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Kulturní a vědecký transfer mezi českými zeměmi a Evropou na příkladu našich nejstarších krajinářských parků a jejich tvůrců

Author(s): Filip Binder / Language(s): Czech Issue: 48/2022

The article deals with the oldest landscape parks created at the end of the 18th and early 19th centuries in the Czech lands, and uses the example of foreign cultural and natural science influences that played an important role in their creation. The text focuces primarily on travel as a means of conveying fashionable trends, or on literature, which had the same function and also provided an opportunity to learn about the ideas of landscape theorists. The study deals mainly with the influence of Great Britain, the Holy Roman Empire and Germany on the landscape design in the Czech lands.

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Ciało „żywe” – ciało sprotetyzowane. Perspektywa współczesnej humanistyki antropologia rekonstrukcji

Author(s): Marta Leśniakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

An analysis of two studies of cases of bodily war experiences. One of the most important anti-war motion pictures is Johnny Got His Gun (1971), directed by Dalton Trumbo and based on his novel (1939). Due to the loss on the World War I front of his limbs, face, hearing, sight, and smell, the protagonist – a living shell – finds himself in an American hospital where he becomes the object of medical experiments, deprived by physicians of a right to euthanasia. A reference to the story appears in the activity of the American sculptor Anna Coleman Watts Ladd (1878–1939), who under the impact of her wartime experiences established Studio for Portrait-Masks, making prosthetic masks for the disfigured faces of soldiers. By analysing the problem of bodies outfitted with prosthetics, especially artificial faces conceived as tableaux vivants and confronting us with the human and the inhuman, the article deals with the question of power analysed from the perspective of neuroaesthetics, biopolitics, and the anthropology of reconstruction. In this case the author accepted the point of view of Gadamer, who in order to obtain simultaneous perception also from the vantage point of history as art discarded traditional aesthetics in order to indicate a direction of research focused on the manner of the existence of the image as an ontological event, and thus exceeding aesthetic awareness.

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Zapach malarstwa – zapach sztuki (sensuous theory)

Author(s): Marta Leśniakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The affective dimension of experience conceived as a factor organising the psyche is an essential current of the new humanities which accept the “sense-centric“ and multi-sensory perspective derived from French existential phenomenology and based on neuroaesthetics and osmosociology. It resolves the question concerning the manner in which assorted artistic practices are received as a direct multisensory experience upon successive stages of the origin and functioning of art – from the artist’s studio, where art is produced, to the museum/gallery, where it is presented. For the first time in Polish literature the text analyses the participation of scent in the creation and perception of painting by engaging the sensuous theory (Vivian Sobchack) devised by so-called film studies 2.0. The author cites numerous statements made by artists and recipients of art dealing with this theme as well as fragments of the belles lettres, at the same time indicating contemporary art and exposition practices based on scent as well as most recent scientific research (library of the scents of historical objects).

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„Никой не ме обича“ в контекста на юношеското разбиране за родителска любов в полето на асоциалността

Author(s): Doroteya Duneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Adolescence is a period of rapid physiological and psychological changes. The transformation of the child into an adolescent puts the entire family system to the test. This is a time of examination of what has been done in terms of education by the parents, of their authority, ways of communication, and emotional connection. Despite the demonstrated withdrawal of grown children and the dominance of peer relationships, parents are and remain the force that provides support, acceptance, and understanding. When, for various reasons, this does not happen, the adolescent feels angry, confused, and very lonely, and could find an opportunity for appreciation and recognition in destructive antisocial decisions.

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Perceived Paternal Acceptance–Rejection among Female Survivors of Domestic Violence

Author(s): Nadia Koltcheva,Petya Milcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study examines the relationship between perceived paternal acceptance–rejection in childhood and the tendency to engage in abusive relationships in female adults. The sample consisted of 60 adult females aged 23–58 (M=37.95; SD=8.102): 30 survivors of domestic violence and 30 randomly selected participants. The data were collected through self-assessment questionnaires: (1) Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire/Control (mother and father versions); and (2) Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire. The results show that perceived paternal and maternal rejection in childhood is significantly higher in female survivors of domestic violence than in the control group. The female victims also perceived their fathers as significantly more rejecting than their mothers. The level of psychological adjustment correlates positively with the perceived acceptance by both parents. The results are discussed within the framework of IPARTheory.

