GENDER PARTICIPATION – GENDER PROTECTION PENDULUM

Author(s): Nermina Jerkovic / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

International law safeguards our universal commons and international peace and security while protecting those the most vulnerable to human rights abuses, such as participants in existing migration towards the European Union. This article aims to shed light on the link between two international law fields: gender equality and the protection of victims of human trafficking among migrants who diverted their journey through the Western Balkan Route embracing Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2018. The research’s relevance is found in statistics from 2018 to 2022 and recent studies on the inadequate protection of migrants from human traffickers and smugglers along the Western Balkan Route. Thus, the article argues that the gender inequality in the law enforcement agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina hinders proper identification and protection of VHT in joint migrations of men, women and children, enabling their further trafficking towards the European Union. The methodological framework includes the desk analysis of the gender mainstreaming legal framework and goes over international and national regulations on combating human trafficking. Qualitative research on the main impediments to the identification of the victims of human trafficking includes responses from NGO practitioners mandated to protect migrants in the temporary reception centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina, highlighting the presence of the VHT among migrants. Research results present the flagship components of migrants’ negligence in reporting human trafficking; one of the principal reasons is their non-confidence in law enforcement agencies, which are seriously discriminated against women regarding participation and management position holding. The article demonstrates the intersectionality of international law focus are as in the gender participation-gender protection pendulum and urges for increased participation of women in the security sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina and enhanced protection of the victims of human trafficking through international law implementation.

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON NORTH MACEDONIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Author(s): Aleksandar Petrovski,Ljupcho Shosholovski,Aleksandar Grizhev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The question of how migration, environment and climate change interact has been a topic of increasing interest in North Macedonia. Estimates of the numbers of people who may be displaced by climate change-related phenomena by 2050 range from 50 million to 1 billion people, with the most cited number, 200 million, being based on projections by Norman Myers in 1995 and 2000 [1]. However, Myers himself has admitted to uncertainty in his estimate and that necessary extrapolations were made due to a lack of available data [1]. Additionally, the high-end estimate, of 1 billion people displaced by 2050, comes from a Christian Aid report [1]. It is acknowledged that climate change will not alone cause conflict, but it is also accepted that it has the potential to exacerbate or catalyze conflict in conjunction with other factors [1]. Examining the impact of migration, environment, and climate change on North Macedonia: a systematic review, the pathway is non-linear, and, in some cases, climate-induced conflict may in turn cause migration [1]. Current research indicates that climate migration will not necessarily increase the risk of conflict, however, linking climate migration to conflict is difficult since the relative importance of climate migration, among the many other drivers, must be determined [1]. All factors involved in the system, which are linking climate, migration and conflict are location dependent, and the relationship between climate change, migration and conflict depends on social, demographic, economic and political drivers [1]. Future research should focus on the local interplay of multiple drivers that influence whether the climate will increase the risk of conflict, and Neo-Malthusian theory suggesting that as populations continue to increase, competition for resources will also increase, and could lead to conflict as the inequalities increase between those in control of resources and those who do not have access [1]. Even though the climate-migration-conflict pathway is viewed as linear and even deterministic in the media, scholars are increasingly cautious when discussing the pathway, and the potential impacts of climate variability and change on migration and conflict will remain an important area of research and policy planning [1].

Проблеми пред развитието на урбанизацията в българските земи под османска власт през ХІХ век (до 1878 година)

Author(s): Ventzislav Muchinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article examines the main problems of the development of urbanization in the Bulgarian lands in the 19th century - of a political and administrative, economic, sanitary-hygienic, epidemic and urban planning nature. The efforts of the Ottoman authorities and the local population to deal with the problems, which hinder the normal functioning of socio-economic life in the Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire, are analyzed. As a result of these efforts, the living conditions in the cities in the Bulgarian lands have improved, their economic and demographic development has been stimulated and the process of urbanization in the region has been activated on the eve of the Liberation of Bulgaria.

