Risk Evaluation of Incremental Innovation in Logistic Information System

Author(s): Adam Sorokač,Luca Rigali / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The portfolio of automation tools with information communication technologies isextensive. We know many tools for their implementation, but insufficient reputation and mistrustin the digitization of production processes inhibit progress in obtaining information aboutmanufacture processes within Industry 4.0. One of the known toll is the implementation ofincremental innovation in logistic information system. Design/methodology/approach: For the implementation of incremental innovation (3I model)have been used this case presented 2 years ago. The incremental interdisciplinary innovation model– 3I model describes the process of introducing automatization tools with ICT into the logisticsinformation system. Each step in the process is analyzed as a risk of nonobservance of the model‘sstep. Follows the minimization of risks and case studies to illustrations procedure. Findings: Risks have been identified in introducing incremental innovations into the logisticsinformation system. Risks were categorized as reversible an irreversible. Research/practical implications: According to the 3I model, a case study model with identifiedrisks of introducing incremental innovations in the construction of buildings and structures wasbriefly formulated. Originality/value: Risk identification leads to the prevention or elimination of this risks. We canpredict the origin only of known risks. If the risk arises, then the risk categorization in the articledetermines whether the risk can be rectified or the innovation process should be interrupted.

Youth Labour Market in Slovakia: From Education to Self-Employment

Author(s): Paulína Stachová,Magdaléna Musilová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to provide an insight into the relation between the educationsystem in Slovakia and position of young people on the labour market after finishing their studies,with special focus on the readiness of young people to start their self-employment. Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on the analysis of secondary data,searching for relationship between the youth unemployment rate and number of self-entrepreneursin the group of young people under 30 years. The reason of the analysis is to find out if self-employment could be interpreted as a solution to the problem of high youth unemployment rate. Findings: There is logical assumption that increase in the self-employment activity of youngpeople is connected with the decrease of their unemployment rate. The correlation analysis forSlovak data proves negative relation between those two. It seems that the exerted effort to prepareand motivate young people to become entrepreneurs has positive effects on the labour market andSlovak economy as a whole. Research/practical implications: The further research is needed, but already from the presentedpartial results could be clearly seen the need for bigger linking of education system with practiceand greater emphasis on acquiring business skills during studies. Originality/value: The paper contains the partial results of the research which contributes to thediscussion of how education system can lead to improvement of the position of young people onthe labour market.

Evaluation of Cluster Policy in Russia. Analysis of Publicly Supported Innovative Territorial Clusters

Author(s): Ekaterina Stepanova,Elizaveta Kolchinskaya / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Today many programs supporting clusters are introduced in Russia and other countries.The purpose of the research is to provide a relevant quantitative study assessing the effectivenessof cluster policy. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the effectiveness of Russia's cluster policy isanalyzed using regression analysis. The survey covers data on 516 Russian enterprises divided intotwo groups: companies from supported clusters and firms that are members of similar but notsupported clusters. To the classical variables of Cobb-Douglas production function (companies’revenue, number of workers, capital of the company) we added cluster program dummy variable.The main question of the research is whether companies in supported clusters operate moreeffectively than other companies. Findings: The analysis provided quite interesting results. It was found that governmental supportwhich was received by 27 innovative clusters didn’t have any effect on the revenue of thecompanies. This means that Russian innovation clusters work equally efficiently, regardless ofwhether they have government support. Research/practical implications: We have not found short-term effects on the enterprisesassociated with the supported clusters. The obtained results indicate that cluster policy conductedfrom 2012 to the present time requires adjustment. In this regard, the authors proposerecommendations on further implementation of cluster policy. Originality/value: We have described the production function of Russian companies which workin the clusters. We have found that there is no significant effect on companies' output fromgovernment supporting of the clusters in Russia. Effectiveness of cluster policy has never beenevaluated empirically before this research.

Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies on Online CSR Communication

Author(s): Richard Szántó / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been changing since its creation.As the concept has been evolving, new definitions were born, and academics and practitioners havechanged their focus over the years. In this paper longitudinal studies dealing with online CSRcommunication are reviewed to explore general tendencies and patterns. Design/methodology/approach: In order to find longitudinal studies on online CSRcommunication within EBSCO Database related papers were sought. In addition, a furtherinvestigation was made with Google Scholar search engine to find more relevant papers aboutonline CSR communication. At the end of the search process, 7 articles were identified. Theselected longitudinal studies together cover a period between 2003 and 2017. Findings: The longitudinal analyses that were selected used similar research methodologies. Allstudies applied a content analysis where researchers were looking for predefined keywords andcategories on corporate websites. Findings suggest, that communicating about CSR activities andprinciples on corporate websites is evident for larger companies in the western world, and it isbecoming the norm in other parts of the world as well. The salience of different CSR topics on thewebsites, however, has been changing, and there are no constant key themes that would have beendominated the online CSR disclosure in the last 15 years. Research/practical implications: By analyzing longitudinal studies researchers and practitionersmay have deeper insights about (online) CSR communication, and they can predict futuretendencies of the field. Originality/value: Although research on internet-based CSR communication is abundant,longitudinal studies are rare. To the best knowledge of the author, this paper presents the firstattempt to perform a comprehensive review of these studies.

Innovations or Modernisation? The Implementation of Agricultural Progress in Individual Farms in the Region of Lower Silesia

Author(s): Barbara Szczepańska,Jacek Szczepański / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This article concerns the implementation of agricultural progress in individual farms. Itsaim is an attempt to answer the question whether the development of Polish individual farms takesplace through absorbing innovations of biological type or through modernisation expressed in thepurchase of new agricultural machinery. Design/methodology/approach: A holistic approach to studying agricultural progress wasapplied. The data comes from quantitative surveys conducted among individual farmerswho manage farms from 5 to 300 ha. 200 structured interviews with farmers were conducted(124 questions). The data analysed comes from surveys conducted in 2013 in Lower Silesia. Findings: The farmers declared that after Poland's accession to the EU, first of all, they madechanges in the field of applied plant protection products, in equipping the machinery park and onlyat the end of changes in the use of new varieties of agricultural plants. There are two ways ofexplaining this state of affairs: 1) The productivity and competitiveness of agriculture is determinedby farms over 20 ha, there are less than 10% of them. In other farms, their owners combine farmwork with commercial work or social sources (The Characteristics of Agricultural Holdings 2010:56). 2) The tractors have been before - but are also today a factor significantly affecting the statusof a good farmer in the rural community. Research/practical implications: The studies have shown little knowledge about biologicalprogress. Farmers do not share about benefits resulting from the application of biologicalinnovations, they do not know that kind of programs. Originality/value: The work presents its author’s own research which is an attempt to analysethe process of implementing agricultural progress in farms.

What are the characteristics of Syrian refugee enterpreneurs in Turkey?

Author(s): Neslihan Gokce Uygur / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of Syrian refugeeentrepreneurs. When the literature is examined it is seen that there is not efficient studies. Theissue of Syrian refugee entrepreneurs is a very young field for this reason Turkish economy,individuals, steakholders, society and new researchers might have benefit from this study. Design/methodology/approach: The participants of the study were Syrian entrepreneursSMEs owners in Turkey. Data were collected from 15 participants by snowball technique in2018. The interview was undertaken by demographic questions and a closed ended format byface to face interview in their business places. During the interviews, the answers were codedand categorized. The research has been made in 4 months. Interviews took approximately30 minutes. The data transcribed to the papers by hand writing. While entrepreneurship hasbeen taken ex post, it bases "risking thing" and seeing it ex ante. Findings: It has been determined that the Syrian refugee entrepreneurs have initiated theformation of business with risk. From the results the authors elaborate Syrian refugeeentrepreneurs faced obstacles in the formation of jobs, but they don’t give up on their desire tostart a business. Research/practical implications: This study reveals several practical applications worthy offuture study. The findings enhance the understanding how Syrian refugee entrepreneurscontributes in their new hosting environment. It might be valuable to further examine whatcharacters of Syrian refugee entrepreneurs have. The study will contribute to local literature. Originality/value: The paper provides evidence of the performance of Syrian refugeeentrepreneurs. The study examines to determine which characteristics of refugees haveincreased entrepreneurial spirit.

