The use of photo comics media: Changing reading interest and learning outcomes in elementary social studies subjects

Author(s): Anwar Senen,Yuni Puspita Sari,Herwin Herwin,Rasimin Rasimin,Shakila Che Dahalan / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

Reading is useful for gaining understanding, knowledge, and information. This study aimed to determine the effect of using photo comics media on reading interest and learning outcomes in elementary social studies subjects. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a Non-equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The subject of this study is elementary students at the fifth grade level. Data obtained through the implementation of direct learning to school by assessment using questionnaires and tests. Analysis of the data using the t-test. The results showed that the use of photo comics media has a significant positive effect on reading interest and student learning outcomes. This was evidenced after a positive change in asking students to read after being treated with photo comics media. In addition, student learning outcomes are satisfactory after integrating photo comic media in learning activities.

Comparative analysis of export determinants in Italian and Polish firms: The moderating role of non-family management

Author(s): Marco Pini,Grzegorz Tchorek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

PURPOSE: The paper analyses the determinants of exporting from a cross-country perspective, comparing Italy and Poland. It focuses on three objectives: i) investigating if age and size influence the firm’s probability to export; ii) if there are differences between family and non-family management; iii) if and how non-family management positively moderates the relationship between age, size, and the firm’s probability to export. METHODOLOGY: Microeconometric analysis using probit regressions on two surveys carried out in Italy and Poland on representative samples of manufacturing SMEs (1,100 for Italy and 680 for Poland). We control for several factors, such as innovation, geographical location, economic sector, and banks relationship. FINDINGS: In both countries, the larger firms have a higher probability to export, with a higher significant effect in Italy than in Poland. Business experience proves to be a factor affecting the likelihood of exporting only in Italy (in a positive sense: older firms are more likely to export) and not in Poland. External (non-family) management is a driver for the internationalization of family-owned firms, especially for younger firms in Italy and for smaller firms in Poland. All these findings are confirmed by robustness check analyses on the subsample of family-owned firms. IMPLICATIONS: i) the role of corporate governance can differ between countries with reference to a firm’s competitiveness; ii) favoring management openness to external managers for family-owned firms; iii) small firms require greater support in encouraging exporting behavior; iv) the need to consider jointly the issues of innovation, internationalization and corporate governance modes (familynon-family management) in the agenda of the firm’s competitiveness. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of exporting by simultaneously studying some firm’s characteristics related to size and age with others related to corporate governance, which are usually addressed separately. Furthermore, this paper tries to fill a gap concerning a lack of cross-country studies focusing on European countries other than those more advanced.

Amplifying organizational performance from business intelligence: Business analytics implementation in the retail industry

Author(s): Emmanuel P. Paulino / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

PURPOSE: The concept of business analytics (BA) and business intelligence (BI) is just emerging in the Philippines. Since these are new concepts, it is important to investigate their impact on organizational performance and the performance metrics in business industry. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of business analytics generating business intelligence and how it affects organizational performance by developing a structural model. Consequently, the impact of organizational performance on other performance metrics was also established. METHODOLOGY: The partial least squares – structural equation modeling was utilized, which proposed a model that shows how business intelligence, generated by business BA, affects organizational performance, which consequently leads to improved marketing, financial, and business process performance. A survey was conducted on business analysts and executive managers of retail companies that have already been implementing BA for at least three years. FINDINGS: BA capabilities have a significant positive effect on the level of BI. BI has a significant positive effect on organizational performance. However, the result of the moderation analysis indicated that the level of readiness for BA implementation could not be considered a moderating factor on the relationship between BI and organizational performance. IMPLICATIONS: Out of the different BA capabilities, the decision support system and business process management were found to be the most beneficial functions in generating BI. BI amplifies organizational performance and consequently improves the marketing and business process performance of retail firms. However, the readiness for BA implementation does not significantly affect how BI improves organizational performance. Overall, it is recommended that in order to enhance marketing and business process performance, retail firms should focus on the BA capabilities of decision support system and business process management. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This would be the first empirical study in the Philippines which has assessed how business analytics and business intelligence impact organizational performance. This study is original in determining what BA capabilities generate BI, which translates to improved organizational performance. This study is also unique in defining what key performance metrics are much improved as a result of its implementation. This may serve as a viable reference for other researchers interested in business analytics and other technology about data management applied in business operations.

