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The purpose of this study is to present theoretical and contemporary views on children's emotional and social development in the period between 4 and 6 years. Some interrelationships between the emotional and social spheres during overall development are also discussed. The possibilities and characteristics of children's communications are also being discussed including also in the context of group work. This article provides a discussion of children's abilities to express their emotions and feelings and how they distinguish emotional states in others and themselves.
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Wprowadzenie: Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny. Motywacja osiągnięć pełni znaczącą rolę w życiu człowieka i jest określana jako potrzeba realizowania czynności dla podnoszenia standardów. Podlega oddziaływaniom potrzeb i wartości oraz ma związek z rodzajem czynników motywujących jednostkę do działania zmierzającego do osiągnięcia celu. Cel badań: Celem podjętych badań jest poznanie zmian zachodzących w okresie pandemii COVID-19 w zakresie motywacji osiągnięć w grupie licealistów. Metoda badań: Badania mają charakter ilościowy. W celu udzielenia odpowiedzi na sformułowane pytania badawcze posłużono się wystandaryzowanym Inwentarzem Motywacji Osiągnięć autorstwa H. Schulera, G.C. Thomtona, A. Frintrupa i M. Prochaski w wersji polskiej. Obszarem jego zastosowania są badania nad osobowością i motywacją, w nawiązujące do problemów motywacyjnych. Wyniki: Pandemia miała istotne znaczenie w zmianie poziomu motywacji osiągnięć młodych ludzi w wyniku edukacji zdalnej, ograniczenia kontaktów bezpośrednich i zaprzestania lub ograniczenia pewnych aktywności. Badania wykazały, że okres pandemii i związana z nią deprywacja miała znaczenie dla niektórych aspektów motywacji osiągnięć. Wnioski: Osoby, u których zaobserwowano wzrost poziomu motywacji pod koniec pandemii cechowały się wyższym poziomem motywacji osiągnięć przed pandemią w porównaniu z osobami, które uzyskały niższy poziom motywacji osiągnięć pod koniec pandemii.
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Wprowadzenie: Badania dotyczące kompetencji percepcyjnych osób młodych w obszarze muzyki artystycznej oraz określenia roli wieku jako ich predyktora prowadzone są rzadko. Ich wyniki mogą przyczynić się do podjęcia wielozakresowych działań, w szczególności koniecznych reform w systemie powszechnej edukacji muzycznej. Szkoła bowiem pozostaje jedynym miejscem, w którym systemowo i wieloetapowo kształtuje się kompetencje dotyczące tego gatunku muzyki.Cel badań: Celem badań było określenie poziomu, na jakim ukształtowane zostały percepcyjne kompetencje muzyczne osób młodych w okresie adolescencji i wczesnej dorosłości w zakresie muzyki artystycznej. Istotnym zamierzeniem było również ustalenie ich związku z wybranymi uwarunkowaniami, spośród których wyodrębniono wiek, aby określić, czy jest on zmienną, która różnicuje poziom tych kompetencji.Metoda badań: W badaniach zastosowano strategię ilościową i metodę testu.Wyniki: Wiek badanych zróżnicował statystycznie całościowy wynik testu oraz jego poszczególne zakresy – identyfikację epok stylistycznych w muzyce, stylu kompozytora, instrumentów i głosów oraz znajomość literatury muzycznej. Wyższe wyniki uzyskali młodzi dorośli.Wnioski: Badani wykazali się znacznymi deficytami w zakresie słuchowej identyfikacji istotnych aspektów muzyki artystycznej. Poziom analizowanych kompetencji uznano za niski. Wiek okazał się czynnikiem istotnie różnicującym wyniki testu na korzyść osób ze starszej grupy wiekowej. Badania wskazują, że powszechna edukacja muzyczna wymaga transformacji.