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Казусът – инструмент за обучение и развитие в предприемачеството

Author(s): Ivan Stoyanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The case study is an interesting and multifunctional method for developing and acquiring new knowledge. It makes a direct link between practice and theory with the presentation of real-life facts and data. The flexible form on the other hand makes it preferred by young people. The case study as a tool will acquire an increasingly important role in education and in the human resource development process. Entrepreneurship generates case studies in itself. The dynamics of entrepreneurial processes and the purpose of the pre-entrepreneurial object are most easily grasped through case studies.

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Промени ли пандемията от COVID-19 влиянието на лихвените проценти върху търсенето на потребителски кредити?

Author(s): Sergey Borisov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This study aims to examine the relationship between interest rates and the demand for consumer loans, as well as how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced it. With the methodology of the statistical correlation analysis, using official data from the Bulgarian National Bank, the changes in the time series are analyzed within a time period covering 66 months, divided proportionally before and after the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion which the research leads to is that it cannot be asserted with a high percentage of certainty that there is a statistically significant relationship between interest rates and consumer loan demand on the consumer credit market in Bulgaria.

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Вътрешният предел на психологията като нейно онтологично начало, с позоваване на метакси на Ерик Фьогелин

Author(s): Nikifor Avramov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The inquiry aims at the crafting of an understanding about the limit of contemporary psychology through the lens of an idea about a fundamental science of the soul. The development of this science is primordially framed in the metaphysics of antiquity. The understanding of Eric Voegelin regarding a noetic breakthrough of consciousness – which, not by chance, coincides with that same framing, as a deepening of the motive of psyche – grounds the inquiry of a present thinking through of this science of the soul. The latter appears here as a critical background for contemporary psychology. In addition, I consider Voegelin’s metaxy as pointing to that, through which psychology would find a way towards what is inherent in it via its being defined by the named noetic breakthrough. The reaching of this depth by psychology, as its own, I consider as its inner, that is, its structuring limit.

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Reeducarea tulburărilor specifice de articulare a vorbirii determinate de dezechilibru muscular orofacial cu ajutorul terapiei logopedice miofuncționale

Author(s): Elena Lăcrămioara Buzzo / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Phonetic disorders are errors of articulation and resonance of phonemes, which, in the presence or absence of organic changes in the phonoarticulatory organs, persist beyond the acquisition of perceptual and articulatory skills.For the correct production of each vowel/consonant, the structures of the articulatory apparatus come into contact in a variable way, following finely coordinated movements, and adopt a certain position to allow the correct emission of the sound.Orofacial muscle imbalances and disorders are disorders of the muscles and functions of the face and mouth. These can directly and/or indirectly affect breastfeeding, growth and development of the facial skeleton, mastication, swallowing, resting position of the tongue, speech- phonemic articulation, occlusion, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements, oral hygiene, stability of orthodontic treatment, facial aesthetics and others.The correct swallowing mechanism depends on the correct relationship between the muscles of the face, mouth and pharyngo-laryngeal region, but also on a balance of the entire body system.Another important element that must be taken into account, in particular, is the resting position of the tongue. Dysfunctional swallowing - refers to a condition in which there is an alteration of the mouth-lingual movements in the act of swallowing.Balancing the oro-facial musculature through education - re-education of deviant swallowing, breathing and mastication difficulties, phonatory verbal articulation alterations, malocclusion and painful symptoms of the temporomandibular joint, in different age groups is done through TMF (Myofunctional Therapy).Myofunctional therapy can lead to stable correction of swallowing abnormalities, with positive effects for correcting speech articulation disorders.

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Procesul de depistare al elevilor cu tulburări de limbaj în Carolina de Sud

Author(s): Ștefania Filip / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This presentation focuses on the process for the initial evaluation of students with speech-language impairment. An initial evaluation involves the use of a variety of assessment tools and strategies to gather relevant functional, developmental, and academic information to assist in determining if the child is eligible for special education services. There is a three-pronged question for eligibility: (1) whether the student is a child with a disability and by reason thereof, (2) has an educational impact and (3) requires direct services. Evaluations must also determine the present levels of academic achievement and functional performance.This shifts the focus of the initial evaluation from the determination of eligibility for services to the determination of what the child needs to enable him/her to learn effectively and to participate and progress in the general education curriculum.