The contribution of intellectual capital to banks' competitive and financial performance: The evidence from Poland

Author(s): Monika Klimontowicz,Justyna Majewska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

PURPOSE: The paper aims to investigate the contribution of intellectual capital to banks' competitive and financial performance. METHODOLOGY: The paper uses data retrieved from a research survey. The questionnaire on IC contribution to banks' competitive performance was applied to executive managers of retail banks operating in the Polish banking market. The data collected for the assessment of financial performance were retrieved from banks' annual reports and referred to each year from 2012 to 2019. The data were analyzed by Principal Axis Factor Analysis (PAF) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). FINDINGS: The results revealed that banks' competitive and financial performance depends on both the intellectual capital and environmental factors. The relation between financial performance and intellectual capital is positively mediated by competitive performance, and environmental factors can affect the strength of this relationship. The findings show that applying the resource-based theory might not be sufficient to gain a competitive advantage and sustainable market position in the case of banks. IMPLICATIONS: The results develop IC knowledge and prove the necessity to conduct systematic research on their importance for creating value for customers and gaining competitive advantage. They also provide direction for banks' decision-makers concerning factors that should be taken into account to create competitive advantage, market performance, and efficiency. The Polish banking market has transformed from undeveloped and non-competitive into a developed and competitive one during the last few decades. Thus, the results also have implications for other companies operating in transition markets as their competitiveness depends on understanding which factors should be the foundation for their market strategy and their competitiveness and efficiency to become a developed one. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The majority of the IC research concentrate on developed countries, and very little is known about developing and transition countries that were successful on their journey. Most of the research has focused on identifying and measuring IC components and the relationship between them. Usually, the research presents the state of the art and it is based on financial reports. However, the extent to which IC impacts competitive and financial performance in banking markets has been relatively rare. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to examine empirically the relationship between intellectual capital, environment, competitive performance, and efficiency in a transformed banking market in Europe, which analyses the IC contribution over a few years' perspectives.

Employee retention through effective human resource management practices in Maldives: Mediation effects of compensation and rewards system

Author(s): Zubair Hassan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of human resource management (HRM) practices on employee retention mediated by reward and compensation. Also, this study has examined the moderating role of performance appraisal, and training and development on the relationship between HRM practices and employee retention. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 250 respondents among the employees working in the retail sector in Capital City of Maldives was selected using the random probability sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was distributed, and data was collected. Structural equation modeling analysis was carried out to examine the causal effect of HRM practices on employee retention. FINDINGS: The results showed that reward and compensation (R&C) practices had significant and positive effects on employee retention. However, the study found no significant effect of career development, training and development, and performance appraisal on employee retention. In terms of mediating effects, R&C had significantly positive mediating effects on the relationship between training and development (T&D) and employee retention as well as on the relationship between performance appraisal and employee retention. However, there were no moderating effects between performance appraisal as well as T&D and employee retention. Therefore, it was concluded that increasing the positive perception towards HRM practices, particularly R&C practices in the retail sector of Maldives, causes an increase in employee retention (ER). Also, it was concluded that HRM practices such as R&C mediate the relationship between Training and Development (T&D) and Employee Retention along with the relationship between Performance Appraisal (PA) and ER. This means, indirectly PA and T&D can increase ER in the retail sector of Maldives. Similarly, we conclude that there is no moderating effect of PA and T&D in the relationship between HRM practices and ER. The overall conclusion is that R&C has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between HRM practices and ER. IMPLICATIONS: This study contributes to the current knowledge of HRM by confirming that reward and compensation is a key determinant and a significant mediator for employee retention. This study contributes to developing new knowledge in the theoretical domains of HRM practices. In particular, the findings of the study strengthen Hertzberg‘s Two-Factor theory by confirming that career growth opportunities, advancement and salary significantly determine employee retention. This showed that both motivators and hygiene factors are crucial in retaining employees. In practice, the findings also enable managers to make new organizational and HRM policy decisions on improving and enhancing employee retention. This study can be useful for organizational management to formulate effective reward and compensation policies. This study signifies the importance of training and development and performance appraisal by linking these with reward and compensation practices. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This could be one of the pioneering studies carried out in the retail sector of Maldives by examining the four constructs of human resource management practices to shed light on how retail sector business organizations in Maldives make decisions on improving employee retention. Furthermore, the current study indicated that reward and compensation have full mediating effects on the relationship between employee retention and training and development as well as performance appraisal. This filled the existing research gaps by adding value to the existing literature. Moreover, the current study adds practical values by confirming that reward and compensation should be emphasized to retain employees through other human resource management practices in the retail sector of Maldives.