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A unique story of courage in times of chaos. An excerpt from the memoirs of Tadeusz Morawski, owner of an estate in the Mazovian village of Mała Wieś, who, during World War II, together with the residents of the Grójec region, undertakes risky actions to outwit the occupiers and create a substitute for a normal life in a world affected by the disintegration of the
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The film The Little Mermaid and the series Rings of Power and House of the Dragon drew public attention in 2022 to the trend of increasing racial diversity among the main protagonists in films and TV series over the past decade. What is common to these productions is that they are all new adaptations of globally popular book-toscreen adaptations, and in all three, the main protagonists were Black compared to the original adaptations featuring a White cast. After the audience noticed the changes in the cast, various discourses were promoted in the public sphere, some of which welcomed the changes while others viewed them as unscrupulous revisionism that should be boycotted. In order to contribute to the public debate on this topic, this paper will utilise psychological theories and empirical evidence to support the thesis that a diverse cast can contribute to a moderate reduction in average racial prejudices in a global White audience. According to the vicarious contact hypothesis, the White audience, based on observing the positive intergroup contacts that Black Ariel makes with White characters, can conceptualize the possibilities of establishing better intergroup contacts in their own lives. According to the mere exposure effect, it is beneficial for the White audience to be simply exposed to Black actors, and according to the parasocial contact hypothesis, what’s beneficial is the intense, hours-long relationship with specific actors or characters mediated through the screen. One obstacle to the claim that the aformentioned studies support the thesis is that in registered average reductions in prejudices, there are always participants who show a significantly greater shift than the average, as well as those for whom there is no change. The thesis is futher supported with situated understanding of narrow White publics that can use the Black Ariel to meaningfully shape their intergroup experiences beyond the screen. I have considered two possible audiences. The first audience is immersed in the meanings of woke culture, which offers a certain number of discourses through which they can position themselves regarding the Black Ariel. I argued that this audience will not conceptualize a diverse cast as a resource to improve their intergroup contacts, only to possition themselves in the discourse of structural rasicm. The second audience will consume these revised contents merely as traditional cultural elements, even as common-sense elements of natural reality, making it easier for Black Ariel to subsequently become an implicit or explicit symbolic resource for the audience to shape better intergroup experiences beyond the screen.
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This text analyzes the position and potential of substandard Roma settlements to be participants in a just energy transition and thereby reduce the risk of energy poverty, in order to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of substandard Roma settlements. Serbia is facing a new transition, which this time will be an energy transition, a transition from a system in which non-renewable sources are dominantly used for energy production to a system based on the use of renewable energy sources. The experiences of the economic transition show that the number of “losers“ of this transition was significantly higher than the number of those who profited from it. In order not to repeat such a situation with the energy transition, it is necessary to introduce fairness and social sensitivity in its implementation, in order to protect the poorest citizens who are at risk of energy poverty and who are potential losers of the energy transition. If realized in a timely manner and with social sensitivity, a fair energy transition could enable the transition to renewable energy sources and thereby reduce the effects of climate change, while improving the quality of life of all people, with an emphasis on those in the most marginalized positions.
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In Serbia, several projects which can be characterized as mega-projects are currently being implemented. The implementation of mega-projects can serve as a means of consolidation of neoliberal authoritarianism, (re)centralization, and significant degradation of the institutional system protecting the public interest in planning, or the degradation of the public’s right to participate in decision-making. As a “proto-democracy,” Serbia is particularly vulnerable to the harmful socio-economic consequences of implementing this mechanism of urban development. This systematic literature review explores the scientific knowledge on the planning and implementation of mega-projects in Belgrade and Serbia, contributing to understanding the impact of mega-projects on the transformation of the institutional framework of urban planning in Serbia. The results of the content analysis of twelve articles are presented through criteria related to the social context of implementing mega-projects in Serbia, namely through an analysis of mechanisms ensuring the legitimacy of mega-projects in Serbia, methods and consequences of decision-making, the relationship between the state and investors (politics and big capital), benefits of mega-projects, and an analysis of mechanisms to control the negative effects of implementing mega-projects. As a result of critical comparative analysis of the literature, possible further research directions have been proposed towards determining the existence of any differences in planning and implementation of mega-projects regarding the origin of the main investors, considering the political and social circumstances that make Serbia and the Balkans strategically important in the global redistribution of political and economic influence. Also, there is an indication of the need to expand the scope of research to include any mega-projects planned after the start of the implementation of the Belgrade Waterfront project, to contribute to determining the real character and longterm consequences of the mechanisms activated for the purpose of implementing the Belgrade Waterfront project on the transformation of the institutional framework of planning in Serbia.
