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Senior, Youth And Women Entrepreneurship In the European Regions

Author(s): Anna Pilková,Juraj Mikuš,Ján Káčer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The study aims to empirically investigate characteristics of regional distribution ofinclusive entrepreneurship in Europe through the selected less represented segments (seniors, women,youth) and to identify how the selected factors influence the extent to which the underrepresentedgroups are engaged in entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) data(both APS – adult population survey and NES - national expert survey data) and the GDP per capitain PPS. A pooled sample of individual-level APS GEM data of 30 European countries for the periodof 2011 to 2016 was used. The sample is weighted to be representative. K-Means clustering using Hartigan and Wong algorithm was applied to divide countries into clusters based on constructedinclusivity indices of seniors, women and youth. Findings: We have identified four clusters among the studied European countries. Based on theiranalysis in the context of economic and entrepreneurial environment, and individual entrepreneurialcharacteristics, we found that opportunity perception increases with a higher level of the studiedenvironment. A better environment in combination with individual entrepreneurial characteristics,encourage especially seniors to start their businesses, while youth under these circumstances, preferto use employment opportunities. However, youth are more involved in entrepreneurship under weakeconomic and entrepreneurial conditions. Women do not seem to be significantly influenced neitherby economic and entrepreneurial environment nor individual entrepreneurial characteristics. Research/practical implications: Our findings provide information for policy makers. Presentedresults may help to improve the environment, and formulate strategies on inclusive entrepreneurshipand employment policy, which depend on the regional development stage and the level ofentrepreneurial involvement of the selected underrepresented groups. Future research should addressinclusive entrepreneurship further in the context of socioeconomic and cultural variables. Originality/value: The paper offers a value by providing a unique insight on inclusivity ofentrepreneurial activities in Europe, by breaking down the GEM-based analysis of female, youth andsenior entrepreneurship to regional levels.

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Reinvestment Possibilities and Evaluation: A Literature Review

Author(s): Pavla Pokorná,Jarmila Šebestová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The topic of the research was selected in view of the prosperity and growth of firms andthe lack of information in the policy of reinvestment companies in general. The question arises if thissituation also affects the company's profit-sharing policy in some way. Design/methodology/approach: The first step is to map possible ways how reinvestment is definedand calculated in the current literature. A bibliometric analysis on existed studies was made to findout a logical pathway to describe determinants, closely connected with reinvestments. A sum of 3,635records in total was obtained from Web of Science database, to be compared. Secondly, articles withfinancial ratios had been reviewed and compared to choose appropriate set of indicators. Findings: Six key ratios were identified within first phase to be able to frame a further researchactivity by Modified IRR, Average IRR, Economic value added, Discounted economic value-added,Modified NPV and Annualised Net Present Value. A bibliometric analysis had shown three keyproblems such as (a) no ties between different financial indicators (internal ratios and ratios based onstock market); (b) lack of financial planning and the connection with equity financing; (c) no tiebetween financing ang equity financing for innovation, no other areas of reinvestment possibilitiesare discussed in review articles. Research/practical implications: A reinvestment as a term relates to financial controlling inEuropean countries and it relates to profitability and liquidity ratios. Further primary research mustfocus on dynamic investment ratios evaluation, connected with determinants which were identified.These results can be a source for financial strategy directions for company development. Originality/value: A wide bibliometric analysis (3,635 sources), which confirm non-unifiedapproach for reinvestment definition and ratios for reinvestment evaluation. This topic can serve asstart point to uncover the current trend of money flows and possible strategy in enterprises with properindicators.

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Path Dependence and Regional Paths of Process Changes in the Russian Industry