„Значиии… Не такова продължение очаквах“. Читатели, коментатори, мрежови интерпретации

Author(s): Albena Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The main topic in the article is a question about the place and role of literature and different technics of interpretation, practiced by the readers. In the focus of the study are 4 novels very popular and representative about Bulgarian mass literature – and especially – about chick lit. The Za edna nosht, Yoga, lyubov i drugi mitove, Triumfat na kuchkite, Triumfat na kuchkite (Prodalzhenieto) provoke wide discussions in social networks. A new term – the social resemblance principle – is forged and used to explain the communicative position of big fan groups of readers, which in the process of literary texts explanation recognize chick lit novels as a description of reality. From that position they argue with the critically oriented readers, raising up fictional models to socially and moral valid norms in the battles for cultural categories interpretation.

ŽENSKO ISKUSTVO U SPREZI TRAUME I ISTORIJE U ROMANU MILOSRĐE

Author(s): Aida Džiho-Šator / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 548/2024

U romanu Milosrđe Toni Morison ispisuje traumatsko iskustvo, kao i stvaranje i rastvaranje veza pet žena u nemilosti američkog kontinenta u sedamnaestom vijeku. Putem bliskog i intimnog iskaza toka svijesti, ona vodi čitaoce u svijet prednacionalne i predrasne Amerike, u svijet beskrajne divljine Novog kontinenta, kada su nacionalni i rasni identiteti kao osjećaji i pojmovi tek nastajali, a žene, bez obzira na boju kože i status u društvu, uvijek bile u nekoj vrsti nepovoljnog i po život opasnog položaja. U često citiranom intervjuu za National Public Radio, gdje je razgovarala sa Lin Nir, Morison ističe da je „željela odvojiti rasu od ropstva, da vidi kako je to moglo izgledati, kako je moglo biti, biti rob, ali van konteksta rasizma, odnosno rasne inferiornosti” (Morrison, 2013). Radnja romana ukazuje na činjenicu da ropstvo i rasizam u Americi nisu postojali od samog nastanka, od njezinih kolonijalnih početaka, već da su, zapravo, nastali tako što su bili konstruisani, podmetnuti, institucionalizovani i na kraju ozakonjeni, a autorka kroz male, lične priče marginaliziranih osoba iscrtava taj put i to s naglaskom na ženskom iskustvu.

Франция и образователната дейност на Ордена на йезуитите в Османската империя (1835-1914)

Author(s): Nikolay Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

From the midst of 30s of the ΧΙΧ-th century to the beginning of the First World War (1914-1918) the Jesuits develop and guide with the active financial and diplomatic support of France and the Vatican multiple educational and religious establishments in the Ottoman Empire, which through the years are transformed into leading propagandists of the French cultural influence and Western values amongst the local population. The Society of Jesus undertakes a major educational activity and manages dozens of primary schools for boys and girls in Syria and Lebanon. Priests manage also the „St. Joseph” University in Beirut, which becomes the most significant educational establishment of the society in the Orient. In the beginning of the 80s years of the ΧΙΧ-th century the missionaries settle in Asia Minor. Following their centuries-old traditions in the field of education the monks organize primary and secondary schools attached to their missions providing for the adolescents in the region the opportunity to reach the accomplishments of the Western Catholic culture.

„Кронос“ като ум и „Афродита“ като душа в античната антропология. Съкрушената душа в съвременното общество

Author(s): Elitsa Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

The purpose of this article is not to clarify the authenticity and various features of Pythagoreanism, but to trace whether it has an influence on different philosophical currents on how the human being is perceived as two incompatible alternatives – as a transitory form of the animal or as a divine creature. The fact is that there is no clear and consensual definition of what constitutes a person. The separation of soul and body in man as two separate entities belonging to different dimensions is also a concept inherited from antiquity. Matter as evil and soul as good has been a philosophical maxim since the time of Pythagoras. Thus, the human being remains outside the unity of nature as torn into two different entities. They relate to the being, matter and time differently. They express his different natures – the low and the high, the small and the large, matter and ether. The interpretation that soul and body are connected only indirectly and that this makes man imperfect is the root of an erroneous but established notion. In this sense, it is important to rethink from a modern perspective where human perfection lies, such as the right to choose and freedom.

