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Zbrka u vezi sa pitanjem nasilja

Author(s): Vlasta Jalušić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U političkoj teoriji još uvek dominira shvatanje koje politiku i vlast povezuje sa nasiljem. Misao Hane Arent je jedinstven primer jer ona pokušava da razdvoji navodnu zajedničku osnovu nasilja i vlasti, i čak eskplicitno zagovara »eliminisanje teorijske redukcije vlasti na nasilje«. Upravo taj pristup je jedno od obeležja ove »kontraverzne« teoretičarke koju su često kritikovali da je nerealna, esencijalistička i čak – nepraktična. Mnogi kritičari su miljenja da je zaobišla realno iskustvo, koje ukazuje na to da je vlast strukturno i inherentno povezana sa nasiljem, te da je to razlog za njeno navodno zagovaranje utopijskog shvatanja politike kao neinstitucionalizovanog i nenasilnog procesa delovanja.

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Jednakost i elitizam kod Hane Arent

Author(s): Hauke Brunkhorst / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Može se reći da Hana Arent ideju slobode crpi iz dva glavna izvora – prvi izvor predstavljaju grčki polis i rimska res publica, a drugi izvor je hrišćanska ideja, ideja svetog Avgustina o spontanom novom početku (creatio ex nihilo). Ta dva pojma slobode, koje Hana Arent u svojoj političkoj teoriji pokušava da poveže, nisu potpuno kompatibilna. Prva, odnosno republikanska ideja slobode, elitistička je po svom sadržaju i pretpostavkama, dok druga, avgustinovska ideja, ima egalitarno jezgro. U ovom tekstu ispitujem te dve ideje, naročito poklanjajući pažnju napetostima koje one stvaraju u delu Hane Arent (odeljak I).

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Komunikativni pojam moći kod Hane Arent

Author(s): Jürgen Habermas / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Maks Veber je moć (Macht) definisao kao mogućnost da ponašanje drugih oblikujemo prema našoj volji. Hana Arent, međutim, moć razume kao mogućnost da se u neprisilnoj komunikaciji dođe do saglasnosti o zajedničkom usmerenju delanja. U oba slučaja moć je predstavljena kao potencija koja se aktuelizuje u delanju, ali polazne osnove su različiti modeli delanja.

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Romantičarski republikanizam Hane Arent

Author(s): Aleksandar Molnar / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Francuska revolucija je raspalila jedan poseban oblik republikanizma – romantičarski republikanizam – koji će u 19. i 20. veku doživeti svoje dalje metamorfoze i transformacije u dva teorijska i politička pravca – nacionalizmu i komunizmu – da bi naposletku položila temelje totalitarnim režimima i njihovim revolucionarnim tiranijama. Ovo sveobuhvatno pervertiranje republikanske tradicije pokazalo se mogućim tek kada je na prelazu iz 18. u 19. vek romantičarski udar uspeo da uzdrma prosvetiteljske tekovine u izgradnji (prvo liberalne, a kasnije i demokratske) ustavne države i da pozove nove revolucionarne subjekte (Narod i Proletarijat) na »juriš u nebo«. I zaista, romantičarski republikanizam, koji se nadovezuje na klasični i renesansni republikanizam, ali ih na kraju u svojim komunističkim i nacionalističkim izdancima u potpunosti negira, predstavlja onu ključnu duhovnu struju koja je mnogo više od starorežimske reakcije doprinela autoritarnim zaokretima u političkom životu Evrope u 19. i 20. veku.

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Od problema prosuđivanja do javne sfere: promišljanje političke teorije Hane Arent

Author(s): Seyla Benhabib / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Prethodno poglavlje u velikoj meri je dospelo do negativnog zaključka: tvrdila sam da je razlika koju Hana Arent pravi između društvenog i političkog domena, a koja je centralno mesto njene kritike modernog društva, neodrživa. Štaviše, fenomenološki esencijalizam po kojem svaka ljudska aktivnost ima odgovarajuće mesto u svetu, takođe bi trebalo odbaciti budući da spaja kategorije njene teorije delovanja sa institucionalnim analizama koje bi se mogle dovesti u pitanje.