Author(s): Svetlana Rastvortseva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The regional economy depends on the structure of industrial production which has beenestablished earlier. This study makes it possible to determine the hi-tech spheres in which theentrepreneurship is going to develop more successfully. The purpose of the investigation is todetermine the technological proximity of the industrial production branches with the high-techeconomy sector for further defining the egress from the previous development path. Design/methodology/approach: In order to determine possible egress of the region from theprevious development trajectory there has been proposed a method of proximity evaluation betweenthe high-tech sector and the existing structure of industrial production in the region. Thecharacteristics of high technologies relatedness to other industry branches in the Russian regions havebeen defined. Findings: For the Russian regions it was determined that less than 30% of sub-branches can beconsidered as connected with the high technology sector - 25%. The regions having the comparativeadvantages in the high-tech types of industry and sectors related thereto have been revealed. We havedemonstrated that individual regions can progress through investment into interregional connectionsand entrepreneurship domestic innovations. Research/practical implications: Considered as the investigatory contribution of the paper can bethe alternative proposed to the comparative advantage index in the form of a localization coefficientto be used at evaluation of the technological proximity of industrial branches. The results of this studycan be of benefit to representatives of the regional managerial bodies in the course of the economicpolicy development in the sphere of entrepreneurship. Originality/value: Proposed in the article is a method for evaluation of technological proximity ofindustry branches which differs from the traditional use of the localization coefficient. The calculatedproximity indexes make it possible to determine such high-tech industries to the development ofwhich there are the necessary prerequisites in the region, i.e. the technologically similar industrialproduction is under development.

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Risk Evaluation of Incremental Innovation in Logistic Information System

Author(s): Adam Sorokač,Luca Rigali / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The portfolio of automation tools with information communication technologies isextensive. We know many tools for their implementation, but insufficient reputation and mistrustin the digitization of production processes inhibit progress in obtaining information aboutmanufacture processes within Industry 4.0. One of the known toll is the implementation ofincremental innovation in logistic information system. Design/methodology/approach: For the implementation of incremental innovation (3I model)have been used this case presented 2 years ago. The incremental interdisciplinary innovation model– 3I model describes the process of introducing automatization tools with ICT into the logisticsinformation system. Each step in the process is analyzed as a risk of nonobservance of the model‘sstep. Follows the minimization of risks and case studies to illustrations procedure. Findings: Risks have been identified in introducing incremental innovations into the logisticsinformation system. Risks were categorized as reversible an irreversible. Research/practical implications: According to the 3I model, a case study model with identifiedrisks of introducing incremental innovations in the construction of buildings and structures wasbriefly formulated. Originality/value: Risk identification leads to the prevention or elimination of this risks. We canpredict the origin only of known risks. If the risk arises, then the risk categorization in the articledetermines whether the risk can be rectified or the innovation process should be interrupted.

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Youth Labour Market in Slovakia: From Education to Self-Employment

Author(s): Paulína Stachová,Magdaléna Musilová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to provide an insight into the relation between the educationsystem in Slovakia and position of young people on the labour market after finishing their studies,with special focus on the readiness of young people to start their self-employment. Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on the analysis of secondary data,searching for relationship between the youth unemployment rate and number of self-entrepreneursin the group of young people under 30 years. The reason of the analysis is to find out if self-employment could be interpreted as a solution to the problem of high youth unemployment rate. Findings: There is logical assumption that increase in the self-employment activity of youngpeople is connected with the decrease of their unemployment rate. The correlation analysis forSlovak data proves negative relation between those two. It seems that the exerted effort to prepareand motivate young people to become entrepreneurs has positive effects on the labour market andSlovak economy as a whole. Research/practical implications: The further research is needed, but already from the presentedpartial results could be clearly seen the need for bigger linking of education system with practiceand greater emphasis on acquiring business skills during studies. Originality/value: The paper contains the partial results of the research which contributes to thediscussion of how education system can lead to improvement of the position of young people onthe labour market.

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Evaluation of Cluster Policy in Russia. Analysis of Publicly Supported Innovative Territorial Clusters

Author(s): Ekaterina Stepanova,Elizaveta Kolchinskaya / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Today many programs supporting clusters are introduced in Russia and other countries.The purpose of the research is to provide a relevant quantitative study assessing the effectivenessof cluster policy. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the effectiveness of Russia's cluster policy isanalyzed using regression analysis. The survey covers data on 516 Russian enterprises divided intotwo groups: companies from supported clusters and firms that are members of similar but notsupported clusters. To the classical variables of Cobb-Douglas production function (companies’revenue, number of workers, capital of the company) we added cluster program dummy variable.The main question of the research is whether companies in supported clusters operate moreeffectively than other companies. Findings: The analysis provided quite interesting results. It was found that governmental supportwhich was received by 27 innovative clusters didn’t have any effect on the revenue of thecompanies. This means that Russian innovation clusters work equally efficiently, regardless ofwhether they have government support. Research/practical implications: We have not found short-term effects on the enterprisesassociated with the supported clusters. The obtained results indicate that cluster policy conductedfrom 2012 to the present time requires adjustment. In this regard, the authors proposerecommendations on further implementation of cluster policy. Originality/value: We have described the production function of Russian companies which workin the clusters. We have found that there is no significant effect on companies' output fromgovernment supporting of the clusters in Russia. Effectiveness of cluster policy has never beenevaluated empirically before this research.

