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The text is related to the consideration of the anecdote in the Balkans, more specifically with the subject of nationalism, the "own" and the "alien" in the relations between Balkan people. The text itself is a rife with varied anecdotes in the capacity of the quintessence of political, public and everyday Balkan life in all its variety.
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The immigration phenomenon has been recently analysed as a complex process in the context of globalisation and dynamism (e.g. Cohen and Sirkeci: 2011; Sirkeci, 2009; Yazgan, 2016). There are various hypotheses which have been employed to explain the immigration phenomenon, which describes mobility from one location to another. It is observed that these immigration hypotheses have become pluralistic and socio-cultural in nature as opposed to individualistic and economy-centred and that the individual’s choice has come to the forefront. The choice here is a preference made by individuals to increase their income. Immigration is based on a cost-benefit analysis, and it is assumed that it occurs voluntarily and with the free will of the immigrant, based on their own economic concerns. In this new economic hypothesis, it is claimed that massive social units rather than individuals decide to immigrate, not to increase their incomes, but to decrease or mitigate their risks. This hypothesis widens both the subject and purpose of immigration and portrays the immigration decision not as an individual act of the immigrant, but as the common decision of social units or institutions.
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The article revolves around the culture and media and their functions in the first decade of the 21st century. With the development of technology to create and transform image messages the rank of their entertainment and information features rises, while the rank of spiritual and aesthetic functions performed by the images diminishes significantly. Technological development facilitates the creation of images of intangible assets, which increasingly are the result of computer simulations. Unprecedented ease of creating and image processing enables almost anyone to become a creator of the pictorial messages. Thanks to the development of new imaging technologies such as photography, cinema, television, the computer, Internet or virtual reality, we are now dealing with the perception of the world as an image that is created by other images.
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The significance of space/place in the experiences of people is recognized and theorized in the literature, pioneered by Henri Lefebvre (1991). People not only are affected by the place they live in, but also, as active agents, they can create their own place. In this process, spatial clustering, either voluntary or forced, may have an enabling effect both in economic and cultural terms in the former, or create conditions of exclusion and poverty in the latter (Marcuse, 1997). The clustering of rural-to-urban migrants on the peripheries of big cities as they build their gecekondus is well-documented in the Turkish context (e.g. Karpat, 1976; Gökçe, 1993; Erman, 2012), with some attention paid to its gendered outcomes (Erman, 1998). Today we are witnessing a new phenomenon in Turkey, which is about the clustering of people of a different nationality such as Syrian refugees in the slum/gecekondu neighbourhoods of Turkish cities.
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Gender equality or non-discrimination has been recognized in a wide range of binding and none binding international human rights instruments, including declarations and other standards e.g. Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women adopted in 1979 and came into force 3Sept. 1981, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of1965, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights etc. International and national law chiefly regulated discrimination as it relates to gender equality when addressing cases of human rights. Equal treatment of men and women in the workplace around the globe including Nigeria is faced with several challenges. In recent time, women have made progress in the educational sector and despite their educational attainments; they are faced with discrimination at the workplace. The discrimination witnessed by women on a daily basis is not distant from the level of education or access to education as well as culture and religion, which equally regulate rights and duties of women in various backgrounds. This paper addresses human rights as it relates to gender and discrimination by appraising gender impacts on culture and religion, education, and workplace under Nigerian perspective. State party’s obligation under international and or national law in human rights protection under civil and political rights as well as economic social and cultural rights will also be addressed.In conclusion, possible reforms are suggested, which includes adopting national human rights legislation dealing specifically on discrimination in the workplace
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After highlighting the major psycho-physical constituents of human personality a la Vedānta, the paper has focused on (i) the role of mind/brain, individual soul/Universal Soul and individual Self/Cosmic Self on its sustained development & also on (ii) the distinguishing features of the Vedāntic views from those of the Western views.
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Rafał Szczerbakiewicz’s chapter looks at the intriguing aspects of the subtle utopianism of the main trends in classic Hollywood cinema. During the thirties, forties and fifties of the twentieth-century and at the peak of liberal modernity there was an omnipresent yet transparent capitalist paradigm. This was a time in cinema where the theme of utopia was obscure. Utopia, in cinema, was more a symptom of a frame of mind and the background to a social state of awarenesss. Within the supportive or critical portrayals of capitalism, the utopian/dystopian elements were notable signs as to the filmmaker’s attitude. Amongst films, the utopian impulse is merely an understatement. However, there is one film with an overt utopian stance. This film is based on the novel, "Fountainhead" (1949) by King Vidor. It was tranformed into a memorable screen adaptation by the enthusiast and theorist, Ayn Rand. In this surprising constructionist vision, the socio-architectural utopia is explicitly portrayed giving the utopian impulse the direction towards what would, years later, come to be known as individualistic neoliberalism.