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Teorija totalitarizma Hane Arent: preispitivanje

Author(s): Margaret Canovan / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Knjiga Izvori totalitarizma, prvi put objavljena 1951. godine, stvorila je ugled Hane Arent kao političkog mislioca i opravdano se može smatrati ključem za njeno delo, jer tragovi misli koja teži da razume katastrofična iskustva mogu se pratiti do samog središta njenih kasnijih i otvorenije teorijskih spisa. Pola veka posle pojavljivanja ove knjige oživljava se interesovanje za ideju totalitarizma, iako sam pojam ostaje kontroverzan. Mnogo više od nekog tehničkog termina koji upotrebljavaju politikolozi/škinje i istoričari/ke, on je uvek sadržavao u sebi dijagnozu i objašnjenje modernih političkih opasnosti, noseći sa sobom upozorenja i rešenje. U ovom poglavlju će se zastupati teza da je »totalitarizam« kako ga je Hana Arent razumela značio nešto veoma različito od preovlađujućeg smisla tog termina. U poslednjem delu teksta pokušaće se sa preispitivanjem njene teorije.

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Refleksije o načinu dokazivanja Hane Arent

Author(s): Marie-Claire Caloz-Tschopp / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sa nestankom tri carstva-države i sa totalitarnim procesom, dislocirana je država kao institucija, kao stabilan okvir koji, u obliku carstva, osigurava temelj za mogućnost učešća u političkom životu. Zamenjena je državom-nacijom i totalitarnom državom čiji se princip više nije sastojao u tome da bude okvir, već proces pokreta destrukcije. Arentova najpre konstatuje istorijski prekid u okviru carstva-države, a zatim i njegovu transformaciju. Na taj način ističe značenje postojanja države kao okvira koji sadrži politiku. Iako prikazuje težinu prekida okvira države i njegove posledice u vidu pojave miliona osoba bez prebivališta i političke pripadnosti, ona prikazuje i da transformacija u državu-naciju nije rešila problem neophodnosti jednog stabilnog okvira za svako ljudsko biće i za društvo, okvira koji osigurava prebivalište i političku pripadnost i koji sadrži dinamiku političke moći – dominaciju, akciju – kroz koju se istovremeno konstituišu i politički subjekt i javni prostor.

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Pripremanje uobrazilje za odlazak u posetu

Author(s): Lisa Jane Disch / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U ranim spisima o totalitarizmu Arentova, čini se, praktikuje principijelno kontekstualno mišljenje bez objašnjenja o tome kako je ta praksa moguća. Ona opisuje kritičko razumevanje u odsustvu apstraktnih principa kao proces razmatranja pažnje prema neposrednom odgovoru na osobeni događaj, ali ne pokazuje kako neposredno lično iskustvo posebnog fenomena zadobija status suda. Njen odgovor Fegelinu (Voegelin) ukazuje na smer kojim bi je takvo pitanje moglo odvesti, pri čemu primećuje da je »lično iskustvo ... nužno uključeno u istorijsko ispitivanje koje svesno primenjuje imaginaciju kao oruđe kognicije« (»R«, 79).

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Hana Arent: Odabrana bibliografija

Author(s): Obrad Savić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Hannah Arendt: Selected Bibliography

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Karl Kraus i modernizam: Preispitivanje

Author(s): António Sousa Ribeiro / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

»Modernizam« je po mnogo čemu problematičan pojam, često je predmet neadekvatnih tumačenja ili tumačenja koja vode na pogrešan put – a naročito kada se koristi na način koji teži tome da ga svede na poseban stil ili pokret koji je navodno razumljiv unutar ograničenog referentnog okvira. Iako je uvek bilo očigledno da ovaj pojam ima više lica u različitim zemljama, zapravo je sve do nedavno preovladavalo shvatanje kako je glavni tok modernizma u suštini anglo-američki fenomen čiji su koreni u estetskim inovacijama francuskog simbolizma.

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Karl Kraus: portret umetnika

Author(s): Frank Field / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Karl Kraus je rođen 1874. godine u Jičinu, Češka. Njegov otac, Jakob Kraus, strog ali nežan roditelj, pobožan Jevrejin i uspešan fabrikant papira, preselio je porodicu u Beč, dok je njegov sin Karl bio dete. Još u detinjstvu, sin je pokazivao strast za pozorište, i dok je studirao na Bečkom univerzitetu, gde je slabo posećivao predavanja i vreme uglavnom provodio po pozorišnim i literarnim kafeima, odlučio je da postane glumac.

