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The article engages with several basic features of public values and studies them as a primary field of responsibility of public sector and public administration. Recognizing that public values’ fulfillment is a complex and sometimes controversial process, nonetheless it is accepted that it is the needed common ground for collective action.
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The text examines the legal nature of the science of policy creation – Public Policy Analysis. Public Policy Analysis is what the experts do to determine what is best to be done under the circumstances in solving individual social problem (sometimes very significant) in particular area of life (such as education, health, security, foreign affairs etc.). They recognize as priority the long-term political impact and social consequences of future actions without underestimating the financial parameters, risk etc. of any actions that will be taken. Ultimately, it’s about creating and considering options for future actions which are examined in details in order to find the best among them. Public Policy Analysis has a value- oriented starting point of a particular client and undertakes specific steps to formulate the grounds for a future course of action. Thus, the analysis turns into a professional advice, building logical and practical connection between policy and governance, between self- determination based on values and solving of public problems.
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A rise of interest in issues of heredity and advances in medicine in the nineteenth century resulted in the widespread medicalization of social phenomena. Theories formulated in the field of natural sciences increasingly served as a tool to explain unacceptable patterns of social behaviour, including prostitution which began to be seen as a biologically determined condition. As a main channel for the spread of STDs – some of them potentially transmissible across generations (congenital syphilis) – prostitution became one of the major concerns of medical professionals. Thus, what was previously a sin and an insult to middle-class moral standards, now came to be seen as a health menace to the entire population. In times of increased competition between nation-states, the latter argument played an even more important role, and the ruling elites sought to tighten control over what they perceived as ‘dangerous bodies’. As campaigners against the ‘great social evil’ also analysed prostitutes’ social milieu, discourses on the causes of prostitution were highly confusing. One source of confusion was Morel’s theory of degeneration, in which the author skilfully combined environmental influence with the concept of hereditary pathology. Additionally, some authors still adhered to a much older explanation for social ills. The construction of an evil ‘Other’ – typically unscrupulous Jew – responsible for planting various physical and/or moral ‘plagues’ in a victimized population, thus threatening its biological existence. The fear of deterioration, inevitably leading to extinction, unified proponents of old-style and modernist anti-vice campaigners. This article offers an overview of expert narratives on the causes of prostitution in the early decades of twentieth century Poland.
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The study is focused on the development of advertising in the context of social changes in the US. Its main goal is to point out how advertising reacted to some historical events and important social, economic, political or cultural changes in the US. The study is based on the concept of four crucial moments in the advertising history stated by Holm. He speaks about four phases in the general development of advertising: 1. origins, industrialisation and development, 2. professionalization, consolidation and redemption, 3. manipulation, creativity and globalisation, 4. digital advertising, algorithms and ‘dataveillance’. In this study, the attention is paid to the first phase; however, it is applied to the US historical development and cultural environment. Therefore, the first part of the text points out the nature of advertising from the colonization to the American Revolution; the second and much more extensive part of the study focuses on significant events of the 19th century, which crucially influenced and changed the history of the US, i.e. the Industrial Revolution and the Civil War. Those historical events also affected the ways of promotion; advertising mirrored the situation in society remarkably. The study’s conclusion explains the necessity of regulation and the need for the professional approach towards advertising at the turn of the 20th century.
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This article offers an analysis of the ways creation of a community influences the activity of users expressed in their network behaviour. It has been assumed that a varied choice of used tools and channels of communication characterising societies with a high level of technological development simultaneously influences fragmentation of network communication processes. Inclusive culture of participation becomes limited, which is the result of the degree of engagement of users which influence participation in a virtual community. This leads to their differentiation in relation to content and choice of the used channels during network communication. Another factor limiting participation is also communication activity of administrators of a virtual community who impose the dominating content of messages. The research results are a part of scientific research concerning the role of leaders in network communication as well as the creation of network communities that accompany political protests and demonstrations.
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Social media influencers are winning over the Internet with their outstanding work and presence. Their opinions have a powerful impact on people, especially on young generation. We can mark them as a modern phenomenon that has seen a huge increase in cooperation with marketing agencies over recent years. More and more people are following such influencers so that they do not miss out on their content. Brands flock to such influencers for mentions, reviews and recommendations. Even though influencer marketing is a relatively new strategy, it continues to be a viable solution for marketers who are willing to think outside the box while building relationships with their target market. The aim of the study is to offer a comprehensive reflection on influencer marketing opportunities and determine the impact of influencers on consumer behaviour of Generations Y and Z. We wanted to find out whether influencers, who promote products, can attract potential customers and encourage them for purchase, as well as find differences between the given consumer generations. In order to meet the objectives of the study, own research was conducted (459 respondents from the Slovak Republic belonging to Generations Y and Z were involved in the inquiry). The research findings confirm that there are significant differences between the above-mentioned consumer generations in the area of impact of influencers on consumer behaviour, which leads to different marketing opportunities. For statistical processing of the results, we used the Kruskal-Wallis Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Fisher’s Exact Test and Dunn’s Test of Contrasts.
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Intensive financial investments in marketing communication of museums are connected, in parallel, to their visual presentation as well as to strengthening the communication efficiency toward public. However, the unresolved question remains whether these finances are spent effectively or rather whether the communication strategy plan attracts the adequate target audience. How many visitors did react to a given campaign? Unfortunately, there is no single and definite answer on how to measure the efficiency of marketing communication in museums. The aim of the study is to use the Data Envelopment Analysis method to introduce a model for helpful assessment of the marketing communication efficiency within museums. While searching for the solution, we were inspired by the production economics, from which we chose the statistical method of Data Envelopment Analysis. This allowed us to evaluate the efficiency of production units and also to identify inefficiencies. In the public and non-profit sector, this methodological approach appears very rarely, and according to our findings, it has not been applied yet in the museum sphere in Slovakia.