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Monika Rawska’s chapter focuses on two modern movies "Equilibrium" (dir. Kurt Wimmer, USA 2002) and "Inception" (dir. Christopher Nolan, USA—Great Britain 2010) with an analysis of the city spaces depicted in these films. Progress is the basis of the analysis. Progress is the impulse pervasive in utopias and it is an important motivator for human actions presently perceived as negative—imperialism, colonialism, racism. Margaret Mead’s notion that Utopia should be seen as a historical category while revealing an essential ambivalence is well summarized in her work, “One man’s dream is another man’s nightmare”. This is also represented in select films depicting a new society with a visual representation of order. For example, in Libria and architect’s city both of which were created with a positive and beneficial premise, though over time they became a burden for the characters. Change in perception of reality is one of the significant elements in dystopian narratives, that are also present in film adaptations, in what Ludmiła Gruszewska-Blaim calls a „utopiacrime”. Libria is depicted as the only city in the world in the film, "Equilibrium". Libria is a dystopian cityfortress contrasted with the surrounding Nether and an appropriated enclave space of Offenders. It functions as a simulacrum of the past at a time before the war. The film vision of the future is an intertextual collage of conventional representations of the totalitarian organization of both space and society. Dream city is the creation of an architect couple in the film, "Inception". It is a very different space, imagined and fictional and it perfectly captures the impossibility of utopia as revealed by its very name that means non-space. Reality, which the couple created for themselves, demonstrates an interesting tension between the architectural utopia and the solitary eutopia as well as a conflict of planner vs. wanderer (as described by Michel de Certeau). In both movies the city space becomes a threat in spite of its projected function as a safe and/or familiar space. In "Equilibrium", it imposes on and disciplines its inhabitants as tools of the state. In Inception, the city is the accumulation of the protagonists’ entire world and it turns unto its own ruin, a memory maze swallowed by the sea.
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Periods of brinkmanship and crisis encourage the rise of apocalyptical thinking in modern society.The second half of the twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of post-apocalyptic fiction, whose authors examined the human condition in the face of extinction. The development of nuclear weapons and the subsequent dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima became of the inspiration of numerous comic book writers to exploit nuclear war anxieties of societies still reeling from the carnage of World War II. Furthermore, comic books became a forum for the presentation of social, political and philosophical discourses. The aim of Wojciech Lewandowski’s chapter is to present, accordingly, an exposition on comics, as media, are capable visionaries of complex philosophical discourses. Another vector is the graphic novel that presents a forum to communicate political ideas without being perceived as a propaganda tool. The presentation of political ideas occurs explicitly in the textual sphere. Furthermore, they can be presented in more sublte ways by the use of symbols that are presented in the visual layer. It is therefore, the capabilities of political discourse that have led me to research the graphic novel, "V for Vendetta". In "V for Vendetta", author’s Alan Moore and David Lloyd, write of a dystopian post-apocalyptic Great Britain. Through the fictional dystopian narrative of the plot one can discern its great potential as a forum of social and political discussion on the contemporary problems of the real-world.
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The study “StratCom laughs. In search of an analytical framework“ is a multidisciplinary effort to design an analytical framework for analysing humour in scenarios where researchers and practitioners find themselves working through large data collections where humour has been used as a potent tool in the construction of messages designed for strategic communication. The research was conducted in four stages.
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Trend of fiscal decentralization, present in the member States of the European Union and countries in transition current in the Republic of Serbia.The first major step in this direction was done by passing a law regulating the financing of local government. The line with the commitment of the Republic of Serbia for EU membership, the question is to what extent is executed harmonization with the EU in this field.Comparing the current legal solutions, it can be concluded that in principle achieved harmonization with the principles contained in the European Charter of Local Self-Government. However, only the alignment with the principles of European law does not automatically providing the goals to be achieved by fiscal decentralization.
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The expansion of reflection on the position of people with disabilities outside of Western culture is of particular importance today. As a result of processes taking place in today’s world, our society is changing ethnically and begins to diversify in terms of culture and religion (migration processes, refugees, etc.). In this sense, it is important to recreate ways of defining disabilities shaped under separate civilizational and cultural conditions so that people with disabilities can receive effective help. The main purpose of this chapter will be to show the perception of disability shaped under the influence of the Muslim religion. Islam regulates all spheres of life of its followers, thus reconstructing the ways of perceiving disability in the Koran and sunnah will allow to show ways in which the followers of this religion define this phenomenon and explain cultural patterns of social reactions to disability.
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