Regulatory Conditions for Peer-To-Peer Lending for Small and Medium Businesses

Author(s): Augustinus (Stijn) van der Krogt,Cecilia M. T. López Badano / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This research analyses the importance of the collective financing model known asPeer-to-Peer Lending for Business (PPL-B) for small and medium-sized companies (SMEs). Inparticular it evaluates the impact of the national regulatory framework and the use of alternativecredit risk assessment models applied by PPL-B on the credit access for SMEs. Design/Methodology: This research is based on a multiple case-study and the analysis ofsecondary information resources including 11 academics articles and 7 international researchreports on the topic. The research scope is limited to a 5-year period (2013-2018) and looks atfour referential countries in this sector including the United States, United Kingdom, China andGermany. Findings: PPL-B has become an important alternative source of financing for SMEs in theUSA, UK and China. It furthermore suggests that the country-specific regulatory frameworkapplied to PPL-B has an important impact on its growth and access to it for SMEs in thesecountries. Also, that the use of alternative data sources as applied by PPL-B platforms hasa positive effect on the credit approval rates in the USA and China. Research/practical implications: The paper has direct implications for policymakers who canlearn that SMEs can benefit from PPL-B if governments set up regulatory frameworks cateredspecifically for this sector. The paper informs investors and SMEs that the use of alternativedata sources contributes to higher credit approval rates for SMEs. This research has severallimitations due to the lack of data on the PPL-B sector and its impact on SMEs. To addressthese challenges, future research is to focus on in-depth country-specific studies that compareSMEs’ credit access through traditional banking institutions and PPL-B platforms. Originality/value: This research responds to current lack of multiple-country studies thatanalyse the key factors to effective credit access for SMEs through PPL-B.

Data Stewardship Leadership Impact on Vertical Integration in Governance Program

Author(s): Milomir Vojvodic,Christian Hitz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The study examines the impact of data stewardship leadership on vertical integrationin data governance programs. There is an ongoing challenge of insufficient involvement ofbusiness users in data governance workflows and vertically integrate stakeholders froma systems level and functions level. This impacts the success of the program. Design/methodology/approach: To test the hypotheses, a quantitative method with StructuralEquation Modelling and Partial Least Squares (PLS) in SmartPLS is used. The empirical dataare collected from 56 data management professionals involved in recent General DataProtection Regulation projects associated with customers’ data in larger organizations acrossEurope. The data collection took place during December 2018. Findings: Research findings show that there is an effect of Data Stewardship Leadership onVertical Integration. Research/practical implications: Effective data governance provides a means to obtain utilityfrom controlled data use, which is crucial in the data economy underway. In order to providevalues to traditional information management, governance demands success with itsmechanisms for involvement and alignment with business stakeholders. Originality/value: This work attempts to contribute to filling the gap in the scientific body ofknowledge on data governance with empirical evidence of organizational practice needed forsuccessful implementation of the program.