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Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies on Online CSR Communication

Author(s): Richard Szántó / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been changing since its creation.As the concept has been evolving, new definitions were born, and academics and practitioners havechanged their focus over the years. In this paper longitudinal studies dealing with online CSRcommunication are reviewed to explore general tendencies and patterns. Design/methodology/approach: In order to find longitudinal studies on online CSRcommunication within EBSCO Database related papers were sought. In addition, a furtherinvestigation was made with Google Scholar search engine to find more relevant papers aboutonline CSR communication. At the end of the search process, 7 articles were identified. Theselected longitudinal studies together cover a period between 2003 and 2017. Findings: The longitudinal analyses that were selected used similar research methodologies. Allstudies applied a content analysis where researchers were looking for predefined keywords andcategories on corporate websites. Findings suggest, that communicating about CSR activities andprinciples on corporate websites is evident for larger companies in the western world, and it isbecoming the norm in other parts of the world as well. The salience of different CSR topics on thewebsites, however, has been changing, and there are no constant key themes that would have beendominated the online CSR disclosure in the last 15 years. Research/practical implications: By analyzing longitudinal studies researchers and practitionersmay have deeper insights about (online) CSR communication, and they can predict futuretendencies of the field. Originality/value: Although research on internet-based CSR communication is abundant,longitudinal studies are rare. To the best knowledge of the author, this paper presents the firstattempt to perform a comprehensive review of these studies.

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Innovations or Modernisation? The Implementation of Agricultural Progress in Individual Farms in the Region of Lower Silesia

Author(s): Barbara Szczepańska,Jacek Szczepański / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This article concerns the implementation of agricultural progress in individual farms. Itsaim is an attempt to answer the question whether the development of Polish individual farms takesplace through absorbing innovations of biological type or through modernisation expressed in thepurchase of new agricultural machinery. Design/methodology/approach: A holistic approach to studying agricultural progress wasapplied. The data comes from quantitative surveys conducted among individual farmerswho manage farms from 5 to 300 ha. 200 structured interviews with farmers were conducted(124 questions). The data analysed comes from surveys conducted in 2013 in Lower Silesia. Findings: The farmers declared that after Poland's accession to the EU, first of all, they madechanges in the field of applied plant protection products, in equipping the machinery park and onlyat the end of changes in the use of new varieties of agricultural plants. There are two ways ofexplaining this state of affairs: 1) The productivity and competitiveness of agriculture is determinedby farms over 20 ha, there are less than 10% of them. In other farms, their owners combine farmwork with commercial work or social sources (The Characteristics of Agricultural Holdings 2010:56). 2) The tractors have been before - but are also today a factor significantly affecting the statusof a good farmer in the rural community. Research/practical implications: The studies have shown little knowledge about biologicalprogress. Farmers do not share about benefits resulting from the application of biologicalinnovations, they do not know that kind of programs. Originality/value: The work presents its author’s own research which is an attempt to analysethe process of implementing agricultural progress in farms.

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Performance Measurement Systems: Approaches and Problems of SMES

Author(s): Maroš Šlenker,Zuzana Papulova,Silvester Krčméry / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the research was to evaluate the level of application of the performancemeasurement systems (PMS) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in Slovakia. Design/methodology/approach: We gathered the data by a questionnaire survey conducted in the2018. We analysed and evaluated the data using three nonparametric methods – Kruskal-Wallistest, Dunn's test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Our sample consisted of 253 SMEsoperating in Slovakia. Within the framework of the theory, we tried to set the main problematicareas in SMEs by already published findings and then by comparing them to our results. Findings: The level of implementation of PMS in SMEs is still very low, although we could findsome positive and interesting improvements of SMEs towards the studied topic. In general, thereis insufficient number of complex PMS specifically designed for SMEs. Only a small number ofSMEs has experiences with PMS or specific tools designed for performance measurement andevaluation. The major reasons are linked to the understanding of importance and benefits of suchsystems, they have lack of knowledge and information about implementation and also lack of time,human, material and financial resources. Research/practical implications: Major outcomes of the paper are connected to identification ofreasons why SMEs do not apply PMS and also to identification of factors causing problems in thisarea in general for SMEs. We pointed out certain benefits that can help SMEs to improve theirperformance and competitiveness connected to performance measurement and evaluation. Ourrecommendations are also linked to the increase of interest and education of managers in this areaand to the development of more suitable approaches or specific tools that can better match theconditions of SMEs. Originality/value: We set the original research and present current findings on the approaches ofSMEs towards performance measurement in Slovakia with the intention to provide their managerswith suggestions for improvements.