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Wolność w horyzoncie posttotalitarnym

Author(s): Agnieszka Matusiak,Andrzej Polak,Monika Wolting / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The authors of this sketch are drawing a panorama of the potential interpretational aspects of understanding the category of freedom in the societies of the post-communist part of Europe. At the same time, they attempt to define the horizon for finding the answer to the identity-forming question that is key for this georegion, i.e. about the essence and the specificity of processes, phenomena and mechanisms of emancipation of culture and societies of post-totalitarian European countries from the legacy of World War II, and particularly its post-Yalta consequences which embedded the countries and nations of Central, East and South-East Europe in the sphere of imperial subordination of Soviet dominance for nearly another half a century.

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Ile to już utopii przeżyliśmy przez 75 lat, a myślenie utopijne wciąż ma się nieźle!

Author(s): Karol Sauerland / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The author tries to figure out how many utopian visions he has witnessed in the last 75 years.

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Między zachodnim kolonializmem a wschodnim imperializmem. Dyskurs postkolonialny a trajektoria rozwojowa społeczeństw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w świetle nie-Marksowskiego materializmu historycznego

Author(s): Krzysztof Brzechczyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a problem of applicability of postcolonial studies/postcolonial perspective to history of Polish society and wider — East Central Europe, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the first part, the main standpoints in Polish discussion are identified and the certain attempt of an application of categories of postcolonial studies are critically analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, in part two, the typology of social dominations (political, economic and cultural and variants of external subordinations) based on non-Marxian historical materialism is constructed in order in the chapter fourth to interpret the developmental trajectory of East-Central European societies. In the light of the presented interpretation, the ‘resolving ability’ of postcolonial perspective is too weak to be applied without essential modification to the history of societies living in this region of Europe, where the mosaic of different configurations of class domination shaped and evolved.

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Een kleine taalgemeenschap – een groot onderzoeksveld

Author(s): Agata Kowalska-Szubert,Bożena Czarnecka / Language(s): Dutch Issue: 1/2021

There is a growing trend in the scientific world to publish papers in English. Describing research in the field of technology or medicine in English is justified, because it allows for faster verification of results and their application by scientists in any part of the world, and thus their faster use by ordinary people. It is questionable, however, whether it makes sense to write about a language – especially one as small as Dutch – in the language of Shakespeare. Dutch still lends itself very well to scientific argument, as the publications in this volume prove.

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Polecenia zawarte w instrukcjach badań logopedycznych w kontekście naturalności komunikacyjnej

Author(s): Jolanta Skowronek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The manuals and instructions included with ready-made diagnostic tools show how to formulate commands to properly examine the child. Unfortunately, many times this turns out to be insufficient for children to freely interact with the diagnostician. The style of the instructions contained in the tests is very different from the features of children’s language and communication. The article analyzes the instructions of Danuta Emiluta-Rozya’s Comprehensive Speech Therapy Examination and Joanna Gruby’s Child Speech Therapy Assessment Cards in the context of communicative naturalness.

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Wpływ typu relacyjności na recepcję tekstu: Wnioski z eksperymentu

Author(s): Daria Andrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The subject of this article are four types of text relationality, that is the H2H effect. The research perspective adopted falls within the basic assumptions of linguistics, and in particular within the research on plain language in Poland and the world. The purpose of the experiment is to determine the impact of the H2H effect on the effectiveness of the text and how the sender is perceived. The first part is focused on the techniques of simplifying the text in terms proposed by the Pracownia Prostej Polszczyzny (PPP UWr), discussing in particular the stage related to building relationships in the text. The author then explains the origins of the concept of H2H and its division into four relational types. She also indicates the typical exponents of the sender (H1) and receiver (H2). The most important part, however, is the survey experiment that author conducted. The research questions concern how the four H2H types affect participant engagement, text evaluation and how the sender is perceived. It turns out that the role of H1 and H2 exponents is crucial in building the relatability of the text.