New insights on employee adaptive performance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical evidence from Indonesia

Author(s): Ronny Tan,Ferdi Antonio / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

PURPOSE: This study investigates how perceived e-leadership and the teleworking output are linked to employee adaptive performance. Further, it seeks to comprehend whether a sense of purpose and organizational commitment have a mediating role. This study proposes a new research model that is empirically tested to predict employee adaptive performance, especially during remote working due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative survey was conducted in August 2021. Respondents were obtained from 271 teleworkers employed in a reputable private company operating in the financial industry in Indonesia. The data was collected by a questionnaire using a Likert-type scale and then analyzed using PLS-SEM. FINDINGS: Three antecedents are proven to affect employee adaptive performance directly: organizational commitment, followed by teleworking output, and a sense of purpose. Perceived e-leadership affects employee adaptive performance indirectly, and it is mediated through teleworking output, organizational commitment, and sense of purpose. IMPLICATIONS: This insight suggests that management must take care of intrinsic motivation to get the employees performing in the organization. These constructs will play significant roles and, therefore, should be well-planned, well-executed, and seriously measured to strengthen employee adaptive performance in an organization. The research model result shows moderate predictive accuracy strength with medium predictive relevance on employee adaptive performance, giving opportunities to re-use and extend the research model and explore other constructs. Based on the findings, management needs to focus on trust in employees, team motivation, and employee-experience management activities to keep the employees engaged. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This is one of the first studies to deploy intrinsic motivation as an antecedent of employee adaptive performance, together with the perceived e-leadership and teleworking output. Corporations will be able to focus on some key areas that are proven to impact employee adaptive performance positively.

Przeciwdziałanie chorobom zwalczanym drogą szczepień w prawie Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Jacek Sobczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2020

Polityka zdrowotna w Traktacie o Funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej została potraktowana w art. 168 jako samodzielna polityka Unii Europejskiej. W treści regulacji unijnych zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie szczepień dla ochrony zdrowia publicznego oraz konieczność przekazywania informacji dotyczących chorób zakaźnych. Powołano także sieć nadzoru i kontroli epidemiologicznej w UE. Zauważono, że możliwe jest przyspieszone wprowadzenie do obrotu produktów leczniczych, w tym także szczepionek, nawet wtedy, gdy brak jest w odniesieniu do nich niektórych danych klinicznych. Uznano, że szczepionki są produktami leczniczymi, które podlegają przepisom i procedurom przyjętym na szczeblu Unii Europejskiej.

Opiniowanie sądowo-lekarskie w okresie pandemii Covid-19 (i może po?)

Author(s): Ryszard Szozda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2020

Przedstawiłem krótkie omówienie zasad opiniowania sądowo-lekarskiego w sprawach, w których do tej pory wykonywano badania lekarskie. W związku jednak z pandemią Covid-19 problem ten z przyczyn różnych musi zostać rozwiązany i powinny być wdrożone nowe zasadyopiniowania – jedynie na podstawie zgromadzonej dokumentacji. Opisałem więc sposób mojego opiniowania w czasie pandemii i stwierdziłem, że taki sposób może być nadal kontynuowany po okresie pandemii.

