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THE REPRESENTATION OF THE SOVIET POPULATION DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN STATE SECURITY ORGANS’ INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL DOCUMENTS OF 1920S

Author(s): Svitlana Liaskovska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

This paper addresses the ways of representation of antisocial behavior described in analytical documents (newsletters, reports, reviews, memos) of the Soviet State Security (GPU USSR) which were prepared to inform senior party and government leadership about the situation in the country. In particular, these documents contain information about the deviant, delinquent and criminal behavior of different social groups in terms of their rejection of the party-state policy. Individuals’ sentiments and actions are considered to be the varieties of antisocial behavior. The Secret Service documents contain information about the specific acts of negative behavior of certain social groups (workers, peasants) as well as of individual members of the public authorities. In a separate part are the reports containing the information about the antisocial actions by responsible and ordinary party members. The author attempts to analyze how the Secret Service determined the motivation of Soviet population antisocial behavior. The author comes to the conclusion that the information and analytical documents are valuable historical source for the study of different types of antisocial behavior in the period of new economic policy.

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Obraz osláv Slovenského národného povstania v denníku Pravda v povojnových rokoch (1945 – 1948)

Author(s): Lucia Kaňuščáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the image of the celebrations of Slovak national uprising in the daily Pravda in the years 1945 – 1948. It deals with the analysis of propaganda in post war Czechoslovakia on the example of commemorating important historical event in Slovak history – Slovak national uprising. It provides an overview and concept of celebration of the Slovak National Uprising in the early post war years. There is an analysis of the relationship of the German and Hungarian minorities in that period on the occasion of commemorating the Slovak National Uprising and the removal of democratic leaders from the Uprising image associated with preventing Democrats to participate in power. The aim of this article is to trace changes in the presentation of the Slovak national uprising celebrations on the pages of daily Pravda in the after war period, which were related to current political and social conditions and tobring information onhow socialist propaganda used historical event Slovak national uprising and its celebrations for extruding communist ideology.

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Etnokultúrny výskum Slovákov v Srbsku, Chorvátsku a Rumunsku – špecifiká, perspektívy, význam

Author(s): Ladislav Lenovský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

The Slovaks living in Serbia, Croatia and Romania are not just a result of historical development from the perspective of assimilation, but they create ethnic communities which are active, purposeful and coordinated. This situation is not a matter of course, automatic or inertia. It is the result of sophisticated and conscious continuous stimulation of ethnicity. Specifics of environments of these Slovaks are an important determinant of general and particular development trends and perspectives of their existence. Ethno-cultural research must therefore take into account the current local, regional and areal context of their identity, language and cultural traditions. It is more effective to perceive the minority culture from the perspectives of its preservation of the cultural wealth and values and to interpret it as the cultural potential that can be converted into the cultural capital.

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Intensification of the cultural Activity of the Lusatian Sorbs in 1820 – 1840

Author(s): Eugen Bevziuk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The paper is devoted to the research of the phenomenon of the Lusatian Sorbs cultural revival. The intensification process of cultural and national movement of the Lusatian Sorbs, that took place under the influence of the Age of Enlightenment at the turn of the 18th –19th centuries, has been considered. Changes that took place in the political and social life of the German states, led to the formation of a new layer – ethnic intelligentsia, who became a leader of the Sorbian revival. Despite the general laws, the Sorbian revival turned to be different from the similar processes of other Slavic peoples. For the Sorbs the main issue of the ethnic revival programme was not politicizing their movement, but preserving their own culture and its renaissance. Consequently, it is argued that the Lusatian ethnic community could not have transformed into a nation because of various objective reasons. However, as the Sorbs developed within the mainstream of the formation of European nations, in particular German, their cultural and ethnic revival was a part of the establishment of new European nations.

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Nacionalistické aktivity obyvateľov Spiša po vzniku Československej republiky

Author(s): Martin Furmanik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

The study deals with the nationalist activities of the Spiš inhabitants after the establishment of Czechoslovakia. The end of the First World War and the destruction of Hungary directly stimulated nationalist activities of the Slovak population in all its regions, even in the Spiš region. The nature and dimension of these activities in Spiš region, was determined by its multi-ethnicity. Therefore in Spiš were mobilized members of various nationalities - Slovak, German, Hungarian and Ruthenian. Nationalist manifestations in the observed period were mainly related to the operation of national councils of these nationalities. The Hungarian National Council, the German National Council of and East Slovak Council were supported by the Hungarian government, which at that time ruled over the territory. On the contrary, the Slovak National Council was on the defensive. After the occupation of Spiš by Czechoslovak army in December 1918, the situation turned. Pro-Hungarian oriented councils were either cancelled or got to the defensive and the Slovak National Council was encouraged by Czechoslovak government. During the year 1919 there was a different manifestation for Czechoslovakia and against it, what will be addressed to this paper, too.