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The article compares the content of traditional religious prohibitions concerning theuse of any type of aggression against one’s neighbour in the Old Believers’ environmentwith modern social standards of moral behaviour protected by law and understood asinalienable fundamental human rights. The study is based on the material excerptedfrom a manuscript from the collection of the former Monastery in Wojnowo, in Mazury(Poland). The selected manuscript consists of texts that served to perform the Orthodoxrite of penance, therefore it contains several penance-related questions. Such questionsabout the committed sins asked by the confessor reminded the believers of what sins were.Apart from questions related strictly to religion, there were also those about communitymembers’ norms of behaviour, which referred to prohibitions concerning certain behavioursand words regarding other community members. Such questions were repeated multipletimes during every liturgical year during each penance and they shaped the believers’concepts of family and social relations and served to improve their worldview. Aggression,expressed in the use of physical force and uttering swear words against family members,neighbours and even household animals, resulted in the need for penance to be imposed:from daily obeisance and strict fasting to the prohibition to participate in the life of the community. The texts from the manuscript describe various forms of punishment foreach committed sinful act. The presented content exemplifies the normative-educationalfunction of religious rites considered in the historical perspective.
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The murder of the mayor of Gdańsk Paweł Adamowicz in 2019 and its circumstances formed the topic of many media reports. These events released strong emotions and reactions. The image of Adamowicz constructed by the media immediately following his death was virtually irreproachable, these positive reports being connected with the so-called taboo of death. Over the following years, one of the main topics of the discourse became the question of the moral responsibility for the mayor’s death. The authors of this article concentrate on rhetorical strategies of portraying the protagonists in the media coverage, utilising concepts including those of Robert Rowland. The daily press (“Gazeta Wyborcza”, “Rzeczpospolita” and “Dziennik Zachodni”) and socio-political weekly publications (“Wprost”, “Newsweek”, “Polityka”, “Sieci” and “Do Rzeczy”) are analysed.
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The topic of socio-political activity as a factor that proves the dynamic development of civil society and the political maturity of society is an issue that is always topical in research. When we add the issue of changing the forms of expression and rhetoric of protest in connection with the political involvement of subsequent generations, we see that it enriches and forever changes the narrative about the actions of those in power. This article focuses on events related to the announcement of the Constitutional Tribunal’s judgement of 22nd October, 2020, regarding the unconstitutionality of some provisions of the so-called “abortion compromise”. This led to a wave of protests by Polish society. Thanks to the involvement of young Poles, the radicalisation of language, but also the creativity of slogans, the protests became much more visible and media-related. They permanently changed and enriched the repertoire previously used by demonstrators.
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In an era defined by growing sustainability challenges, public administration has a pivotal role in addressing these issues. The convergence of public administration, blockchain technology, and sustainable development initiatives and challenges is at the forefront of smart governance practices. This article explores the intricate interconnections between these domains, shedding light on the transformative potential of blockchain technology in enhancing the transparency, efficiency, and accountability of public administration while promoting, at the same time, main sustainability goals. Through an analysis of scholarly insights and some practical implementations, the article highlights the benefits, challenges and strategic considerations associated with this synergy. It underscores the need for collaborative, cross-sectoral efforts and comprehensive policy frameworks to leverage blockchain’s potential for fostering smart governance practices. The crucial questions that should be answered concern how the digitalisation of public information and use of advanced ICT have reshaped the public administration sphere, and how they influence the implementation of the idea of sustainable development. Ultimately, the article emphasises the pivotal role of blockchain – public administration interdependence in shaping a more resilient, accountable, and environmentally conscious model of public management, aligned with the global sustainable development agenda.
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This article refers to selected narrative axes surrounding the teaching profession. Against the background of organisational and legal aspects as well as the social perspective, the opinions of preschool and early school teachers about their professional work are presented. In order to gain insight into teachers’ points of view, in 2022 a diagnostic survey was conducted in which 63 teachers of preschool and early school education participated. For the purposes of this research, hypotheses were formulated relating to the level of teachers’ satisfaction with their work, remuneration as one of the key factors of job satisfaction, the phenomenon of professional burnout and teachers’ perception of their profession in terms of social mission. The results did not confirm the dominance of low professional satisfaction among teachers. They also indicated that the remuneration is not a factor determining its occurrence. The assumption that professional burnout is a common phenomenon among teachers was not confirmed, and furthermore, it is not a problem that only affects teachers with great professional experience. At the same time, most of the teachers surveyed agreed with the statement that their profession was a vocation.
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Univerzitet u Novom Sadu je od 19. do 23. februara 2024. godine bio domaćin zimske škole naslovljene Rod i nasilje, u kojoj su učestvovale studentice i studenti viših godina osnovnih i master studija iz Hrvatske, Bosne i Hercegovine, Crne Gore i Srbije. Pored domaćina, u organizaciji su učestvovali i Laboratorija za istraživanja roda u sklopu Instituta za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju Univerziteta u Beogradu, TPO fondacija i Univerzitetski gender resursni centar (UNIGeRC) Univerziteta u Sarajevu. Zimska škola je za zadaću imala vrlo ambicioznu namjeru: da na interaktivan i interdisciplinaran način postavi temelje za propitivanje roda, nasilja, te odnosa između ova dva pojma, ali i načina za problematizaciju i destabilizaciju društveno normalizovane pojave rodno zasnovanog nasilja.