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The essay focuses on the intersemiotic relationship of film and theatre that inevitably forces a metatextual dialogue of these semiotic systems in artworks. We have chosen the play-element of art to be the centre of our theorising, because we assume that it is often a significant interpretational key to the metatextual dialogue of multiple arts. These metatextual dialogues might be compared to ‘artistic games’. They mix multiple ‘artistic games’ and experiment with the combination of their principles and rules. They are metatextually explaining the rules of ‘artistic games’ during these experiments by revealing the hidden and hiding the obvious. They try to bend some rules and break some rules without spoiling the ‘game’. We observe the types of the play principle in these arts and then we describe behaviour of these semiotic systems through the opposition of recursion and equifinality. We extract models of the theatre fractal and the film net, verifying the legitimacy of this point of view via an analysis of the film Being John Malkovich.
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We are largely surrounded by increasingly complex technical systems. These systems often border on the absurd even though they rely on logical and physical reality. This is because they move away from the “logical efficiency”of natural forms. This text approaches some specific aspects of entities which are achieved by human beings,i.e. those connected to their “formative structure”.I emphasize that the aesthetics and the functions of such products are determined by the consonance between the formative structure and a natural structure, and I called this “architectural thinking”. As an example, I consider the well-known “golden number” found both in the human body and in artistic and technical products such as Parthenon.Two questions which thistext addresses are: What is a “formative structure”? How can the consonance, or harmony, between such structure and that of a “natural” one be approached?
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The article discusses two public events related to Christmas, and one related to New Year’s Eve, based on participant observation, media review and interviews with all members of two families as case studies. It confirms the initial hypothesis that in recent years the private space of the home has increasingly opened to the public space.For the purposes of comparison, the traditional way of celebrating the two festivals is traced back and is compared to the public events related to these holidays today and the interview data. The article shows that the dynamics of private and public has changed seriously for the last 20 years, and public events related to Christmas and New Year enjoy a large number of visitors and are extremely successful, which confirms the starting hypothesis about the opening of private space increasingly towards the public one.
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The aim of this paper is to show communication and cultural aspects of transformations of the language of politics which took place as the result of the impact of development of media technologies and social processes of 20th century, which have formed public doscourse. The analysis describes the phenomenon of the language of politics or—widely—political communication in the context of mass media. Using the elements of content analysis method, the author made the attempt to analyse and interpret historical material. Analysed media content, which senders were the major politicians of the epoch of Second Polish Republic, as well as their attitude towards new media of that time. Giving the analysis of the political discourse of the epoch, and reflecting on differencies in communication process at the beginning of the rebirth of Polish state in comparing to the contemporariness, the paper was the attempt to indicate the tendencies of transformations of political communication and the language of politics, which appeared in 20th century and to some extent survived up to these days, even if the media and technologies of dissemination of information and political autopresentation have changed.
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My goal in writing this article is not so much to provide a synthetic description of the basic directions of transformation of modern Polish brought on by globalisation, but to indicate the most important effects of the Americanisation of Polish in the 21st century. In general, one tangible effect of globalisation on the Polish language is on one hand to the borrowing of Anglo-American lexemes, phrases, or word order (e.g. sport telegram, play lista, radio reklama). On the other hand there is the adaptation of internationally used Anglo-American terms (e.g. roaming – pol. roamingowy, SMS – pol. esemesik, esemesek, esemeśnik, esemesiara), as well as increasing the range and number of composite words by creating new structures based on borrowed words (e.g. derivatives with the prefix cyber-, e-, euro-, sex-, narco-). The authors of the canon linguistic works see the most important causes of borrowing from American English into Polish in: comfort, frequency of occurrence and use of Anglo-American vocabulary, the need to name new designates and terms, the dominance of English in business and its prestige. The predicted effects of the Americanisation of Polish include: a fashion for such borrowings, adaptation of an American point of view and cultural signifiers, carnivalisation of culture and “Ponglish” (P. Korcz, M. Matulewski, “Wpływ globalizacji na powstanie polsko-angielskiego pidżynu zawodowego,” Język. Komunikacja. Informacja 2006, no. 1, pp. 83-84).
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Pro Caecina is a speech delivered by M. T. Cicero on behalf of A. Caecina in a civil case concerning the ownership of a farm near Tarquinii. Caecina had inherited this farm from his wife Caesennia, but her former agent, Sextius Aebutius, attempted to claim ownership. This speech was made (usually dated to 69 BC) at the end of a series of actions between Caecina and Aebutius concerning the farm. Cicero explains the history of the situation in the opening of his address in order to demonstrate the reasonableness of Caecina's actions.
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Circumcision is a surgical practice. It is usually practiced for male and sometimes for female in some countries; but female circumcision isn’t common in comparison with male circumcision. Circumcision was practiced by different communities in the past and was accepted as a religious ritual by these nations. Circumcision in Jewish is a covenant with Rabb and Jews so all jews have to circumcise their all sons. Circumcision in Cristianity is accepted as the spiritial cleanliness so they don’t do surginal practice. Cimcumcision among Muslims always is practiced to male but to female in somewhere not by all muslims. Because there are diffirent opinions among Islamic jurists. However circumcision is accepted as a good custom by most of muslims. As known that firstman who was circumcised the Messenger Abraham. After the Messenger Abraham circumcised his sons called İsmail and İshak with the command of God. Circumcision is accepted as medical for male according to most of specialist doctors but not medical for female.
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Review of: HODENT, C.: The Gamer’s Brain: How Neuroscience and UX Can Impact Video Game Design. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. 250 p. ISBN 978-1-498-77550-2.
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