„Uchwycić kopię” czy podjąć własną aktywność myślową? O nauczaniu porównywania różnicowego i ilorazowego w szkole

Author(s): Elżbieta Mrożek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1 (24)/2014

The additive and multiplicative compare word problems are specifically difficult. The sources of these difficulties may lie in the nature of these tasks and the wrong teaching. In this article I have presented a proposal to amend the existing methodology of teaching to solve compare word problems by introducing a curriculum based on the constructivist approach. This change consists in the fact that at the beginning of schooling the pupils get familiar with the compare word problems on manipulated specific objects and simple numbers. Additive compare problem should be derived from the pupils’ activities associated with one-to-one correspondence assigned on the occasion of comparing the sets of numbers. In the idea of the constructivist approach to the multiplicative compare problem, it derives from the pupils’ activities, referring to measuring length by repeatedly applying a device to a measured object. Traditional methods used in the teaching of compare word problems (which is connected with characteristic phrases in tasks and verbal communication) are not very effective and develop only schematic thinking (in the negative sense of the word).

„Un sprijin necesar pentru elevii de etnie roma şi turcă din judeţul Constanţa”

Author(s): Gabriela Carmen Neagu,Ioan Mărginean,Daniel Răspop,Florentin Flavius Mihalache / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3-4/2010

„Uniunea Europeană la Răscruce (II)”: Puncte de intersecţie cu preocupările sociologilor privind riscurile şi politicile sociale

Author(s): Mona Simu,Filip Alexandrescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 4/2013

„Upadek” w codzienność

Author(s): Roch Sulima / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1-2/2017

„Uplatňovat vedoucí úlohu strany“: funkcionáři KSČ a SED ve výborech závodních organizací (od 50. do 70. let)

Author(s): Michel Christian / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2010

Drawing on the analysis of primary sources, this article aims to describe how Communist party cells operated inside state companies. The article is based on two case studies (one company in Czechoslovakia and one company in the GDR). It argues that contrary to a common misperception party cells existed as an integral part of companies. The author sheds a light on daily interaction between party officials and the rest of the company, including its management and trade union members. Finally, the article purports that there were profound differences between the two countries: Although the German Communist party exercised a much tighter control over state companies than its Czechoslovakian sister, it paradoxically was less successful in influencing day-to-day affairs of companies than was the case in Czechoslovakia.

„Upokorzona” codzienność osób niepełnosprawnych

Author(s): Magdalena Bełza,Dorota Prysak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2014

Everyone has the right to dignity, which is assigned by virtue of humanity. Although this right is guaranteed, it is sometimes in different situations violated. It does not always happen in a direct way, but through the actions, which do not take into account the specific needs of individuals due to their differences. The everyday life of such people differs from everyday life of other people. Disability constitutes one of the reasons of this situation. This article is an attempt to draw people’s attention to these aspects of the organization of social life, which not only make life more complicated for people with disabilities, but also contribute to the sense of humiliation that occurs in connection with emerging difficulties.

„Váróterem-politika” A Beneš-dekrétumok kérdése az osztrák nyomtatott sajtóban

Author(s): Marcell Bálint / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2004

The article analyses the discourse on the Benes-decrees as presented in the Austrian press.

„Vásárolok, tehát vagyok.” A személy a kapitalizmusban

Author(s): Manfred Prisching / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 15/2011

The main aim of the essay is to shed light on how consumption, identity and capitalism relate to each other. According to the premise of the writing, nowadays individuals can be described with the concept of animal consumers, because after the decreasing importance of the great narratives and the ideologies in the second half of the 20th century, it has been consumption, which became the core element on which identifies are constructed. This epoch – second modernity – is characterized by individualization: identity construction mainly revolves around the construction of the uniqueness, distinctiveness and authenticity of the individual. In this context consumption becomes a way of communication: one of the main functions of buying and consuming is to represent individual identities. On the one hand, the second part of the writing focuses on how values change due to the changing role of consumption. On the other hand, it analyzes the social conditions, which are required for the reproduction of such identityconsumption relations. The author uses the notion of „two-dimensional society”, in order to describe contemporary consumer capitalism, where the main motive is conformist individualism.

„Vecinătăţile” – Solidarităţi specifice comunităţilor din spaţiul european

Author(s): Alexandru Rizescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2003

Les sociétés traditionnelles, de même que celles modernes, cultivent l’esprit communautaire en tant que moyen de sauvegarder l’identité et le liant socio-affectif. Dans le village roumain, par exemple, existaient autrefois et continuent à exister à présent aussi. Dans différentes régions ethno-culturelles – comme „Mărginimea Sibiului” -, des valeureuses traditions socio – économiques disposant de normes, de formes d’organisation et d’institutions appropriées.

„Vidutinio vartotojo“ standartas: pagalba ar papildomas apsunkinimas ginant vartotojų teises?