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Review of: Damir Smiljanić, Biće od trske: antropologija u sinestetičkom pogledu, Adresa, Novi Sad, 2020.
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The original concept of the social work institution has justified its name not only through providing direct social services to users and their families, but also through initiating and organizing various activities in local communities. This affirmative role of the centers for social work has contributed to quicker adoption of legal recommendations. Further development and organization of professional work in the centers for social work have been crucial in the realization of the stipulated functions. Since 1981, these centers have assumed the entire mediation process between spouses, and recently they have also included working with refugees and their families. Having in mind the pronounced crisis, it is necessary to introduce new methods and processes of work for the social service to function more efficiently. The centers for social work are increasingly becoming key institutions that provide support not only in the resolution of traditional social problems, but also in facing new challenges such as digital inequality, mental health, family violence and other forms of social crises. Such extension of activities also requires continued improvement of social workers’ capacities, adjustment of the work methodology and establishment of cooperation with other relevant institutions in order to respond adequately to increasingly complex needs of the users of social work services. The paper elaborates the fact that the centers for social work, due to technical, technological, economic, migrant and other changes, show that changes in the organization and functioning of their services are also justified. Apart from individual work with users and their families, it is also necessary to protect more individual users of social protection and to determine common reasons, besides personal ones, which have led to the need for protection and the application of social action at the level of local and broader communities. Moreover, it is necessary to affect the causes leading to a certain social issue and to prevent its further expansion. The analysis points to the need for strengthening professional and organizational capacities in the centers for social work, taking into account the increasing number of users and the scope of work. This includes a larger number of professional workers (social workers, psychologists, pedagogues), having in mind the newly-introduced authorities and increased complexity of jobs. There is an evident staff turnover in the centers for social work, partly due to the natural fluctuation caused by retirement, but also due to other reasons, which aggravates timely action and task performance within the legally prescribed deadline.
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This paper focuses on the perception of nature and the natural, which I marked as an ideological viewpoint and will analyze as such. I have based my research on the following sources: different platforms of internet communities connected by the desire to “return to nature” and interviews from the field research in Western Serbia that I have been conducting continuously since 2018. The goal of the paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the concept of “living in harmony with nature” and the impact that this idea has had on different aspects of the community’s social and political life.
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The article is devoted to the development of language complexity in a relatively under-researched area of adolescent writing from the point of view of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST). It describes the second part of a panel study which aimed to examine the relationships among the average semester growth rates (ASGRs) of specific measures of syntactic and lexical complexity within and between these two subsystems in writing in English as a foreign language at the secondary school level. The study involved the analysis of The Written English Developmental Corpus of Polish Learners (WEDCPL). The corpus, which comprises over 1900 essays, was created on the basis of 21 repeated measurements conducted in a group of 100 secondary school learners during a period of three years. With respect to the specific measures of syntactic and lexical complexity, the study indicated that nominalization developed faster than subordination and coordination, and that lexical variation developed faster than lexical density and sophistication per semester. Moreover, the relationships between the ASGRs of both syntactic and lexical measures were more supportive within than between the subsystems. The main pedagogical implication for English language teachers refers to fostering more coordinated development of language complexity at secondary school in the EFL context.
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The article provides an innovative model of poetics (or isms, styles, etc.) in Czech prose in the latter half of the long 19th century. It gives an overview of seven individualized and mutually distinct poetics, including ideal, analytical, and psychological realisms, Parnassism, naturalism, impressionism, and decadence. The individual poetics do not represent periods, but exist in parallel, allowing confrontations and intersections either within the author’s work or in a specific text, as in the model of Czech literature developed by Dalibor Tureček in the past decade. They are always set in the context of European literature and supported by many illustrative examples. The model is not only typological, but also assumes a diachronic perspective, which can be developed in future scholarly work on the history of Czech literature. The aim is to create a system that can potentially be applied not only to Czech fiction, but possibly also to poetry or drama, in other periods and literatures. Part Two of the article concentrates on psychological realism, Parnassism, naturalism, impressio- nism, and decadence.
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