Analysis of Companies Operating in the Construction Industry in the Czech Republic Based on Kohonen Networks – Identification of Leaders in the Field

Author(s): Jaromír Vrbka,Petr Šuleř,Jakub Horák / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Construction industry is a very important part of a national economy. Naturally, insuch a field a large number of business entities operate. Each of these entities has to measureits financial stability and to predict the future development. Design/methodology/approach: Within analysis, leaders in the field of construction industryare identified. For the purpose of the analysis, data entries of the financial statements obtainedfrom 12,584 companies operating in Czech construction industry in 2016. Using Kohonennetworks, cluster analysis is carried out. Findings: It can be stated that a relatively small group of companies strongly influences theconstruction industry development and thus the development of the entire national economy.The identified group of leaders of the construction industry consists of 59 companies out ofa total of 12,584. This represents 0.47% of all companies that were active in the sector duringthe 2016. Research/practical implications: A relatively small group of companies has a very highimpact on the development of the construction industry, we can say that this group has a majorimpact on the development of the entire national economy. Based on the result, we can deducethat the future development of the construction industry can be predicted based on the resultsof 59 enterprises. We should, for example, verify whether the representation of companies inindividual clusters will change over time. Originality/value: This contribution aims to analyse the entire construction industry in theCzech Republic using a modern innovative method, artificial intelligence – Kohonen networks.Leaders of the industry were identified. As a predictive tool, the analysis of 59 enterprises isvery positive. What is negative, however, is that the fluctuations in outputs (caused bywhichever reason) may result in a fluctuation in the entire branch of the national economy.

CSR of the City-Forming Enterprises of Nuclear Industry in Russian Monocities

Author(s): Ekaterina Zaitseva,Galina Alekseevna Bannykh,Svetlana Kostina,Vladimir Zapariy / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the atomic industryenterprises of the Russian Federation on the development of single-industry towns as part ofthe implementation of corporate social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach: In this article, the authors rely on the provisions of theconcept of corporate social responsibility and the concept of "single-industry cities". The studyinvolves the use of methods for the thematic analysis of theoretical and regulatory documents,as well as a method for analyzing statistical data on the implementation of certain areas ofcorporate social responsibility of the city-forming enterprises of the Rosatom state corporation.The article uses data on 20 mono-cities in which the city-forming enterprises of the nuclearindustry of the Russian Federation are located. Findings: The authors conclude that the construction of atomic industry enterprises in theterritory of the Russian Federation was often associated with the formation. A specific featureof these single-industry towns is their closed nature due to the strategic or defensive nature ofthese enterprises, for example, nuclear power plants. These enterprises remain for single-industry towns the only large business and, accordingly, a source of local budget revenues, aswell as jobs. Rosatom has a single CSR policy for all enterprises. At the same time, each city-forming enterprise takes part in the life of single-industry towns in accordance with local needs. Research/practical implications: We have considered how a social infrastructure is beingcreated, the development of the territory and its human potential is taking place thanks to theactivities of the town-forming enterprises of the nuclear industry. Originality/value: The article makes a scientific contribution to the study of the role of city-forming enterprises in the single-industry towns of the Russian Federation.

Prospects of Development of Innovation Clusters. A Case of Russia

Author(s): Ekaterina Zaitseva,Galina Alekseevna Bannykh,Svetlana Kostina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main research objective is the analysis of the features and prospects of thedevelopment of innovation clusters in Russia with the participation of universities. Design/methodology/approach: Case study is the main method to allow the authors to analysedevelopment of innovation clusters in Russia from the role of universities in it point of view(concept of triple helix). Analysis of regulatory documents allowed to determine the legal modelof interaction between participants of innovative clusters, analysis of statistical data – to revealthe effectiveness of their functioning. Findings: The creation of innovation clusters is not a universal mechanism for raising the levelof a country's global competitiveness and should occur only with strict control by the state andthe mandatory participation of universities, only in those industries and regions where thecreation of a cluster may be appropriate. However, only tough measures of state support for thedevelopment of clusters are not enough; a transition to a catalytic model of cluster policy isnecessary. Research/practical implications: Most of the innovation clusters in Russia are formed „fromabove“, they lack the “need from below” and real regionalization and municipalization. Fortriple helix model it is necessary to solve problems related to increasing the possibilities of civicinteraction, enhancing potential through new formats. Communication of the university withthe business should be real and expressed in specific orders, common projects and even goals. Originality/value: Non-participation of the population, spontaneous formation of humanpotential and the use of universities as a continuation of the vertical of power are features of thesituation in the Russian Federation. Understanding and assessing the role of universities inmodern cluster and innovation policy of Russia is one of the ways to solve the existing problemsof its innovative development.