Езикови специфики при отразяването на движенията „Me Too“ и „Time’s Up“ в англоезични издания

Author(s): Tsvetelina Dzhambazova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2019

In October 2017, social media gave birth of two movements: “Me Too” and “Time’s Up”. A month later, the movements managed to surpass digital borders which led to tangible consequences in the “real” world. The taboo on the public discussion of sexual misconduct is already been broken. In this article we analyze how two British media – BBC and The Guardian – present the facts around the two movements in their commentaries. The methodology used is content analysis. The aim of this article is to see whether these media share any criticism or support towards “Me Too” or try to remain neutral, and to follow what kind of topics are discussed in relation to both movements.

Agatologiczny horyzont Tischnerowskiej filozofii wychowania jako horyzont „ziemi obiecanej” i/lub „ziemi odmowy”

Author(s): Jarosław Gara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (38)/2022

Józef Tischner’s philosophy of education reflects his assumed philosophy of man, which programmatically refers to the heuristic potential of “thinking from the depth of a metaphor”. Tischner’s agathology is based on the assumption that human life is governed by the “logos of good and evil”. Therefore, human existence takes the form of “dramatic existence”, and man himself appears as an “axiological being”, which experiences values and adopts specific attitudes towards them. In this meaning, one of the basic tasks of educators is conveying the “fundamental hope”, according to which discovering one’s life calling is possible. Therefore, education is a guide to authentic and original forms of the existential realization of good. The world as “the scene of human drama” embraces the hope that this world will become man’s “promised land” and the threat that it will be for him a “denied land”. In this context, human life plays out as the act of rooting or uprooting in the specific sphere of human experience, considered both physically and symbolically, including “home”, “workshop”, “temple”, or “cemetery”. Although in his concept of philosophy of drama, Tischner does not refer directly to the issue of education in the perspectives of the “promised land” and “land of denial” addressed here, there are many indications that these issues supplement his statements that directly define his concept of education. Filozofia wychowania Józefa Tischnera odzwierciedla zakładaną przez niego filozofię człowieka, która programowo odwołuje się do heurystycznego potencjału „myślenia z głębi metafory”. Tischnerowska agatologia opiera się na założeniu, zgodnie z którym ludzkim życiem rządzi „logos dobra i zła. Ludzkie istnienie przybiera więc postać „egzystencji dramatycznej”, a sam człowiek jawi się jako „byt aksjologiczny”, który przeżywa wartości oraz przyjmuje względem nich określone postawy. W tym znaczeniu jednym z podstawowych zadań wychowawcy jest przekazanie „fundamentalnej nadziei”, zgodnie z którą możliwe jest odkrywanie własnego życiowego powołania. Wychowanie to naprowadzanie na autentyczne i niebanalne postacie egzystencjalnego urzeczywistniania dobra. Świat jako „scena dramatu ludzkiego” zawiera jednak w sobie zarówno nadzieję, związaną z tym, że świat ten okaże się „ziemią obiecaną” człowieka, jak i groźbę, związaną z tym, że okaże się on dla niego „ziemią odmówioną”. W tym kontekście życie ludzkie rozgrywa się jako zakorzenienie lub wykorzenienie w obrębie swoistych przestrzeni doświadczenia ludzkiego, rozpatrywanych zarówno fizycznie, jak i symbolicznie, takich jak: „dom”, „warsztat pracy”, „świątynia”, czy „cmentarz”. I choć Tischner w swojej koncepcji filozofii dramatu nie odnosił wprost podjętej w tym miejscu perspektywy „ziemi obiecanej” i/lub „ziemi odmowy” do problematyki wychowania, to jednak wiele wskazuje na to, że zagadnienia te dopełniają jego wypowiedzi, które wprost określają zakładaną przez niego filozofię wychowania.

Stowarzyszenie Umarłych Poetów – koniec legendy, konieczność rewizji

Author(s): Michał Paluch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (38)/2022