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Factor structure of the Scale of Evaluation of Body Dissatisfaction for Adolescents (EEICA) among students from Slovakia, Hungary and Lithuania

Author(s): Lucia Hricová,Oľga Orosová,Beáta Gajdošová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

Background: Body dissatisfaction is important to examine as it is an essential evaluative part of the self-system and can have an impact on psychological and physical health. It is a complex phenomenon and seems to include more factors. The scale of body dissatisfaction for adolescents (EEICA) is a multidimensional verbal method measuring body dissatisfaction. However, its factor structure has only been identified in a Spanish adolescent sample. Aim: The main aim of this study is to identify factors of the EEICA for university students from Slovakia, Hungary and Lithuania. Methods: 2357 first year university students completed the EEICA online as part of the SLiCE study. Principal axis factoring with Varimax rotation was performed for each country separately. Intercorrelations between factors via the Pearson correlation coefficient were tested as well. Results: The study revealed a three-factor structure of the EEICA in each country (Self-acceptance and acceptance by others based on appearance, Weight control together with efforts to improve one´s appearance and Low weight dissatisfaction) after excluding 9 items. In addition, the results revealed a significant association between body evaluation and behavior connected to body appearance. Conclusions: This factor structure helps to distinguish between (1) cognitive and emotional body evaluation and (2) behavioral aspects connected to body appearance. This structure differs from the previous factor structure in Spanish adolescents and it has revealed a new relevant factor named Low weight dissatisfaction, which has so far been rarely explored. Future research may focus on this factor as well as on the complex validation of the EEICA in different age categories.

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Political development of the Hungarian opposition parties in the interwar Czechoslovak Republic

Author(s): Milan Olejník / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The paper deals with the basic issues of political development of Hungarian opposition parties during the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic (CSR). Within the frame of parliamentary democracy in CSR the whole array of political parties was active,including political associations based on the ethnic principle. Among the Hungarian community the primary role was played by the Provincial Christian Social Party (PChSP) and the Hungarian National Party (HNP). Eventually, even though they were representing primarily interests of the Hungarian population,they differed in their confessional orientation, but also in their ability to gain support of voters outside the Hungarian community. PChSP, which represented itself as the strictly Catholic Party, was able to attract preferences of a segment of Slovak Catholics. On the other side, the Hungarian National Party could count on votes of certain number of members of the Jewish minority. The both parties differentiated also in their approach to ruling coalition. Whereas MNS was pursuing a policy of opposition in some circumstances it was open to cooperation with government if its demands aimed at improvement of the status of Hungarian community would be met, the PChSP was a priori against any cooperation with government. Till their unification both Hungarian opposition parties were active as autonomous political associations.A dramatic development of political situation at the close of 1938 resulted in a radical change of the status of the Hungarian political opposition as well as Hungarian population. On the basis of Vienna Arbitrage from 2 November 1938, a sizeable part of the Southern Slovakia, where the majority of members of the Hungarian minority lived was annexed by Hungary.

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Street art a graffiti v kontextu města

Author(s): Adam Wiesner / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2019

The paper presents data from interviews conducted in 2006–2007 with four repre- sentatives of the Prague street art and graffiti scene who worked in the Czech capital city at the beginning of the 2000s. Part of the article deals with creative activities in the Prague subway where most of the interviewed authors created their works. The author thus offers the perspective of the authors of the Prague street art and graffiti scenes and presents their view of the (il)legal works of art from around ten years ago in the context of the current discourse in social sciences. Over the last twenty years, this discourse has evolved to such an extent that it now enables to see the phenome- non of urban public works of art as a phenomenon full of paradoxes. Graffiti and street art therefore cannot be interpreted only from the point of view of legality or the art of resistance. Their definition must remain sufficiently open, since certain ambivalence, contradiction and ghostliness are characteristic of it equally as of life in a modern global city that is inherently tied to it.

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Židovský plavecký a športový klub Bar Kochba Bratislava – najúspešnejší športový klub Slovenska v medzivojnovom období

Author(s): Peter Bučka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2019

In this article, the author deals with the foundation, development, results and reasons of disappearance of the most successful sports club in the interwar era; the Jewish swimming and sports club Bar Kochba Bratislava. After the birth of Czechoslovakia, sports in Slovakia could develop on a national basis. Large national minorities had the same possibilities. To eliminate the risk of misusing sports for political purposes, sport representatives decided to organise it on the ethnic principle instead of the re- gional one. Thanks to this a wide variety of national sports organisations were esta- blished, including some Jewish ones. Even though Jews constituted only 2.01% of the population in the interwar period in today’s territory of Slovakia (Bergerová, 1992: 108), they succeeded not only in sports but in other areas of social life as well.