Explore Entrepreneur's Personal Very First Export Decision Based on Bounded Rationality

Author(s): Yi Zhang,Utz Dornberger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This exploratory research first anatomizes entrepreneur ́s personal very first exportdecision processes. Major export decisions (MEDs) are treated as the basic components of thedecision process. The second step is to find out possible differences between first exportdecisions and subsequent export decisions with respect to the sequence and frequency of MEDs. Design/methodology/approach: We apply an in-depth case study approach. The data ofdecision processes of three entrepreneurs in different industries was collected through semi-structured interviews in 2017 and 2018. We applied a method to support interviewees ́ recallprocesses. Information related to MEDs was extracted to form the process data. We comparedthe sequence and frequency of MEDs in our cases with previous research conclusions. Findings: First, in all cases, there is at least one MED, which was made more than once in thedecision process. Second, none of the interviewed entrepreneurs had made the choice of localrepresentative. Third, although the export-production decision was not treated as MEDs by theprevious study, all interviewed entrepreneurs have expressed its importance. Without it the firstexports could not have been done. Our findings complement previous research conclusions. Research/practical implications: Entrepreneur ́s first export decision is unique. It influencessubsequent internationalization behaviours. Future researches and policymakers should payspecial attention to it. Instead of focusing on a single MED, future studies and export promotionprograms should apply a holistic approach to study and practically support the completedecision process that contains many MEDs, so that decision-makers can carry the exportprocess through to the end. Future scholarly works are needed to explore the cognitive processof reaching those MEDs in real-life to develop methods to support the decision-making process. Originality/value: The unit of analysis of our study is entrepreneur ́s complete personal firstexport decision process. Based on bounded rationality, it is necessary to study export decisionson the individual level.

Evaluation of Temporal Growth of Russian Cities

Author(s): Inna Manaeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The development of a regional policy framework shifted the topic of the role of cities to the focus of the current scientific and political agenda. The purpose of the article is to analyze the stability of the urban system of Russia using the Zipf's law and assess the growth of Russian cities using the Gibrat’s law. Design/methodology/approach: Zipf’s law, Gibrat’s law were used as methodological tools; the exponential function was estimated using the ordinary least squares method. We used official statistics and archival materials. Findings: For the analyzed period 1897–2014, the value of the Zipf coefficient increased from 0.64 to 1.2. Consequently, the urban system of Russia can be considered as stable, the population is unevenly dispersed in small and medium cities. The process of urban growth over the period 1897-2002 was ambiguous: until 1970, small cities grew faster than large ones, as the population migrated from the village to small cities within the region’s borders. Since 1989, large cities have been growing faster than small ones, since the process of population migration from small to large cities has been taking place. The development of urban systems is influenced by external factors, which makes it possible to manage their sustainable development with the help of political and economic instruments. Research/practical implications: The results will serve as the basis for the formation of political recommendations and allow us to evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of government regulation measures aimed at achieving a balanced and sustainable development of Russia's urban systems and the development of program-design mechanisms for managing urban structures. Originality/value: The analysis used archival census data of the XIX century in Russia. A comparative analysis of demographic dynamics in the context of federal districts for the cities of Russia has not been conducted before; the Gibrat’s law is empirically analyzed using nonparametric methods for the first time and is directly related to the results of estimates of the cities’ size.