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Social Marketing Campaigns Carried Out by Brand. A Case Study

Author(s): Beata Tarczydło / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The article was motivated by the question about the role of branded social marketingcampaigns in management practice? The purpose of the qualitative research was to obtaininformation on whether and what social marketing campaigns are conducted under the Ikea brandand what results they bring. Design/methodology/approach: Literature studies, meta-analysis of available online sources, andown qualitative studies using case study, participant observation, and online content analysis werecarried out. Information search focused on the following problem areas: What social marketingcampaigns are conducted under the Ikea brand? What issues do they concern? Who carries themout, for whom, with whom? What activities are involved? What are their results? Findings: The discussion and qualitative research confirmed that the brand’s social marketingcampaigns are an important management tool in the age of sustainability practices. The articlepresents Ikea’s social marketing campaigns: “Familiarised”, “The Room”, “Next-DoorNeighbours”, “Playing is serious business”, and “Ikea at COP24”. Branded social marketingcampaigns bring multiple benefits to all stakeholders. Research/practical implications: The analysed social marketing campaigns conducted by Ikeaconcern important issues: social issues, the problem of domestic violence, creating opportunitiesfor spending time in a constructive way, caring about children’s right to develop, also throughplaying which educates, lets them grow, and brings happiness, plus environmental issues and thoserelated to sustainable management and activities. Originality/value: The conducted literature and empirical studies contribute to expandingknowledge and practical skills in the area of sustainability. Branded social marketing campaignsincrease the effectiveness of personified brand management. The need to use them is determinedby current market conditions and new management paradigms. The discussed examples mayconstitute a model for other marketers.

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Innovation and Flexibility in Services Provided by Manufacturing Companies

Author(s): Eva Tomášková,Lucie Kaňovská / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Manufacturing companies are positioning themselves increasingly as providers ofservices and solutions to their products in order to satisfy the customers’ various needs and wishes.The paper presents the results of a research investigating the items related to innovation andflexibility of services among electrical engineering companies in the Czech Republic. The aim ofthe paper is to find out if innovation and flexibility in services provided by manufacturingcompanies have a positive impact on the customers. Design/methodology/approach: To address the research objective, the questionnaire in the formof the Likert scale was prepared to gather information about services. A total of 60 SMEs from theSouth Moravian region of the Czech Republic participated in the survey during 2014. This is a firstempirical research focused on this area held among the electric engineering companies in the CzechRepublic. Findings: The main findings show that there is no direct impact of flexibility and innovation inservices on customers, but it can be said that flexibility and innovation perceived by customers arestill affecting, although less than we expected. Research/practical implications: In some areas, innovation and flexibility had strong positiveimpact on customers and there was certainly no negative impact. Even if there is no direct impactof flexibility and innovation on customers here, it can be said that flexibility and innovation bycustomers are still affecting, although less than we expected. Managers will certainly not defraudthemselves if they put emphasis on innovation and increasing flexibility for services offered bymanufacturing companies. Originality/value: There is still little information about understanding the service issue inmanufacturing companies. Therefore, the paper is focused on innovation and flexibility in servicesprovided by manufacturers in the Czech Republic.

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Strategy Orientations and the Performance Effect in International New Ventures

Author(s): Rosalina Torres-Ortega / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This paper examines how the strategy orientation for international new ventures (INV)affects business performance, measured by customer performance and financial performance, inthe context of Spanish firms, and whether this effect varies between the strategies. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses data collected by web survey in a sample surveyof a data set of 92 INV. The technique of confirmatory factor analysis is used to test themeasurement properties of the study constructs. Subsequently, a structural equation modelingprocedure is used to test the research hypothesis developed on the basis of the literature review. Findings: The results show that the strategy orientations have a positive and significant effect onperformance in INV in customer and financial performance. The study findings indicate that thestrategy that had higher effect in the performance is the MO. Research/practical implications: From a business practice perspective, this research suggestedthat INV managers may adopt multiple strategies to attract and retain customers in differentmarkets, and positive effect in performance. Originality/value: Although strategies are well explored in management literature with positiveeffect for companies, this study advances the domain of international entrepreneurship intoexploring the effect of multiple strategies to achievement of superior performance in theinternational new ventures.