Author(s): Ieva Navickaitė-Sakalauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 4/2011

The “average consumer” standard is a concept introduced by the practice of Court of Justice of the European Union, formulated in its cases on the free movement of goods, misleading advertising, as well as analysing questions related to the trade mark protection. That is a hypothetical average of all consumers (or their particular group), on the basis of which the impact of the provided information on economical behaviour of a particular consumer is judged. The Court of Justice defines an “average consumer” as an informed, observant and reasonably circumspect person together providing the flexibility necessary for the application of this concept. Analyzing the contents of the “average consumer” concept, the particular attention in this article is focused on the fact that after the adoption of Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-toconsumer commercial practices in the internal market, normative definition of the “average consumer” concept was for the first time introduced into the legal act. This fact undoubtedly affected future application of the “average consumer” concept both by the Court of Justice and national courts, especially with regard to the Directive’s total harmonisation character and its extremely broad field of application. The article highlights one of the most relevant problematic aspects of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive — its impact on litigation arising from consumer contracts. The author justifies the wide “average consumer” standard application model, noting that the provisions of Directive 2005/29/EC must be analyzed systematically with other consumer protection instruments, particularly adopted when harmonizing contractual consumer legal relations. In this way it is intended to bring more clarity and to give guidance for national courts and consumer protection institutions, applying this model in practice. At the end of the article after summarizing the main results of the research, the main conclusions are drawn by excluding the main advantages and disadvantages of applying the “average consumer” standard when protecting consumer rights.

„Vindecarea de comunism”

Author(s): Mihai TURCU / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2006

Nur durch den Missbrauch des Konzeptes „Heilung“ kann man über den Komunismus als Krankheit sprechen und infolge dessen von „Therapie“ als Ziel des Zuwendungsprozesses. Eher, sollte man über die eigentlichen Zustände des Realsozialismus und der angepassten Einlebung großer Gesellschaften sprechen, über ein radikales Systemwechsel, dessen Projekt, über die dazupassenden Mitteln, Planung, Rahmenbedingungen, Schwierigkeiten, Risiken und Ablaufkrisen, hauptsächlich über das Organisieren des Änderungsprozesses. Die Konzentration auf Erscheinungen und Nebensächlichkeiten kann Ausgangspunkt für Manipulation und Ablenkung werden, wenn sie nicht Oberflächlichkeit widerspigelt, wenn sie nicht durch mangeln an einer systematischer Analyse und globalen Bewertung, an einem Änderungsplan mit der entsprechender Strategie und Taktik, wirksam und originell, anfällt.

„Viršnacionalizacija“ per integraciją: Europos funkcijos paieškos

Author(s): Benas Brunalas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2013

This paper criticizes the realistic approach to international relations. Due to the essence of the main categories of realism (such as state, sovereignty, nation), the realism paradigm is presented as non-optimal and defective, and it is explained by interpretation of the social contract. Following the latter interpretation, the social contract does not eliminate anarchy completely and anarchy can still appear at the international level. Because of the globalization processes, the world has grown tiny and the states are closely interrelated, this means that in the 21st century for an individual international anarchy is as dangerous as anarchy on the state level. For this reason the national state becomes a source of insecurity for the individual and, therefore, the transformation of the state becomes a necessity. This paper supports the statement that the international order should be organized by creating global and unified governance. The European Union has introduced a most impressive integration project, which has the potential to establish a political unity not only in Europe, but also in the whole world. Since a sudden transition from one status (national state system) to another (supranational global governance) is hardly possible and the consequences are unpredictable, a gradual transition is recommended and it is more in favour by the EU. In other words, the EU integration process is a strategy aimed at “destruction” of the national state, which seeks full compliance with the terms of the social contract and the complete elimination of the anarchy. This strategy might be a new task or function of Europe.

„Vissza a gyökerekhez.” A kritikai szociológia és a szaktudomány megújhodásának burawoyi víziója

Author(s): Bulcsu Bognár / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 60/2007

The paper explores Burawoy’s views on public sociology. It points out that Burawoy’s approach reflects the arguments of both the critical tradition of sociology and that of Talcott Parsons’ theory of structural functionalism. The paper argues that Burawoy does not provide an original synthesis between conflict and consensus theories. Instead, he creates an approach that is problematic in many respects, since Burawoy’s value-orientation led by critical sociology lurks behind the work with objectives of the politics of science that aims to build a consensus based on a Parsonsian model. Furthermore, Burawoy’s historical conceptualization of science is challenged, which considered to be an interpretation of Marxist tradition referring back to early modern philosophy. This forms the basis of the explanation of the craving for authority that reaches beyond the narrow confines of science. The paper suggests that despite Burawoy’s minor intellectual “innovations” – that can be traced back to E. P Thompson or Touraine – he fundamentally maintains a traditional view on the role of science. In addition, maintaining such a role of the legislator is linked—somewhat implicitly—to an ideological particularity. Based on these arguments the paper concludes that Burawoy’s vision is incapable of providing a feasible program for the rejuvenation of the discipline.