The case of John Keating, a charismatic English teacher and students of an elite boarding school (Welton Academy), attracted millions of audiences around the world in front of cinemas and televisions. "And the Oskar goes to ..." was heard in 1990 by the screenplay writer Tom Schulman, and was nominated for Best Picture, Best Leading Actor and Best Director. One of the first Polish reviews of the film took place on Polskie Radio in the same year, during a program hosted by Anna Retmaniak. - "It is a wonderful film" - she informed enthusiastically, adding - "[...] what (the teacher - M.P.) instilled in young people remained in their hearts and minds forever." On the other hand, what this article can "instill" in the minds and hearts of the readers is the increased resistance to the manipulation of the content of the script by the producers of the film and, consequently, a pedagogical deception, which we also fell at our own request. As educators, we have not examined the differences between the original scenario (script) and its subsequent adaptations. It turns out that the narrative of the film is built on the themes of John Keating's fear and dying, and not - as we thought so far - on the phenomenon of his teaching talent. At the same time, we have not indicated cultural differences, resulting in our country's incorrect reception of such categories as: charisma, professional vocation, leadership or elitism. Readers of the book of the same title (Kleinbaum, 2007, 2018, 1st Polish edition 1994) and participants of theatrical performances (dir. P. Ratajczak). The article does not exclude those arguments that credibly argue for the uniqueness and attractiveness of the work. However, in order to understand its phenomenon, it is necessary to analyze the removed fragments of the scenario, revealing the reasons for teachers and candidates for this profession and the effects of the hidden truth. Sprawa Johna Keatinga, charyzmatycznego nauczyciela języka angielskiego i uczniów elitarnej szkoły z internatem (Welton Academy), skupiła przed ekranami kin i telewizorów miliony odbiorców na całym świecie. „And the Oskar goes to…” usłyszał w 1990 autor scenariusza Tom Schulman, a przy tym nominację dla najlepszego filmu, najlepszego aktora pierwszoplanowego oraz najlepszego reżysera. Jedna z pierwszych polskich recenzji filmu odbyła się w Polskim Radiu, tego samego roku, podczas audycji prowadzonej przez Annę Retmaniak. – „Jest to film wspaniały” – informowała z entuzjazmem, dodając – „[…] to, co (nauczyciel – M.P.) zaszczepił młodym ludziom pozostało w ich sercach i w ich umysłach na zawsze.” Natomiast to, co niniejszy artykuł może „zaszczepić” w umysłach i sercach czytelników, to zwiększoną odporność na poczynione przez producentów filmu manipulacje treściami scenariusza a w konsekwencji pedagogiczne oszustwo, jakim padliśmy również na własne życzenie. Jako pedagodzy nie zbadaliśmy różnic między oryginalnym scenariuszem i jego kolejnymi adaptacjami. Okazuje się, że narracja filmu zbudowana jest na motywach lęku i umierania Johna Keatinga, a nie – jak dotąd myśleliśmy – na fenomenie jego talentu pedagogicznego. Nie wskazaliśmy przy tym różnic kulturowych, skutkujących w naszym kraju błędną recepcją takich kategorii jak: charyzma, powołanie zawodowe, liderstwo czy elitarność. Na manipulację skazani są również czytelnicy książki o tym samym tytule (Kleinbaum, 2007, 2018, 1 wyd. polskie 1994) oraz uczestnicy spektakli teatralnych (reż. P. Ratajczak) . Artykuł nie przekreśla tych argumentów, które wiarygodnie przemawiają za wyjątkowością i atrakcyjnością dzieła. Aby jednak zrozumieć jego fenomen należy przeanalizować usunięte fragmenty scenariusza, odsłaniając nauczycielom i kandydatom do tego zawodu przyczyny i skutki skrywanej prawdy.

Opinie na temat przygotowania nauczycieli historii prezentowane na łamach "Wiadomości Historyczno-Dydaktycznych" (1933-1939)

Author(s): Iwona Czarnecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (38)/2022

In the journal "Wiadomości Historyczno-Dydaktyczne" published in 1933-1939 historians' opinions were printed. They were aboyt preparation for the work of history teacher. From this preparation the level of implementation of the new curricula for this subject depended. The authors of the articles noticed the disadvantages of education history teachers at the time. They pointed to wrong solutions, postulated various changes which, in their opinion, were hepl and enable proper education of staff for general and secondary eduacation. At he same time, they developed proposals for these changes themselves and presented them in the journal. Na łamach wydawanego w latach 1933-1939 czasopisma "Wiadomości Historyczno-Dydaktyczne" publikowane były opinie historyków dotyczące przygotowania do pracy nauczycieli historii. To od tego przygotowania zależał bowiem poziom realizacji nowych programów nauczania tego przedmiotu. Autorzy artykułów dostrzegali wady ówczesnego kształcenia nauczycieli historii. Wskazywali na błędne rozwiązania, postulowali różne zmiany, które ich zdaniem miały pomóc i umożliwić należyte wykształcenie kadr dla szkolnictwa powszechnego, jak i średniego. Jednocześnie sami opracowywali propozycje tych zmian i prezentowali je na łamach pisma.

