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The Influence of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 – 1878 on the Historical Memory of the North Caucasus Peoples

Author(s): Alla S. Kondrasheva,Olga O. Chernyshova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The article takes into consideration two tragic themes connected with the history of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 – 1878: the revolt of the mountaineers in the North-Eastern Caucasus and the process of muhajir emigration that led to the second powerful wave of migrations of North Caucasus peoples to the territories of Ottoman Empire. The interpretation of the memory of these events in Russian and national historiography is analyzed from the point of view of imperial, Soviet and modern traditions. Dominant elements in the collective memory of the North Caucasus mountaineers reflected in historical folklore and poetry are researched. Social problems of “memory” of these dramatic events are analyzed in unity with the politics of “oblivion” – the desire for overcoming the past.

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ИНТЕРДИСКУРСИВНОСТ, ИНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛНОСТ И ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНОСТ ВЪВ ФОРУМНИЯ МЕДИАЛЕКТ

Author(s): Oksana Chervenko,Snezhana VELIKOVA / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This article analyzes the phenomena of interdiscursivity, intertextuality, precedent texts and their functions in the websites forum medialect, which could be described as an online space, where specific language usage related to internet communication is manifested. The main purpose is, firstly, to comment on these functions and, secondly, to analyze their relationship to participants’ linguistic behavior established around a specific news media in the public discourse. By presenting specific solutions, the article discusses the categories of intertextuality, interdiscursivity, precedent texts, and medialect. The illustrations for the analysis are taken from predominantly news-oriented online journalistic websites, and the article analyzes the speech behavior of the participants in the comment section medialect. Based on specific examples, the article draws conclusions about the role of the internet media in the use of the three phenomena and of the manifestations of the cooperative and masking functions performed by intertextuality, interdiscursivity and precedent texts included in the linguistic range of the commentators. The roles of the three categories in the formation of the communicative act and its outcome are commented in terms of topics that are sensitive for both journalists and the commentators of their articles. These are mainly topics that attract multiple comments due to their significance for a group of users or for the whole society, such as ethnic minorities, migration, corruption, political practices, political actors, etc. Furthermore, they manage to provoke the activity, dexterity, originality of the ones taking part in the communicative acts and thus to create favorable conditions to observe web specific linguistic practices; to track specific language usage and the communicative behavior of the addressers in the public space, observable in the internet media.

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СМЯНАТА НА ИМЕНАТА НА БЪЛГАРИТЕ МЮСЮЛМАНИ – ЕДИН КИНОСЮЖЕТ ОТ 90 ГОДИНИ НА ХХ В.

Author(s): Nikolay Papuchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article presents the results from the study of one of the first movie projects concerning changing the names of the Bulgarian Muslims after 1989. Gori, gori, ogunche (Burn, Burn Fire) (1994), scenario – Malina Tomova, director – Rumyana Petkova, shows the picture of the life in Mugla – a small village settled high in the Rodopi Mountain, Bulgaria. In four series, the team created the movie revealing from a number of aspects one of the most painful processes in the Bulgarian history – changing the Turkish or Arabic names of Bulgarian followers of the Islam religion. The narrator’s point of view is presented through the conflict (in the beginning) between the visions of the main character in the scenario – the young female teacher Marina, who comes in the village from one of the biggest Bulgarian cities – on the one hand, and the traditional life and the communist ideology – on the other. In the article, this conflict that transforms the vision of Marina and turns her prejudices into compassion and understanding, is the main entrance into the psychology of the names changing processes and the social mechanisms, used by the people to relieve the pain and trauma. The movie is analysed in the light of the new tendencies in the Bulgarian cinema during the 70-ies – when the scenario was written, and the new political circumstances in the so-called Time of transition – when the movie was created.

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A Feminist Analysis: Sexual Violence in the Bosnian War (1992-1995)

Author(s): Özgenur Çaputlu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its ef-fects on Yugoslavian women. Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its effects on Yugoslavian women.