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Factors Affecting the Timeliness of Financial Statements: Empirical Research in Vietnam

Author(s): Hung Tang Tri,Phuong Thi Kim Tran,Ngan Le Vu Thanh / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The timeliness of financial statements is a critical characteristic and a necessarycomponent of relevant financial information that is receiving augmented attention byaccounting standard setters and regulatory authorities worldwide. Thus, this research aims tovalidate what factors affecting the timeliness of financial statements of Vietnamese listedbuilding material companies. Henceforward, it will significantly contribute to the quality offinancial statements particularly and the development of Vietnamese capital market generally. Design/methodology/approach: The data is collected from annual financial statements of 66building material companies listed on Viet Nam Stock Exchange (including HOSE and HNX)from 2013 to 2017. Then, research data is handled and analyzed by a multiple regression withOLS, FEM and REM model to descript the reliability and validity of research result. Findings: The result reveals that some factors such as board independence; board experience;and profitability have positive relationship with timeliness of financial statements, whereas thetype of financial statements; the duality of CEO; the foreign ownership and the leverage havenegative relationship with timeliness of financial statements. Furthermore, the findingsillustrate that there were no relationships between board size; board diligence; company sizeand the audit report lag. Research/practical implications: The paper identifies factors having the relationship with thetimeliness of financial statements of building material companies listed in Vietnam. From then,these companies’ managers and investors can consider these issues before making relevantdecisions. Further, the consecutive board of Viet Nam Stock Exchange also focuses on thispaper to enhance transparency of capital market as well as researchers can refer to it for theirstudies. Originality/value: This research broadens the knowledge on financial information quality, thetimeliness of financial statements particularly in Vietnamese capital market. Thence, the qualityof financial statements is augmented and investors as well as users will get benefits from it.

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Regulatory Conditions for Peer-To-Peer Lending for Small and Medium Businesses

Author(s): Augustinus (Stijn) van der Krogt,Cecilia M. T. López Badano / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This research analyses the importance of the collective financing model known asPeer-to-Peer Lending for Business (PPL-B) for small and medium-sized companies (SMEs). Inparticular it evaluates the impact of the national regulatory framework and the use of alternativecredit risk assessment models applied by PPL-B on the credit access for SMEs. Design/Methodology: This research is based on a multiple case-study and the analysis ofsecondary information resources including 11 academics articles and 7 international researchreports on the topic. The research scope is limited to a 5-year period (2013-2018) and looks atfour referential countries in this sector including the United States, United Kingdom, China andGermany. Findings: PPL-B has become an important alternative source of financing for SMEs in theUSA, UK and China. It furthermore suggests that the country-specific regulatory frameworkapplied to PPL-B has an important impact on its growth and access to it for SMEs in thesecountries. Also, that the use of alternative data sources as applied by PPL-B platforms hasa positive effect on the credit approval rates in the USA and China. Research/practical implications: The paper has direct implications for policymakers who canlearn that SMEs can benefit from PPL-B if governments set up regulatory frameworks cateredspecifically for this sector. The paper informs investors and SMEs that the use of alternativedata sources contributes to higher credit approval rates for SMEs. This research has severallimitations due to the lack of data on the PPL-B sector and its impact on SMEs. To addressthese challenges, future research is to focus on in-depth country-specific studies that compareSMEs’ credit access through traditional banking institutions and PPL-B platforms. Originality/value: This research responds to current lack of multiple-country studies thatanalyse the key factors to effective credit access for SMEs through PPL-B.