Aksjologiczne przesłanki nauczana etyki w klasach 7-9 w Finlandii

Author(s): Arleta Suwalska / Language(s): English Issue: 1 (38)/2022

The National Core Curriculum for Basic Education 2014 underlined the need to treat each child as unique and valuable, and as a result, students are encouraged to enhance their self-images, self- efficacy, and self-esteem, which contribute to improvement of their learning skills. There is highlighted the emphasis on the joy of learning and promotion of pupil welfare.The main part of the study is thus an analysis of the Finnish National Core Curriculum, based on a review of the literature on secular ethics across grades 7 to 9 and the presentation of values in Finnish basic education. Narodowa Podstawa Edukacji Podstawowej z roku 2014 w Finlandii eksponuje potrzebę traktowania każdego dziecka jako wyjątkowego i wartościowego. Uczniowie są zachęcani do poprawy swojego wizerunku, skutecznego działania i zwiększania poczucia własnej wartości, co przyczynia się do poprawy ich umiejętności uczenia się. Autorzy dokumentu kładą nacisk na radość z nauki i promocję dobrostanu uczniów. Główną częścią poniższego badania jest analiza fińskiej Narodowej Podstawy Programowej. Polega ona na przeglądzie literatury dotyczącej sposobów poznawania i realizowania zagadnień z zakresu etyki świeckiej w klasach od 7 do 9 w szkolnictwie podstawowym.

Zaangażowanie rodziców w edukację dzieci. Polska na tle krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w świetle danych PISA 2018

Author(s): Bartłomiej Walczak ,Anna M. Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (38)/2022

The article is an attempt to compare the characteristics and correlates of parental involvement (PI) in the education of their children in 11 countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Belarus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine and Hungary. The data comes from the PISA 2018 survey and is based on representative, nationwide samples of 15-year-old students and their parents. The study used an analysis of variance and a series of logistic regression models. The three countries with the highest PI level among the CEE countries are Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Poland turned out to be a leader only in terms of passive involvement (talks about the child's progress at the teacher's initiative). On average, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are characterized by a high level of passive and low active involvement, and at the same time parents are more involved in material and non-material support for the school than in Western European countries. The feeling of being supported by 15 year old students is common. Even in Poland, where the rate was the lowest among the 11 surveyed countries, it was around 80%. PI is strongly associated with two variables: the gender of the student and the material status of the household. Students are more likely to receive support and as their economic status increases. The latter exceeds the influence of educational status. Artykuł jest próbą porównania charakterystyk i korelatów zaangażowania rodziców (PI) w edukację ich dzieci w 11 krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej: Białorusi, Czechach, Estonii, Litwy, Łotwy, Polski, Rumunii, Rosji, Słowacji, Ukrainy i Węgier. Dane pochodzą z badania PISA 2018, opierają się na reprezentatywnych, ogólnokrajowych próbach 15-letnich uczniów i ich rodziców. W opracowaniu wykorzystano analizę wariancji i serie modeli regresji logistycznej. Trzy kraje o najwyższym poziomie PI spośród państw CEE to Białoruś, Rosja i Ukraina. Polska okazała się liderem jedynie w odniesieniu do biernego zaangażowania (rozmowy o postępach dziecka z inicjatywy nauczyciela). Uśredniając, kraje Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej charakteryzują się wysokim poziomem zaangażowania biernego i niskim czynnego, a jednocześnie rodzice mocniej włączają się w materialne i pozamaterialne wsparcie szkoły niż w krajach Europy Zachodniej. Poczucie uzyskiwania wsparcie przez 15 letnich uczniów jest powszechne. Nawet w Polsce, gdzie wskaźnik był najniższy spośród 11 badanych krajów, kształtował się na poziomie 80%. PI silnie wiąże się z dwiema zmiennymi: płeć ucznia i status materialny gospodarstwa domowego. Prawdopodobieństwo uzyskania wsparcia jest wyższe w przypadku uczennic oraz wraz ze wzrostem statusu ekonomicznego. Ten ostatni przekracza oddziaływanie statusu wykształceniowego.