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Кризата в официалните и народните празници: за казусите от Габрово, Вършец и Кости

Author(s): Georgi Medarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article analyzes the potential of local festivals to serve as an instrument to overcome crises in three particular case studies, namely Gavrovo's Festival of Humour and Satire, Varshets' Resort, Mineral Water and the Balkan Mountains Festival and Kosti's fire dancing. The analysis is based on the results of an empirical research conducted in the summer of 2021 within the project “Local festivals: a resource of local communities for crisis management,” supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund. The main argument is that in all of these cases the festivals cannot be subsumed under the logic of coping with economic underdevelopment. Nevertheless, the festivals have a direct effect on coping with the coronavirus crises both in terms of the practical realization of its irreversibility, as well as in terms of using it as a medium to renegotiate local contradictions and conflicts. Lastly, the article demonstrates the efficacy (and limits) of Bakhtin's theory of the carnavalesque for the understanding of local festivals' role in coping with crises.

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Градските фолклорни и занаятчийски фестивали в контекста на пандемия: случаят на Шумен

Author(s): Tchavdar Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The study presents the results of an empirical research conducted in the summer and autumn of 2021 in the town of Shumen within the project “Local festivals: a resource of local communities for crisis management,” financed by the Bulgarian National Science Fund. The research focuses on a local folklore and folk crafts festival and, in particular, on the way its organizers and guests define the relationship between its economic rationality and symbolic importance at the level of local identity and as a mechanism of social solidarity of the local community. The role of the festival in local cultural policies is also analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the extent to which festivals may play the role of mobilizing community resources to address significant crises – in particular the effects of the global epidemiological crisis surrounding Covid-19.

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Новите градски фестивали: дейности, организатори, бенефициенти и интереси по повод на Капана фест

Author(s): Maya Keliyan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The festivalization of cities and their transformation into „eventful” centers of the postmodern urban lifestyle has been a global trend since the mid-1990s. The aim of the text is to analyze the features of the new city festivals in Plovdiv by analyzing the Kapana Fest, examining their activities, audience, organizers and beneficiaries and reaching conclusions about their socio-economic and cultural significance. Festivals are a crossroads of a number of interests, whose bearers are different socio-group actors – local government, organizers, participants, visitors, business representatives and residents of the local community. The article presents the results of an empirical sociological research carried out using qualitative methods within the project “Local festivals: A resource of local communities for coping with crises”, funded by National Science Fund – Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Bulgaria (KP-06-H45/5 from 30.11.2020). The research approach used is in the thematic field of social stratification, focusing on the socio-group characteristics and interests of the various actors associated with the festivals. The new city festivals are understood as part of the postmodern lifestyle, with its characteristic consumption patterns and leisure patterns. The question whose answer is sought in the text is: who are the winning socio-group actors from the huge social, economic and cultural potential of the Kapana Fest in Plovdiv?

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Местните празници-видимите и невидими ползи за локалните общности: емпиричен поглед

Author(s): Kamelia Petkova Tsvetkova-Nedyalkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the results of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions held in Sadovo, Elin Pelin, Gabrovo, Bolyartsi, Novi Han and Pozharevo within a project “Local festivals: A resource of local communities for coping with crises”, funded by National Science Fund – Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Bulgaria (KP-06-H45/5 from 30.11.2020). The aim of the text is, based on the main essential features and characteristics of local festivals, to prove and derive empirically the importance of “visible” and “invisible” benefits of these events for the preservation of local communities. The various points of view of representatives of local authorities, organizers of local festivals, and representatives of the Roma ethnic community will be presented without claiming to be exhaustive. Numerous studies are available in the literature, focusing on the benefits of holding these events and the various effects they produce on the cultural, social and economic life of local communities. Local festivals in the Bulgarian context, regardless of their thematic focus, in most cases combine the festivities of traditional society, combined with new forms of collective gatherings. In most cases, these events can also be seen as part of the process of building local identities, which draw their resources from what is imagined, reconstructed and argued as local heritage.