Перспективите на живото знание – нова монография, посветена на проблемите на философското и гражданското образование

Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

Lа filosofia morale (1670) на Емануеле Тезауро в книжовните занимания на Неофит Хилендарски Бозвели

Author(s): Nadya Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

This article examines three manuscripts by the Bulgarian Enlightenment figure Neophyte Hilendarski Bozveli, preserved in the archives of the Church- Historical and Archival Institute of the Bulgarian Patriarchate. These manuscripts contain Bozveli’s transcription and translation of La Filosofia Morale (1670) by Emanuele Tesauro, a representative of Baroque literature. Bozveli based his work on the 1764 Russian edition. The analysis of this transcription and translation, influenced by Aristotle‘s Nicomachean Ethics, offers new insights into Bozveli’s role as a thinker and educator, highlighting Aristotle‘s impact on 19th-century Bulgarian culture.

Между политическата реалност и националната памет (Васил Янков и неговата идея за честване 110 години от основаването на Болградската гимназия и 150 години на гр. Болград в НРБългария).

Author(s): Elena Vodinchar / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The following article is an attempt for an analysis of the personality of Vasil Georgiev Yankovand his path to the idea of organizing two initiatives in the city of Sofia during the time of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria: celebrating the 110th anniversary of the founding of the Bolgrad High School (1968) and 150 years of the city of Bolgrad (1972). On the basis of an in-depth study of the documents in the personal archive of Vasil Georgiev Yankov(CSA F.1548K), his various stances and behaviors, which subsequently contributed to the realization of the mentioned cultural events, are traced. The analysis highlights the conclusion that V. Yankov takes up the cause of patriotism, intuitively believing that it is a form of an outlet and, in the name of the family and genial memory, he makes his way “at any cost“ to the reconstruction of the relationship with the Bulgarians in Bessarabia.

Д-р Тошо Дончев на 80 години! Портрет-интервю с юбиляра

Author(s): Ralitsa Savova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Н. А. Куртов, Е. В. Арнаутова, С. И. Георгиева-Митител. Д. Г. Мететелов. Генерал-майор, военен юрист, публицист, 2023.

Author(s): Ivan Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Предоговаряне на наследството между поколенията – традиции и празници в с. Рибново, общ. Гърмен

Author(s): Petya Vasileva – Grueva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

In recent years, the village of Ribnovo, municipality Garmen, has been permanently in the media and research spotlight because of the interest in its preserved traditions, which are presented as a cultural treasure and an integral part of the identity politics of the Muslim community. Their public presentation, among other positives, supports the optimization of social relations between people and social cohesion between generations, which is important for the modern sustainable development of the community. At the same time, changes are also observed. Young people carry out social, educational and labor mobility outside the village of Ribnovo and expand their cultural ideas, which leads to reinterpretations of accepted traditions and values. These reinterpretations are related to the adaptation of wedding customs to the modern vision of the young for relevance, aesthetics and fun. The shedding of certain elements and the introduction of new rituals is necessary to meet the periodic material and spiritual challenges faced by the community. Adapted in this way, the tradition of colorful weddings and „pisani gelini“ helps to harmonize relations, overcome generational differences and renegotiate the inheritance between generations, which allows Ribnovo to save itself from the negative modern trends of depopulation, demographic stagnation and one-way labor migration, characteristic of all settlements remote from large regional centers.

LANGUAGE ECONOMY: ABBREVIATIONS AND EMOJI IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Author(s): Andrijana Kjose,Mira Bekar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The pervasive influence of abbreviations and emoji in social media communication is a subject of contemporary analysis, revealing insights into their multifaceted roles and implications. Abbreviations not only foster brevity and readability but also serve as linguistic markers, signaling group membership and reinforcing social identities (Thurlow and Brown 2003). Emoji enrich textual content by imbuing it with affective nuances and contextual cues, facilitating cross-cultural communication and engendering empathy in online interactions (Derks et al. 2008). Individuals navigate an interplay between linguistic and visual cues, utilizing contextual clues to infer meanings. For this qualitative study, a cohort of 15 participants, both English and Macedonian speakers, engaging in a total of 150 conversations across prominent social media platforms and 10 posts with comments on Reddit, formed a corpus for analysis. . Textual data, were collected from diverse platforms including Viber, Reddit, Instagram, Telegram, Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp. The findings show that 1) participants use abbreviations and emoji for the purpose of language economy and the aforementioned enrich language; 2) expressing emotional states on social media is made easier with abbreviations and emoji. We hope this research will encourage other scholars from various discipline to address this topic from different angles.