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Sistemul de învățământ irakian de la mărire la decădere

Author(s): Simona Iacob / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

In Iraq, the education is, as in Romania, administered by the government, more specifically by the Ministry of Education. The country experienced in the past the best systems of education in the region and enjoyed a special reputation for the pre-university and academic system. But in the last two decades, the education in Iraq became problematic. The fall of Sadam Hussein’s regime, in 2003 and the invasion of the United States destabilized the education system and quality has constantly deteriorated.

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Conexiunile între educație și tehnologie în predarea limbii române ca limbă străină

Author(s): Ana-Mihaela Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2020

The present study highlights the most important challenges faced by moder education as a result of the transfer of class from face-to-face to the on-line system. Starting from a definition of synchronous methods of teaching and continuing with an understanding of the role of the computer in online teaching of foreign languages, the article explains the way in which the two basic components of the acquisition of Romanian as a foreign language – grammatical competences and vocabulary acquisition, have been influenced. The study explains the way in which Microsoft Teams platform was used as a means of communication for the students enrolled in the Foundation Year of Romanian as a Foreign Language, explaining the challenges faced by teachers in the online period. Last but not least, the article highlights the technical difficulties posed by the use of Microsoft Teams platforms, but also the accomplishments achieved while successfully using interactive work techniques, during the Grammar and Vocabulary classes.

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Importanţa componentei culturale în predarea limbii române ca limbă străină

Author(s): Ana Mihaela Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

The present study represents an analysis of the methods used by teaching staff of the Romanian - American University, during the three years of teaching, at the Foundation Year of Romanian language as a foreign language. In a constantly growing market with a growing demand, especially for preparing future students for medical programs, the article follows the evolution of the international students, who enrol in the program with an A1-A2 level of English language knowledge, which raises the question of the type of teaching: with the help of English as support language, or directly in the Romanian language, by the immersion method in the new language of study. Considering also the cultural differences existing between learners, which affect in a way dramatically acquiring a language with an extremely different grammar and difficult at the same time, we will turn our attention to the importance of cultural elements, highlighting the similarities between cultures, which allow an easier transition to the new language and culture.

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Magic and Ritual in the Roman Amphitheatre of Beit Guvrin, Israel

Author(s): Noy Shemesh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The amphitheatre of Beit Guvrin, Israel, was built in the 2nd century AD and held gladiatorial games and wild beast hunts for c. 150 years. The excavations of this spectacle building unearthed a cultic room (sacellum) and hundreds of cultic artefacts, including two votive altars, hundreds of ritualistic oil lamps and four curse tablets that attest to the use of magic and rituals in the context of gladiatorial games. These artefacts were likely used prior to the spectacles in order to gain divine assistance and enhance the winning chances of the gladiators and venatores who participated in the bloody spectacles that took place at the arena. The sacellum and the cultic artefacts found in the amphitheatre were only briefly mentioned in the published preliminary report on the amphitheatre, but no attempt has been made until now to investigate the cultic and magical rituals that took place in this spectacle building. This article, which is based on the original excavation diaries, thus provides a unique perspective on the importance of magic and ritual within the gladiatorial games at the amphitheatre of Beit Guvrin, offering an insight into the cultic beliefs and practices of the gladiators and functionaries who occupied this spectacle building. The amphitheatre of Beit Guvrin, Israel, was built in the 2nd century AD and held gladiatorial games and wild beast hunts for c. 150 years. The excavations of this spectacle building unearthed a cultic room (sacellum) and hundreds of cultic artefacts, including two votive altars, hundreds of ritualistic oil lamps and four curse tablets that attest to the use of magic and ritu als in the context of gladiatorial games. These artefacts were likely used prior to the spectacles in order to gain divine assistance and enhance the winning chances of the gladiators and venatores who participated in the bloody spectacles that took place at the arena. The sacellum and the cultic artefacts found in the amphitheatre were only briefly mentioned in the published preliminary report on the amphitheatre, but no attempt has been made until now to investigate the cultic and magical ritu als that took place in this spectacle building. This article, which is based on the original excavation diaries, thus provides a unique perspective on the importance of magic and ritual within the gladiatorial games at the amphitheatre of Beit Guvrin, offering an insight into the cultic beliefs and practices of the gladiators and functionaries who occupied this spectacle building.