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Истории, митове и усещане за място в публичния образ на три фестивала в България

Author(s): Svetlana D. Hristovа / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The object of this study is the public image of three local festivals in Bulgaria: the Festival of Rose in Kazanlak, July Morning in Kamen Bryag and the Festival of Peppers, Tomatoes, Traditional Foods and Crafts in Kurtovo Konare. The public image of the three festivals is decomposed to the following elements for the sake of the analysis: narrative (history, myth), human factor, sense of place and public communication. The methods included participant observations, in-depth interviews, desk research of scientific literature, online and social media. The study revealed that the Festival of Rose in Kazanlak is part of an integrated cultural and tourist product, identified with the good local governance. July Morning in Kamen bryag, once a celebration of an alternative sub-society, has been commercialized towards fragmented (dispersed) festive events which obscured the sense of community and the sense of place affiliated with the initial phenomenon. Local farmers with their inherent sense of identity, agrarian knowledge and willingness to associate at a local level, play a central role in the publicity of Kurtovo Konare Fest. Local festivals share a distinctive feature: striving for the well-being of the local community. The result is an increase in the reputation of the region, attracting of media attention, awakening of the real estate market, spatial rehabilitation, improvement of road infrastructure, expansion of tourism opportunities and strengthening of networks for civic participation. This abstract is based on results within the project “Local Festivals: A Resource of Local Communities for Coping with Crises”, funded by the National Scientific Fund of Bulgaria – Ministry of Education (KP-06-H45 / 5 of 30.11.2020).

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Произход и функции на китайските календарни празници Цинминдзие и Чуняндзие

Author(s): Evelina HEIN / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article analyses the connection between Chinese folk calendar and the fundamental to the whole religious and social tradition of China ancestor worship. With the aim to clarify the role of folk calendar in the formation of the traditional culture, the author makes use of the theory of the Chinese philosopher Li Zehou about the development stages of the mankind evolution and civilization as stages of a process of sedimentation. The article presents two examples with the seasonal festivals Qingming and Chongyang, both dedicated to the ancestor worship. Origin, development and functions of this festivals are traced in the context of the ancestor worship and the culture of the filial piety (xiao), based on the latter. The author uses the Dual Filial Piety Model, developed by Bedford and Yeh and creates a consequent model for describing the functions of the festivals Qingming and Chongyang as a binary complex of corresponding rituals. Thеse rituals are analysed as fulfilling basic psychological and social needs of the members of the Han ethnic community in connection to the specific background of the culture of filial piety (xiao).

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The Image of Russia in Volodymyr Zelensky’s Political Discourse (The First Week of the War)

Author(s): Vilma Linkevičiūtė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article aims at identifying and analysing the image of Russia, its role and functions in the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky’s political discourse in the first week of the war. The research encompasses linguistic and rhetorical means of image formation, such as semantic fields, nominations and conceptual metaphors. The re-search is scientifically relevant because it discloses the image of the aggressor in the political discourse of the leader of an invaded sovereign state. The portrayal of Russia as the invader, aggressor, terrorist and enemy in the president’s daily political dis-course may help him to reach the intended aim – to disclose the real aims of Russia and, personally, Putin to the political leaders of the world, and to encourage them to impose sanctions on Russia and its citizens, and to send military, humanitarian and financial help to the invaded and devastated Ukraine.

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Създаване на първата академична специалност Български език и литература в Турция

Author(s): Zeynep Zafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Russian Language and Literature is among the first foreign philologies established in the officially opened in 1935 Faculty of Languages, History and Geography in Ankara. In 1962 Bulgarian language began to be taught at the Language School of the Land Forces in Istanbul. The forced change of the names of the Turks in Bulgaria in 1984-1985, which caused a deterioration in bilateral relations, delayed the establishment of the planned bachelor's program in Bulgarian language and literature in the early 1980s. Thus, Polish Language and Literature (1987/1988) overtook Bulgarian studies and became the second philological specialty of the Slavic languages, opened at the University of Ankara. 1991 is the birth date of the academic department university specialty Bulgarian language and literature in Turkey, when the first group of students was admitted. For 32 years, it went through various stages of development or stagnation, but retained its status as a specialty. This article aims to present her previously unexplored and unknown history.