Половите стереотипи и нагласи в образованието: преодоляване на предизвикателствата в Румъния

Author(s): Olga Stoyanova-Encheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

This study examines the influence of gender stereotypes and attitudes on educational outcomes in Romania, highlighting the persistent challenges and potential strategies for advancing gender equality in schools. Despite significant progress in other domains, Romanian educational institutions remain affected by deeply rooted gender biases that impact both students’ academic achievements and personal development. The research underscores that these stereotypes shape not only students’ self-concepts and ambitions but also affect teacher expectations and instructional methods. To address these issues, the study recommends a multifaceted approach that includes revising curricula, adopting inclusive pedagogical practices, and launching public awareness campaigns to address and transform entrenched gender biases.

The Success of Philosophy by Umberto Galimberti

Author(s): Nora Goleshevska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Академична почтеност: между нормативна уредба и възприятия за етиката на използването на генеративен ИИ

Author(s): Mariya Chankova,Irena Vassileva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article deals with the issues of using generative AI tools and Large Language Models in education and research from two viewpoints. First, it presents an overview of existing regulatory documents concerning AI tools at the EU level and the lack thereof in Bulgaria. Then it focuses on users’ perception and understanding of AI tools through an overview of available video materials of instructional character, with a special focus on (non)existing ethical concerns, as well as software producers’ perspectives on the affordances and weaknesses of the technology. We conclude that there is an urgent need to create guidelines/rules for the use of AI systems in relevant fields and recommend that the Ministry of Education and Science create guidelines to be implemented by educational and research institutions and publishers.

Етиката като предизвикателство: поглед към медийните текстове

Author(s): Marina Marinova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The text poses the problem of ethics in media communication. Some journalistic articles related to the history of Bulgarian journalism were examined. In parallel, attention is also directed to modern media content. The main idea of the article is to present the problem of journalistic ethics as original and still problematic. As part of the research methodology, a typological parallel was made between old editions of newspapers and today's articles. We see that the problem of journalistic ethics has existed as a key issue in public communication since the very beginning of Bulgarian journalism. In our modern journalism, the ethics of communication (public writing and speaking) is still an issue that our society has not fully resolved.

«“Phthonos” and “nemesis” as the emotions of the human mind»

Author(s): Vukan Slavković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Understanding of the specific meanings of jealousy and envy differs from culture to culture. Some attitudes indicate how a diverse form of base instincts and thoughts, manifested in jealousy, effects below the level of consciousness. In this article are analysed the motives of jealousy, whose multidisciplinarity reflects in the interpretation of this notion from philosophical, psychological, and sociological aspects. The jealousy of some people can be directed at anything they want: professional interests, their friends, even children. This form of jealousy can be characterised as an aggressive attack that, foremost, leads to the commission of a crime, and it is expressed by using violent methods to shed light on relations. In the context of our research, jealousy remains a field of description of a versatile feeling whose motive initiates a willing process and leads to different consequences. The basic form of jealousy is the excitement of a spirit that is not subjugated by reason but initiates unbridled forms of its manifestation.

Паметта на метафоричните форми като познание

Author(s): Hristiyana Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Metaphor can be seen as a metaphysical armature when having in mind its subtlety and its contrast to the ordinary in language. Oppositionally, metaphorizing as a means is used against the well-known, repeatable, literal meanings of the common language. At the least it can be perceived as nonsense, on the contrary, it is beheld as a constitution of compound human cogitation and intellective construction. Metaphor possesses its own tradition of form which is sensed as the semantics memory it is built of. This is of importance when speaking about decoding the metaphorizing whilst interacting via dialogicity. The memory of forms in metaphorizing leads to a fictional meaning and if an alternative perusal occurs, that could only style a mistake. A metaphor is not just a substitution or “saying one thing instead of another”. Essentially, metaphor has its own being and only the literate one could use such in a way that is virtuoso-built whilst using language off the ordinary, but beyond.