ENERGY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES AT UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES

Author(s): Viktoriia Vasiuta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

THE ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC CONCEPT FORMATION OF ENTERPRISE ENERGY SAVING

Author(s): Inna Miniailenko,Volodymyr Byba / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

FORMATION OF ENERGY SAVING POLICY FOR AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES ON THE BASIS OF EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

Author(s): Kseniia Chichulina,Vitaliia Skryl / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

ENERGY-EFFICIENT CHANGES MOTIVATIONAL MECHANISMS FORMATION METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS AT THE ENTERPRISE

Author(s): Svetlana Ivanytska,Anna Ageicheva,Tetiana Halaida / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ефикасност законодавног поступка

Author(s): Marijana Pajvančić,Slobodan Orlović,Nataša Rajić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The status of the parliament as a real political decision-making body is relativised in the modern world according to the general context of relations which exist between the political authorities in the parliamentary system. The parliamentary majority, by which is the government formed, is the same majority which adopts the government’s proposals of the bill. Exclusive position of the government as an authorized initiator and the operation of parliamentary committees don’t make the work of the parliament in plenary sessions, in effect, a central stage of the legislative process and the actual basis of decision-making process. Does it increase the efficiency of the legislative process in terms of faster and higher quality of work or does the speed of the procedure lower its quality? There is no doubt that the answer is going in the positive direction, if you look at the organizational and procedural safeguards that stand in the account of parliamentary committees and government, but the deficiencies which exist in this sense do not allow a clear and unambiguous conclusion. This paper also analyzed forms of direct participation of the citizen, as the original holders of sovereignty, in the legislative process and its effects on the efficacy of the procedure.

Сукоб интереса

Author(s): Predrag Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Conflict of interest (incompatibility) is a complex social phenomenon that can manifest itself in different forms. Conflict of interest presupposes the existence of different interests that are conflicting. Realization of a conflict of interest leads to frustration and a miscarriage of another, opposite interest. Conflict of interest in one position or function means that you benefit because you are on second function or position, and vice versa: that second function gives you benefits for first function. Thus, the interests or benefits of individuals, civil servants or officials are evident due to the fact that such persons are in a position that allows them to benefit from them. Here we have two public interests in conflict. However, the legislator speaks of a conflict of interest only in the context of public and private interests. In this sense realization of private interest can endanger and frustrate realization of public interest. However, different interests can conflict: public and private (financial, family, personal, and strangers, etc.) and two public interests between themselves.There are various categorizations of conflicts of interest. There is real and apparent conflict of interest, in which case there is no real conflict; then a current and future conflict of interest that is threatening or potential conflict, which can develop into an existing, ongoing one. Therefore, in order to prevent a conflict civil servant is obliged, from the moment he is appointed to a post, to disclose all information about his financial position, as well as information on activities and functions of members of his or hers family members. Also, there are categories of direct and indirect conflicts of interest.In state legal systems there are legislation and institutions in the form of so-called, independent bodies (Anti-corruption Agency, etc...), responsible for monitoring, identifying and sanctioning an appearance of potential and actual conflicts of interest. The law regulates their competences and procedure in the treatment of specific legal (administrative) issues, as well as the mechanisms of legal protection against their decisions. In this case, it is final judicial protection against acts of individual agencies, so called, administrative proceedings (judicial review of administrative acts) and even a constitutional dispute. Intention of these court procedures is to protect their independence, which can be seriously endangered by political influence in the legislative and executive powers.

За "продуктивното слисване" - обрати, интердисциплинарност и културни изследвания

Author(s): Albena Hranova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper tends to be an exposition of the understanding of the different effects of the different ‘turns’ (linguistic, cultural, historical). They may also look like non-interdisciplinary tendencies; this is also to be seen in their occasionally and often frequently inscribed intention to ultimately ensure that the application of the method projected towards the other discipline will render amorphous, erase and appropriate the boundaries of its specific subject. However, the silhouettes of the disciplinary boundaries are preserved also in the joint forcible effect of the different turns. They manifest their specificities indirectly – through the differences in their targets and the definition of the subjects and methods vis-a-vis which they develop their disciplinary resistances.