Słowo wstępne

Author(s): Rafał Leśniczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Улога наставника у конципирању компетенцијског модела професионалног развоја

Author(s): Igor R. Đurić,Vladimir M. Stanojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Professional development of teachers can be viewed as a heterotopia of simultaneous presence of different schools of opinion on teachers’ professional competence. The underlying premise of this research is that professional development can simultaneously rely on various theoretical approaches, with boundaries between individual forms of teacher education being fluid, without the existence of a single view of the teaching profession that is regarded as fixed, unique, and correct. Alternative research paradigms and diverse schools of thought have not resulted in a single theory of teachers’ professional development that would be applicable in all educational systems. One of the solutions is for teachers to get involved, create, and adapt professional development programs to their needs, and to the needs of the institution, community, and the context of authentic school discourse. Teacher competence and professional identity explicitly require the involvement of teachers in the exchange of ideas (practitioner’s voice), taking into account the context in which they work and their experience, promoting reflexivity and research approach, balancing individual and community interests, and the like. One of the solutions pointed out in this paper is to emphasize the importance of the philosophy of professional development and the role of teachers in relation to this metalevel of the pedeutological field of pedagogy. The metalevel of the pedeutological field of pedagogy, shaped in the form of a defining philosophical opinion on teachers’ professional development, in which teachers become one of the factors in creating and implementing alternative schools of opinion on teacher education, can have two effects: (1) directly affect professional development of teacher competencies; and also (2) indirectly influence the improvement of educational practice. This separate type of teacher competence can be an important factor in teachers’ professional development, but also a significant component of the quality of the educational process that is realized in schools. The metalevel of professional development of teachers, if regarded as a known and recognized concept to be used in professional education of teachers (both pre-service and in-service), could also have certain effects on teacher personal development lying at the basis of professional development: satisfying the need for belonging and recognition—awareness of teachers that they are an important part of their community and that their activities have a purpose and meaning— developing internal motivation and a positive attitude towards the profession, developing self-confidence and a feeling of being professionally autonomous and able to predict the consequences of their own decisions and to critically evaluate and self-evaluate their own work, and also to constructively participate in the processes of joint evaluation with other stakeholders of teachers’ professional development. This approach to professional competencies and teachers’ professional development needs to be empirically verified so that its possible contributions in authentic (diverse) educational contexts can be determined.

Процена наставе на даљину на ТВ-у од стране родитеља у току пандемије изазване вирусом ковид 19

Author(s): Ruženka J. Šimonji Černak,Mia R. Marić,Mila B. Beljanski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conditions in the state of emergency had forced the bigger part of school lessons in primary schools and high schools to be broadcasted on the public media services RTS 2 and RTS 3, as well as on the Internet platform RTS Planeta. In that sense, parents had a big role and responsibility in educating their children. In this paper, we present the results of the study concerning primary school parents’ (mostly mothers) perception of the TV teaching, which is a part of a broader research on distance learning. According to the general goal (to determine in what way parents perceived different aspects and the quality of TV learning), the following tasks are set: 1) to asks parents’ opinion on the quality of TV learning within: the exact schedule of classes, the pace of presenting educational contents, estimating the level of parents’ ease of keeping up and estimating the need to reconcile home responsibilities with distance learning, and 2) to determine the differences in the parents’ perception of various aspects of the quality of TV learning (dependent variables), with respect to the following independent variables: place of residence of the parents, degree of education, employment status during a state of emergency and the number of school-age children in the family. The research was conducted on the sample of 554 parents from Serbia. A newly constructed online questionnaire for the purpose of this research was used. The quality of TV teaching was assessed through nine items. The results showed that parents equally perceive the advantages and disadvantages of TV learning. They single out the existence of an appropriate schedule and the pace of broadcasting TV content within the curriculum as the most positive sides, which implies that, even if they weren’t prepared, they had already developed certain competencies for keeping up and participating in this model of learning. The parents’ perceptions differ according to the place of living, degree of education, employment status during the state of emergency, as well as the number of school-age children in the family. The results of this research have shown that special support for parents and children who originate from suburban and rural areas is needed, as well as for parents of a lower education level, parents who are employed and working during a state of emergency, whether they go to work or work from home, and finally, the parents who have a larger number of children in the family. The assessment of the quality of TV learning by parents is conditioned by a number of factors which originate from their social environment as well as educational and professional context. The research findings provided guidelines for further improvement in teaching practices in emergency conditions and gave a preliminary image of the parent’s perception on TV teaching.