„Vlastní Laboratoř“: Akademické Trajektorie A Gender V Současných Biovědách

Author(s): Marcela Linková,Alice Červinková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 01/2013

Despite various changes in academic institutions and the academic profession in last two decades (Shore 2008; Dunn 2003; Power 2003), the academic environment is still organized around the notion of a linear, uninterrupted career path (Murray 2000; Smithon and Stokoe 2005) culminating with the launch of one’s own lab. Rather than a remnant of previous organizing principles of science the linear notion of the academic career has been reordered and reinscribed in the recent science policy imaginary of the excellent career (Garforth, Červinková 2009). In light of the recent shifts in the organization of biosciences in the Czech Republic from dynastic to dynamic labs, the dominant ideologies of motherhood and the disembodied subject of the labour market, our goal in this paper is to contribute to feminist analyses of research careers and implications these recent shifts have in terms of the position of women‑ and especially mothers‑bioscientists. Using the concept of enactment (Law 1994, Mol 2002) we examine the co‑constitution of motherhood and research careers procesually, as a result of the effects of the gender order, science policy, family policy, institutional arrangements of research organizations and the personal. We wish to underscore the need for a complex study of research careers if we want to understand the nuanced ways in which gender is inscribed in careers in the biosciences.

„Vom Löwen zum Adler”. Der Übergang Schwedisch Pommerns an Preussen 1815. Sesja z okazji włączenia Pomorza Szwedzkiego w 1815 roku do Pruskiego Pomorza

Author(s): Paweł Gut / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 02/2016

Report

„Vy jste dole, my nahoře!"

Sociální a etnické hranice v základní škole*

Author(s): Radek Vorlíček / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3/2016

The article explores the dynamics of social marginality and dominance in educational settings. Special attention is paid to the role of schools in the process of boundary constructions. The article deals with social distance dynamics among pupils in elementary school, and observes how these dynamics strengthen or weaken their position in the hierarchy. The text describes social interaction in a group of children, and records the context in which the inclusion or exclusion of those who are seen as the bearers of an identity other than the group dominant identity takes place, and whether it has the character of ethnic or social class. The article is based on long­term, qualitative, inductive, and ethnographic fieldwork. The central method of the fieldwork was ethnographic observation. To large degree, the research was conducted in the framework of interactionism. The article sheds light on many aspects of social exclusion in educational settings and on the obstacles of educational research.

„W tobie jest źródło życia i w twej światłości [...] światłość” Wiara i religia
 w perspektywie resocjalizacji skazanych

Author(s): Anna Panek,Elżbieta Panek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 31-32/2016

The paper intends to take a broader perspective on the issue of religion in the life and rehabilitation of individuals sentenced to the penalty of imprisonment. It discusses the importance of faith and (mainly Christian) religion and religious practices in the specific context of incarceration, as well as the role of prison pastoral care and correctional volunteering, with some major references to the findings of the thematic empirical work. Moreover, the paper calls for a more in-depth (both empirical and theoretical) analysis of the effectiveness of religiously motivated rehabilitation, without any attempts at its idealization or depreciation. Excerpts from a prison diary - selected as meaningful parts of the paper (in order to outline, among all, the importance of the convicts’ conversions) - are not intended to stun the reader with their emotional message. They are rather testimonials of the life of individuals, in their own flesh and blood, and as such send a powerful message for others. The rest is just about the faith and the will of individual readers and their interpretations. As for things of importance, sometimes suffice is to tell about them (with no references to doctrinal interpretations and paradigms or without establishing any ad hoc scientific constructs). That approach proves that the author’s intent goes far beyond the accurate reporting, disentangled from personal and self-construed messages. Universal clues for choosing between the good and the evil just do not exist. But steps are being taken to save others from the effect of the evil. Prison constitutes a peculiar space of existence where human life can both come to its end or have a new beginning.

„Więcej krawędzi. Mniej słów”. Pamięć i trauma w poezji Wioletty Grzegorzewskiej

Author(s): Borbála Faragó / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

Migrants’ narratives do not exist in a vacuum: they have their places within similar narratives, historically embedded within a larger public story. This continuity is often overlooked, particularly when it comes to similar narratives shared by different ethnicities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate poetic manifestations of memory, especially trauma or pain memory, in a selection of texts written by Wioletta Grzegorzewska. Her poems consider the question of memory on both micro and macro levels. Her collection Smena’s Memory, as this paper argues, investigates the role of memory in the process of identity creation.

„Więcej” niż pedagogika… W kierunku konwersyjnego ujaśnienia źródłowego charakteru filozofii wychowania

Author(s): Michał Płóciennik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2016

Pedagogy, both as an academically theoretical activity and humanistically social practice hasbeen under a serious crisis for a long time. Obviously, this crisis has been caused by numerous reasons,both external and internal. Yet, it seems to be a perfect opportunity to re-discover the sourceof pedagogy in the philosophy of upbringing and – through the conversion in the centre of pedagogicalthinking – to restore the tension between philosophy (in its wise ontological-metaphysical hesitation) and pedagogy. It seems clear that this lack of tension and limiting pedagogy to a detailedsocial science, is damaging and appears to be the fundamental problem and the main reasonof the critical condition of contemporary pedagogy.

„Wiedza, jako jedyna siła, która rzeczywiście działa i zmienia ludzkie życie” – wiedza, umiejętności i kompetencje Polaków wobec wymagań współczesności – na podstawie wyników Międzynarodowego Badania Kompetencji Osób Dorosłych

Author(s): Agata Rzymełka‑Frąckiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0