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School Experiences of Children of Roma Migrant Returnees and Refugees from the Middle East

Author(s): Magdalena Slavkova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Based upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted amongst families of Bulgarian Roma returnees and refugees from the Middle East in Bulgaria, this paper discusses the problems of adaptation, which children face in elementary and secondary schools. Using a dialogical approach as the main strategy of fieldwork, I interviewed Roma returnee parents and children from different settlements, on the one hand, directors, homeroom teachers, and school staff, on the other, as well as experts in education. I conducted research amongst refugee families from Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, and Iran in the southern town of Harmanli, where a refugee camp was set up in 2013. I am specifically interested in the children’s enrollment for the school years 2017 – 2018 and 2018 – 2019 when, for the first time, refugee pupils are enrolled in larger numbers in public schools, as a result of the introduction of Ordinance No. 3 of 2017. On the basis of the fieldwork material and reviewed documents, I state that the approaches to returnee and refugee students can be called ‘mainstream’ and ‘specific’ approaches. Under the mainstream approach, the pupils are categorised as ‘children of Bulgarian citizens living abroad’ and none of them are specifically labeled as ‘Roma’. The attitude towards them is similar to that of children of other Bulgarian return migrants. A special (targeting) approach is adopted for refugee children, who are included in the same group of ‘vulnerable’ students along with Roma pupils, assuming that both do not have a good command of the Bulgarian language and are at risk for unsuccessful adaptation at school.

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Изграждане на организационна резилентност: стратегически подходи

Author(s): Dimitar Tashkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

This paper discusses contemporary understandings of the nature of organizational resilience, Gibson & Tarrant’s principles model of organizational resilience, and strategic approaches to building and sustaining organizational resilience.

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Система за управление на мирновременното специално производство в България през 1951 – 1990 година

Author(s): Dimitar Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

The publication is the first on the topic in Bulgaria and gives an overview of the management system of peacetime special production in Bulgaria during 1951 – 1990, includes: special management of the State Planning Commission and its successors as a working body of the Bulgarian representation in the Permanent Committee on Defence Industry of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and responsible for planning the special production in Bulgaria; Departments and sector for defense production in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party; Military-Industrial Commission of the Council of Ministers and its successor Party-Government Committee on Defence Industry of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party and the Council of Ministers; headed by the State Committee of Defence, responsible for strategic direction of defence in Bulgaria. The archive documents show the tasks and links between its units, which have helped for two decades to turn the country from an absolute importer of weapons and military equipment into an exporter of such, as well as well as for the multiple increase of the ammunition produced.

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Бойни действия в градски условия въз основа на опита от войната в Украйна и новите указания на руските въоръжени сили

Author(s): Andrey Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

Military and political realities in Europe indicate that urban warfare in cities of various sizes will take a much more important place in future military conflicts, and for the war in Ukraine this can be considered practically determined based on the lessons of the last year. The 2022 Met hodological Guidelines on the Specifics of Urban Warfare of the Russian Armed Forces have been used as the basis for this analysis. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the weaknesses and strengths of Russian formations in urban warfare and to determine some future trends.

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Публично-частното партньорство – старата нова парадигма в управлението на публичните ресурси

Author(s): Zhivko Lavchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) has established itself as a governance paradigm whose conceptual evolution and implementation reflect the transformations in socio-economic relations and the distribution of public resources. Within the context of the present research, the role of PPP is examined as a mechanism for generating sustainable economic development through synergistic interaction between governmental institutions and the private sector. The research focuses on identifying challenges in risk management, innovation integration, and achieving equilibrium between private and public interests. The study shows that PPP goes beyond the limits of normal contract models; it works as a complicated governance system that has long lasting effects on social and economic structures. The results show that how well these partnerships work depends on how well they can adapt to different situations and change with the needs of the global economy.

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Състояние и подходи за усъвършенстване на снабдяването и поддръжката на бойни припаси в Българската армия

Author(s): Marin Glushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

The article presents the results of the study of the organization of the supply and maintenance of the combat ammunition in the Bulgarian Army, based on a methodology developed specifically for the needs of the study. The paper presents an analysis of the current state of the subsystems for supply and maintenance of ammunition as part of the logistics system of the Bulgarian Army. The existing problematic issues are revealed and, on this basis, justified proposals for their solution are formulated and the directions for the improvement of the logistic support system are outlined.

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Law, Language, and Anxiety in Shakespeare

Author(s): Nóra Pethő / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

Drawing on examples from Shakespearean drama, and by combining a linguistic focus with an inquiry into emotions and affect, the present writing identifies the ‘lack of control over meaning’ as one of the crucial points in forming early modern English popular fears of law.

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