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Data Stewardship Leadership Impact on Vertical Integration in Governance Program

Author(s): Milomir Vojvodic,Christian Hitz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The study examines the impact of data stewardship leadership on vertical integrationin data governance programs. There is an ongoing challenge of insufficient involvement ofbusiness users in data governance workflows and vertically integrate stakeholders froma systems level and functions level. This impacts the success of the program. Design/methodology/approach: To test the hypotheses, a quantitative method with StructuralEquation Modelling and Partial Least Squares (PLS) in SmartPLS is used. The empirical dataare collected from 56 data management professionals involved in recent General DataProtection Regulation projects associated with customers’ data in larger organizations acrossEurope. The data collection took place during December 2018. Findings: Research findings show that there is an effect of Data Stewardship Leadership onVertical Integration. Research/practical implications: Effective data governance provides a means to obtain utilityfrom controlled data use, which is crucial in the data economy underway. In order to providevalues to traditional information management, governance demands success with itsmechanisms for involvement and alignment with business stakeholders. Originality/value: This work attempts to contribute to filling the gap in the scientific body ofknowledge on data governance with empirical evidence of organizational practice needed forsuccessful implementation of the program.

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Analysis of Companies Operating in the Construction Industry in the Czech Republic Based on Kohonen Networks – Identification of Leaders in the Field

Author(s): Jaromír Vrbka,Petr Šuleř,Jakub Horák / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Construction industry is a very important part of a national economy. Naturally, insuch a field a large number of business entities operate. Each of these entities has to measureits financial stability and to predict the future development. Design/methodology/approach: Within analysis, leaders in the field of construction industryare identified. For the purpose of the analysis, data entries of the financial statements obtainedfrom 12,584 companies operating in Czech construction industry in 2016. Using Kohonennetworks, cluster analysis is carried out. Findings: It can be stated that a relatively small group of companies strongly influences theconstruction industry development and thus the development of the entire national economy.The identified group of leaders of the construction industry consists of 59 companies out ofa total of 12,584. This represents 0.47% of all companies that were active in the sector duringthe 2016. Research/practical implications: A relatively small group of companies has a very highimpact on the development of the construction industry, we can say that this group has a majorimpact on the development of the entire national economy. Based on the result, we can deducethat the future development of the construction industry can be predicted based on the resultsof 59 enterprises. We should, for example, verify whether the representation of companies inindividual clusters will change over time. Originality/value: This contribution aims to analyse the entire construction industry in theCzech Republic using a modern innovative method, artificial intelligence – Kohonen networks.Leaders of the industry were identified. As a predictive tool, the analysis of 59 enterprises isvery positive. What is negative, however, is that the fluctuations in outputs (caused bywhichever reason) may result in a fluctuation in the entire branch of the national economy.

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CSR of the City-Forming Enterprises of Nuclear Industry in Russian Monocities

Author(s): Ekaterina Zaitseva,Galina Alekseevna Bannykh,Svetlana Kostina,Vladimir Zapariy / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the atomic industryenterprises of the Russian Federation on the development of single-industry towns as part ofthe implementation of corporate social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach: In this article, the authors rely on the provisions of theconcept of corporate social responsibility and the concept of "single-industry cities". The studyinvolves the use of methods for the thematic analysis of theoretical and regulatory documents,as well as a method for analyzing statistical data on the implementation of certain areas ofcorporate social responsibility of the city-forming enterprises of the Rosatom state corporation.The article uses data on 20 mono-cities in which the city-forming enterprises of the nuclearindustry of the Russian Federation are located. Findings: The authors conclude that the construction of atomic industry enterprises in theterritory of the Russian Federation was often associated with the formation. A specific featureof these single-industry towns is their closed nature due to the strategic or defensive nature ofthese enterprises, for example, nuclear power plants. These enterprises remain for single-industry towns the only large business and, accordingly, a source of local budget revenues, aswell as jobs. Rosatom has a single CSR policy for all enterprises. At the same time, each city-forming enterprise takes part in the life of single-industry towns in accordance with local needs. Research/practical implications: We have considered how a social infrastructure is beingcreated, the development of the territory and its human potential is taking place thanks to theactivities of the town-forming enterprises of the nuclear industry. Originality/value: The article makes a scientific contribution to the study of the role of city-forming enterprises in the single-industry towns of the Russian Federation.