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Obraz nauczania zdalnego przedstawiony w memach internetowych Perspektywa językoznawstwa kognitywnego

Author(s): Aleksandra Majdzińska-Koczorowicz,Julia Ostanina-Olszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The present study aims to discuss the image of online learning created in selected internet memes in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Internet memes constitute bimodal entities, in which the verbal and the visual complete one another to trigger connotations and induce a whole framework of meanings. The multimodal approach to analysis is conducted with reference to the cognitive linguistic framework, in particular Conceptual Metaphor Theory, metonymy (Lakoff and Johnson 1980), construal (Langacker 1987, 2009), frame semantics (Fillmore 1988) and the blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002).

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DELOVANJE JUGOSLOVENSKE NEPRIJATELJSKE EMIGRACIJE U AUSTRALIJI 1965–1980.

Author(s): Radojica S. Lazić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The Yugoslav hostile emigration after World War II created serious issues for the newly created country. The entire security sector was in great temptations, especially in the first five years after the war. The biggest danger lay in the defeated and runaway forces of different movements: Ustasha, Chetnik, Ljotić, Nedić, Balli and other movements. After finding shelter in the countries of Western Europe, North and South America, and Australia, the defeated hostile forces have begun their activities targeted against the constitutional order in the former country. Depending on the movement they belonged to, their political and ideological stances differed. Hostile individuals and groups abuse the legally organized exile groups in Australia to recruit new members from them and gather funds for their activities. The anti-communist atmosphere that was present within the majority of Australia’s population also benefited the gathering, organization, and activities of the Yugoslav hostile emigration. Because of these reasons, every action against the Social Federative Republic of Yugoslavia and its representatives in this country was considered as an act of fighting against communism. Moreover, the poor level of diplomatic relations had an additional effect on the situation and favored the hostile emigration. Regardless of the differences in political beliefs, the common goal of the extreme emigration in Australia was to take down the constitutional order in Yugoslavia. The targets of the attacks were diplomatic and consular offices and the persons working in them. In illegally organized camps, training for guerilla warfare took place, as well as terrorist activities against Yugoslavia. The terrorist group from the orders of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood was placed in the country in the second half of June 1972. Thanks to the intervention of the Yugoslav security services, their plan was foiled.

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Genealogy of Christian Leadership: The Role of Pastoral Care in Educating Communities

Author(s): Vincenzo Salerno,Andrea Mattia Marcelli / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Pastoral care can be understood independently from specific religious values. However, there are communities for which pastoral care is intertwined with their own religious identity. This paper examines Christian leadership style applied to pastoral care as a historical contingency provided with its own ontological placement, which resulted in the transformation of Christian communities into educating communities. The genealogy of such leadership practices reveals the existence of two concurrent functions: that of the shepherd and that of the helmsman. Both contribute to steering communities in ways that are both consistent with religious tenets and mindful of the creation of meaningful change.

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ПЪРВИТЕ ДИПЛОМИРАНИ АКУШЕРКИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ И ПРИНОСЪТ ИМ В МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯТА НА ОБЩЕСТВОТО

Author(s): Zhana Pavlovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Introduction and purpose: Rayna Popgeorgieva and Hristina Hranova are the first graduated Bulgarian midwives, but to them we can add names of prominent midwives of their time with a pronounced professional and even political position, who contributed to the development of healthcare and the modernization of society. Material and methods: documentary, historical method and review of archival documents have been used. Results and discussion: The process for establishing the midwifery profession in Bulgaria is long and difficult. The first midwives, most of them graduated abroad, contributed enormously to the implementation of this process with their knowledge and professional skills, with their persistence in spreading health education among pregnant women, mothers and women, with their persistence in defending their rights – professional, civil and even political. Among them are the first midwife of Gabrovo – Maria Pаtruncheva, the first midwife of Tarnovo – Tsonka Sabeva, the first chairperson of “Midwifes” society – Zlatina Nedeva, Victoria Bikova, Vasilka Kurteva and others. Conclusion: The contribution of the first midwives to the development of society is in several main directions: struggle for the imposition of the midwifery profession; health and educational activities and training; battle for professional rights and improving the status of midwives; active participation in the women’s movement for civil and political rights; improving health welfare in cities and villages; charity.

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