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Език на омразата – стратегии на манипулацията: Вестникарската дискусия върху филма „Дунав мост“ (1999)

Author(s): Nikolay Papuchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The focus of the article is on the language of derogation and hate in Bulgarian news-papers published between 1990 and 2000. The study centers around one of the most famous and most discussed serial movies, “Dunav most” (The Danube Bridge). The 7-series visual project is based on Georgi Mishev’s novel and was sponsored by the Bul-garian National Television. Soon after the projection of the first episode started dis-cussion provoked by the most popular newspapers in the country, in which many jour-nalists, experts, political leaders, and citizens took part. The language of publications is a language of derogation and hate directed towards the movie and the “pornogra-phy” shown on it. So-called pornography is expressed in a few scenes with naked ac-tors and one – very popular and most argued - two men in a bed. One of them – a reli-gious man living in a monastery. Bulgarian newspapers manipulated the discussion pointing at that fact and hiding or diminishing the fact that this person had been an officer of former Secret services of the fallen totalitarian regime. The language of hate is paralleled with “the traditional Bulgarian values,” and in that way mass media present the distortion of a post-totalitarian society. Homosexuality is considered as a huge problem of the modern nation, and that is why it must be pointed at and rejected. This language, in fact, provokes readers’ emotions and turns aside attention from economic and social issues controlled by people of former totalitarian police.

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ДОСТОВЕРНОСТ, АВТОРИТЕТНОСТ, ЯСНОТА: ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПАРАМЕТРИТЕ НА ЕКСПЕРТНАТА РЕЧ В МЕДИИТЕ ВЪРХУ НАЧИНА НА ВЪЗПРИЕМАНЕ НА ИНФОРМАЦИЯТА

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article examines the influence of the parameters of expert speech on the trustworthiness, authority and clarity of information in the media. The following parameters of the expert speech, based on research on the specifics of the professional and media register (Halliday 1989, Videnov 2012 and others), in the media texts were observed: presence, adequacy and naming of the sources - expert and informational; presence of professional vocabulary and terminology; complicating the syntactic organization of utterances; presence of international vocabulary and foreign words and expressions; presence of evaluative and expressive vocabulary (metaphors, etc.); use of modal and conditional constructions to distinguish factual from non-factual information; correlation of indicative and retelling forms. A survey was conducted to establish the influence of linguistic facts on the assessment of expert speech in media reports. A survey was conducted on sentences from 14 informational articles selected using the keywords "coronavirus experts". The questionnaire contained 12 multiple-choice questions, grouped into three sections according to the criteria to be measured: trustworthiness (6 questions), clarity (3 questions) and authority (3 questions). The comments establish a different influence of the same language parameters on the sense of trustworthiness, authority and clarity of the content. Their reading depends on the experience, skills and attitudes of the audience to understand the media text.

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Fair Trial for Transitional Justice: The Case of Belene Trial

Author(s): Harun Koçak,Nurcan Özgür Baklacıoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Inspired by the 32-years long Belene trial, the article investigates the impact of deprivation from the right to justice on reaching transitional justice in aftermaths of crimes against humanity. Through bottom-up victims-centered perspective the article digs into the Belene victims’ oral history narratives to find out the impact of this deprivation on the societal contract, victims’ trauma, justice perception of the society and the rule of law. Based on textual analysis of open-ended interviews and narratives of the Belene victims, the article highlights the adverse consequences of neglecting the victims’ right to fair trial and transitional justice and perpetuating impunity, not only impeding justice and healing but perpetuating victimization and corroding societal trust. The sustained denial of victims' rights to a fair trial and access to justice exacerbates historical wounds, erodes the foundations of the justice and collective perception of fairness in the whole society. Beyond legal implications, the deprivation from right to justice affects individuals' psychological and social well-being and overall societal peace. The article emphasizes that transitional justice is a moral imperative, enabling the rebuilding of a peaceful and democratic society on principles of accountability and empathy, especially in the complex and sensitive aftermath of ethnic-based crimes against humanity.