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Prospects of Development of Innovation Clusters. A Case of Russia

Author(s): Ekaterina Zaitseva,Galina Alekseevna Bannykh,Svetlana Kostina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main research objective is the analysis of the features and prospects of thedevelopment of innovation clusters in Russia with the participation of universities. Design/methodology/approach: Case study is the main method to allow the authors to analysedevelopment of innovation clusters in Russia from the role of universities in it point of view(concept of triple helix). Analysis of regulatory documents allowed to determine the legal modelof interaction between participants of innovative clusters, analysis of statistical data – to revealthe effectiveness of their functioning. Findings: The creation of innovation clusters is not a universal mechanism for raising the levelof a country's global competitiveness and should occur only with strict control by the state andthe mandatory participation of universities, only in those industries and regions where thecreation of a cluster may be appropriate. However, only tough measures of state support for thedevelopment of clusters are not enough; a transition to a catalytic model of cluster policy isnecessary. Research/practical implications: Most of the innovation clusters in Russia are formed „fromabove“, they lack the “need from below” and real regionalization and municipalization. Fortriple helix model it is necessary to solve problems related to increasing the possibilities of civicinteraction, enhancing potential through new formats. Communication of the university withthe business should be real and expressed in specific orders, common projects and even goals. Originality/value: Non-participation of the population, spontaneous formation of humanpotential and the use of universities as a continuation of the vertical of power are features of thesituation in the Russian Federation. Understanding and assessing the role of universities inmodern cluster and innovation policy of Russia is one of the ways to solve the existing problemsof its innovative development.

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Explore Entrepreneur's Personal Very First Export Decision Based on Bounded Rationality

Author(s): Yi Zhang,Utz Dornberger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This exploratory research first anatomizes entrepreneur ́s personal very first exportdecision processes. Major export decisions (MEDs) are treated as the basic components of thedecision process. The second step is to find out possible differences between first exportdecisions and subsequent export decisions with respect to the sequence and frequency of MEDs. Design/methodology/approach: We apply an in-depth case study approach. The data ofdecision processes of three entrepreneurs in different industries was collected through semi-structured interviews in 2017 and 2018. We applied a method to support interviewees ́ recallprocesses. Information related to MEDs was extracted to form the process data. We comparedthe sequence and frequency of MEDs in our cases with previous research conclusions. Findings: First, in all cases, there is at least one MED, which was made more than once in thedecision process. Second, none of the interviewed entrepreneurs had made the choice of localrepresentative. Third, although the export-production decision was not treated as MEDs by theprevious study, all interviewed entrepreneurs have expressed its importance. Without it the firstexports could not have been done. Our findings complement previous research conclusions. Research/practical implications: Entrepreneur ́s first export decision is unique. It influencessubsequent internationalization behaviours. Future researches and policymakers should payspecial attention to it. Instead of focusing on a single MED, future studies and export promotionprograms should apply a holistic approach to study and practically support the completedecision process that contains many MEDs, so that decision-makers can carry the exportprocess through to the end. Future scholarly works are needed to explore the cognitive processof reaching those MEDs in real-life to develop methods to support the decision-making process. Originality/value: The unit of analysis of our study is entrepreneur ́s complete personal firstexport decision process. Based on bounded rationality, it is necessary to study export decisionson the individual level.

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Evaluation of Temporal Growth of Russian Cities

Author(s): Inna Manaeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The development of a regional policy framework shifted the topic of the role of cities to the focus of the current scientific and political agenda. The purpose of the article is to analyze the stability of the urban system of Russia using the Zipf's law and assess the growth of Russian cities using the Gibrat’s law. Design/methodology/approach: Zipf’s law, Gibrat’s law were used as methodological tools; the exponential function was estimated using the ordinary least squares method. We used official statistics and archival materials. Findings: For the analyzed period 1897–2014, the value of the Zipf coefficient increased from 0.64 to 1.2. Consequently, the urban system of Russia can be considered as stable, the population is unevenly dispersed in small and medium cities. The process of urban growth over the period 1897-2002 was ambiguous: until 1970, small cities grew faster than large ones, as the population migrated from the village to small cities within the region’s borders. Since 1989, large cities have been growing faster than small ones, since the process of population migration from small to large cities has been taking place. The development of urban systems is influenced by external factors, which makes it possible to manage their sustainable development with the help of political and economic instruments. Research/practical implications: The results will serve as the basis for the formation of political recommendations and allow us to evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of government regulation measures aimed at achieving a balanced and sustainable development of Russia's urban systems and the development of program-design mechanisms for managing urban structures. Originality/value: The analysis used archival census data of the XIX century in Russia. A comparative analysis of demographic dynamics in the context of federal districts for the cities of Russia has not been conducted before; the Gibrat’s law is empirically analyzed using nonparametric methods for the first time and is directly related to the results of estimates of the cities’ size.

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