęcona została lobbingowi w Polsce, jego instytucjonalizacji i problemom. Tekst zamyka podrozdział o polskich regulacjach prawnych dotyczących działalności lobbingowej, ujętych na tle regulacji obowiązujących w innych krajach.

NATO: spory o finanse, reform ciąg dalszy i rosnące obawy o przyszłość

Author(s): Marek Madej / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the functioning of NATO in 2018. It describes thedeterminants of relations between the allies in this period, especially the impactDonald Trump’s first year as President and growing populist tendencies in Europehave on transatlantic ties. It also discusses the key points of dispute between theallies (e.g. the debates over burden-sharing between NATO members) and assessesthe most important reforms of the Alliance that are meant to increase its operationalreadiness particularly in the context of deterrence and collective defence. NATO’soperational activity was also analyzed as well as the changes in relations with theorganization’s external partners.

Wspólna Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony w 2018 r. - dokąd zmierzają PESCO i EDF?

Author(s): Marcin Terlikowski,Marek Madej / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the evolution and functioning of the Common Security andDefence Policy of the EU in 2018. The authors start with an analysis of externaland internal determinants of cooperation within CSDP, with particular attention tothe impact of transatlantic relations and US approach to the European initiativesas well as of internal tensions in the EU. Then they discuss the implementation ofthe decisions from December 2017 on the initiation of PESCO, which constitutesthe central topic of the paper. The functioning of European Defence Fund is alsoanalyzed, as well as the essence and implications of the French proposal of EuropeanIntervention Initiative (E2I). In the last part of the article, operational engagementof the EU is briefly presented, including a discussion of modifications of CSDPand ways of implementing them, namely Civilian CSDP Compact (CCC), and thedebates over the future of maritime activities of the EU in the Mediterranean. Theauthors conclude with an assessment of the results of the development of PESCOand EDF in the last year and of the perspectives of future cooperation.

Oportunități de facilitare a relaţiilor interpersonale la elevii cu CES

Author(s): Inga Baciu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This article in about encouragement children with special educational needs in the development of interpersonal links with others and overcoming difficulties in interrelations with peers, this fact has allowed to emphasize effective methods, strategies and techniques for coping with difficulties and creating support for constructive interpersonal relationships. The established facts may be implied in the programs on preparation of school psychologists, teachers and for improvement of their professional skills, also in development of methodological instructions on inclusive education, in informative materials for parents, teachers and psychologists.

RISK FACTORS FOR SOCIAL SERVICES MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIAN REGIONS

Author(s): Veselina Lyubomirova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article´s goal is to show some main problems in front of the social care system in Bulgaria, using empirical survey among social services management personal. On that basis, are outlined some risk factors for the quality of management of Bulgarian social services. This conclusion is compared with content analysis of the sector strategies for the Bulgarian districts and current legislation in the sector. The paper shows which management problems do not find solutions in the regional strategies and defines them as a risk for social service system sustainability.

Наставни садржаји који могу угрозити слободу вере

Author(s): Nenad Tupeša / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this paper, the author analyzes the impossibility of coexistence of educational contents that are contradictory to one another. The author tries to point at the problem of opposites that originates in the phenomenon of contemporary existence of religious education as an optional subject in the school system of Republic of Srpska and an attempt to introduce new educational content entitled “Sexual education” as an optional subject in high schools in Serbia. According to the Article 40 of the Law on Churches and Religious Associations, “the right to deliver religious education in civil and private elementary and high schools is guaranteed by the law”, which results from the Article 1 of the same Law (Official Gazette of Republic of Srpska, No. 36/2006). The author wants to point at the danger of introducing the subject “Sexual education” in schools, which is in collision with the aforementioned Law, which may endanger the principal moral values of the traditional Churches and religious associations, as well as to cause a negative critique by the society. The rush toward the European way of integrations, which, in the words of professor Panov, demands the sacrifice of real and original moral values for the sake of the propagated moral suspension, is actually a wrong path that has “Sexual education” or, as they named it in the pilot project, “Reproductive health education” as one of its many small stops.

Регионална конкурентоспособност – психологически, културни и поведенчески аспекти

Author(s): Milena Mihaylova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article is part of a study by the author made in the 2016-2019 year of the Balkan Regional Development Agencies. Regional competitiveness is viewed in terms of psychological, cultural and behavioral aspects. These characteristics are specific to each territorial community and have a significant impact on economic processes and hence on the competitiveness of the region. The article presents the individual elements of the community culture of the territory, each element being defined individually in view of its importance as a factor for competitiveness. The author has used in his article the ideas of a number of authors with significant contributions in the field of psychological, social and cultural studies of the regions. At the end of the article the author has formulated conclusions that can be a starting point for taking into account the influence of psychological and cultural aspects of competitiveness and their incorporation into the policies for effective regional economic development.