The Abuse of Men by Women

Author(s): Sanja K. Đurđević,Ana S. Đurđević,Aleksandar R. Lukić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Although numerous studies in the past have shown that men are more often seen as perpetrators of domestic and sexual abuse, clinicians and researchers have recently begun to critically consider the problem of intimate and sexual violence committed by women towards men. Despite the controversial debate over whether women are violent towards their husbands and partners, many research papers have shown that there is a prevalence of such violence. In addition, many studies have highlighted gender differences in the commission of domestic violence in terms of the different reasons and contexts in which violence occurs. This paper aims to present the latest results of research on risk factors, typologies, and motives of women perpetrators of violence in relationships, as well as to improve our understanding of the etiology and complexity of such violence. The first part of the paper explains in detail the typology and prevalence of violence against men, as well as the psychological and other characteristics of women perpetrators. The second part deals mainly with the causes and motives of women‘s violent behaviour towards men. The last section is dedicated to the effects of treatment and possible improvements. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of this topic and gives some recommendations for resolving the above issues.

Virtual Observations: A Situational Analysis of a Technological Response to Practicum Assessment During a Pandemic

Author(s): John Paul Mynott,Katrina Foy,Faye Hendry,Lorna Stewart / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, virtual observations were introduced to assess studentteachers, in a Scottish Initial Teacher Education (ITE) department. This research criticallyreflects on the usage of these virtual observations as they were deployed on a large scale tomeant the emergency requirements of teacher education during a pandemic. Using GroundedTheory as a qualitative frame (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016), this research employs Clarke’s (2005)situational analysis to provide insights into how effective virtual observations are in theassessment of teaching practicum. The research methods involved the collation of individual,written, critical reflections from 17 Practicum Tutors who used video to assess studentteacher competency. These pieces of reflective writing were then thematically analysed andthe resulting coding used to identify commonalities and trends. The importance of theskilled observer, the value of visual information, and the use of supplementary informationwere significant themes that emerged through the analysis. Overall, the effectiveness ofvirtual observations is confirmed, but caveats on its use remain. These caveats sit alongsidequestions of how virtual observation might be used in the future. Exploring the use of virtualobservations as an assessment tool, at scale, gives this paper a unique situation, and itsanalysis adds to the knowledge base for virtual observations and how they can be used withinteacher education.

Take a Chance on CPD! How One School Put its Faith in the EntreCompEdu CPD Programme and Developed Whole-School Collective Entrepreneurial Education

Author(s): Lea Oksanen,Felicity Healey-Benson,Elin McCallum / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The case study in Dafen school represents a successful whole school experience of adulteducation through the EntreCompEdu continuing professional development programme(CPD). It represents how teacher collaboration enhances collective engagement to developcreative, innovative, and risk-taking abilities through teaching practices. It portrays howteachers’ collective engagement has an amplifying impact upon implementation, energy, andconfidence; especially influencing the entrepreneurial practice on student learning and theculture of a whole school. It validates how the headteacher and teachers collaborative actionenhanced the adult learning in adoption of the new Welsh curricula. In this study we propose that the success of the teachers’ professional development in learning to applyentrepreneurship education stems from a double loop of collaborative adult online learningand collective engagement under a pressure from the new entrants; a new curricula reformset by the Welsh government and the Covid-19 lockdown.