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Mental Asylum as a Social and Political Metaphor in the Cinema from the Two Sides of the Iron Curtain

Author(s): Gergana Doncheva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Applying comparative analysis, the article examines the usage of the mental health institution in two emblematic for American and Bulgarian Cinema films – “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” and “Adaptation”. Despite the fact that the movies were produced in quite different social and cultural contexts, their contents reveal analo-gous critical messages addressed to society during the 1970s: the system tries to domi-nate by making some extraordinary individuals obey the common rules.

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From War Wounds to Welfare: Caring for Albania’s Elderly in the Transition to Socialism (1945 ‒ 1948)

Author(s): Inxhi Brisku / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This article explores Albania’s socialist regime’s efforts in addressing post-war societal challenges, particularly housing impoverished elderly individuals in Shkodër’s nursing home. It highlights disparities in the treatment of the elderly compared to children, focusing on their sacrifices and the neglect of their emotional and cultural needs. Healthcare provisions and cultural neglect within institutions like the nursing home are emphasized, underscoring the regime’s differential treatment of age groups. The article reflects on the regime’s privileging of specific categories, the scarcity of medical professionals, and the emotional and cultural void experienced by the elderly, drawing comparisons to practices during the monarchical regime in Albania.

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Das war eine überaus wichtige Erfahrung, die zeigte, welche Kräfte entstehen können, wenn Jugendliche, die Objekte der „Jugendfürsorge“ waren, selbst darüber bestimmten, wie sie leben wollten. Manfred Kappeler und Anelia Kassabova im Gespräch

Author(s): Manfred Kappeler,Anelia Kassabova / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2024

The text is an interview by Anelia Kassabova with Manfred Kappeler, who is a prominent German social pedagogue and child and adolescent psychotherapist known for his extensive research and advocacy related to the history of residential care for children and adolescent, and the associated societal challenges. Through his critical examination of residential care and his commitment to the rights of former residents, Manfred Kappeler has made significant contributions to social pedagogy and the societal understanding of institutional care. His work is characterized by a deep sensitivity to the experiences of those affected and a relentless pursuit of justice and reform in the social sector. For his contributions to addressing the history of residential care and advocating for the rights of former residents, Kappeler was awarded in 2015 the Federal Cross of Merit in Germany.

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International Scientific Conference on “Transformations of Postwar Europe: Medicine, Bodies and Technologies”, Sofia, May 27-30, 2024

Author(s): Denitsa Nencheva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The review presents the international scientific conference “Transformations of Post-war Europe: Medicine, Bodies and Technologies” which was held in Sofia between 27th and 30th May 2024 as part of the project “Taming the European Leviathan: The Legacy of Post-War Medicine and the Common Good” [H2020 ERC-2019- SyG; GAID: 854503], funded by the European Research Council, under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, and organized by the Medical Anthropology Department at IEFSEM – BAS.

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Ethical Considerations of Online Mystification and Fake News: Good Practices in the Context of the Bulgarian Political Adviser’s Role

Author(s): Angelina Markovska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper explores the functions and responsibilities of the political advisor in the context of the global problem of fake news and post-truth. Based on this exploration, certain conclusions are drawn about the critical specifics of the political advisor's role in transferring good practices within public administration. These practices involve creating mechanisms for detecting fake news and tools for their revelation. The main aim of the paper is to examine the political advisor's position as an institution that, on one hand, manages the flow of information and, on the other hand, facilitates the transfer of good practices in public administration.

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