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Moral i kriminal

Author(s): Theodor W. Adorno / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Hajnrih Fišer, priređivač prvog izdanja Morala i kriminala, veli u pogovoru da nijedna Krausova knjiga nije aktuelnija od ove, objavljene pre skoro šezdeset godina. To je sušta istina. Uprkos naklapanju o suprotnom, u osnovi građanskog društva ništa se nije promenilo. Ono se zločesto učaurilo kao da je po prirodnim zakonima večito, kao što je to nekada pozitivno i tvrdilo u svojoj ideologiji. Ono ne dopušta cenjkanje oko okamenjenog srca, bez kojeg nacionalsocijalisti ne bi mogli nesmetano da ubijaju milione, kao ni oko vladavine principa nad ljudima, koji je uzrok tog subjektivnog okamenjenja. Postaje flagrantnom potreba da se kažnjava ono što nije za kažnjavanje.

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A dekonstrukcije: la différance, pisanje, Derida i „mi”

Author(s): Novica Milić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

La différance – the difference with an “a” – makes not only one of the key terms of Derrida’s philosophy, but is a keystone of his strategy of deconstruction of the Western metaphysics. What kind of keystone is it, if, according to its inventor, la différance is “neither a concept, nor a word”? In analysing yhis question we try to show Derrida’s contribution both to the institution of philosophy and that of literature, as well as the strange logic of the “and” which links and separates – identifies and differentiates – these two fields of thinking and language.

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Smrt autora, poèetak komunikacije

Author(s): Ivica Mlađenović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The basic aim of this paper is to discuss some deconstructive views on the problem of communication. The death of an author is not quite Derrida’s theme, but it has an important role for explaining the field of communication. According to Derrida this kind of absence, together with absence of the receiver of message, structures every possible communication. This very structure is something that unable intention to be clear and present, both in oral and written way of exchanging messages. For the reason of discussing the problem of communication, attention will be focused on Derrida’s lecture “Signature Event Context” in which he addressed that topic in the most direct way. First, it will be examined the notions of writing and absence, and secondly, those of intention and context. It will be argued that Derrida is more interested in the new pragmatics, than in the bare criticism of some classical metaphisical views on language or recent linguistic theories.

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Dekonstruktivistièka arhitektura n'existe pas

Author(s): Ljiljana Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

During the 1980s and 1990s, an intensive discourse has developed around the question of deconstruction and architecture, spurred by the work of Jacques Derrida andhis subsequent collaborations with architects. Although it is not possible to elaborate on the complex issues of this question in the narrow constraints of this paper, the discussion follows some of the main points in the work of architects who participated in the exhibition Deconstructivist Architecture, held in the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1988, namely Zaha Hadid, Bernard Tschumi, and Peter Eisenman. Rather than asking the question “What is deconstructivist architecture?”, and understanding architecture not as a representation or illustration of philosophical concepts, but as, inter alia, thinking philosophical problems through architecture, the main point of departure is the question of what is it in architectural discourse that enables us to see the problem of deconstruction. In that, the paper focuses on the probing and analysis of the conceptual pair modernity/ deconstruction, with regard to the projects discussed. Consequently, if this architecture is seen as a major shift in the thinking of the condition of modernity and an anticipation of, as Hadid calls it, new modernity, could it be argued that, in fact, what is, generally easily gathered under the term “deconstructivist architecture” is but an empty set with a name?

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Konzervativizam, dekonstrukcija, univerzitet

Author(s): Predrag Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the relation (or the lack thereof) between Derrida and Habermas in the later stages of their thought. Habermas’ buzzword-accusation of postmodern philosophy as being “conservative” is taken as a symptom of misunderstanding, but also, in a sort of recomposition, as a possibility for a different, fruitful understanding of Derrida. Derrida’s anti-sovereignist and, in a sense, anti-political conception of deconstruction, as the resistance-faith and the supreme philosophical loyalty, is presented primarily in its application to the field of reflecting on the institution of the university and its future, as well as – to a lesser extent, and by analogy – to the question of the “new” Europe and its establishment. The affinity here does not appear so close, probable, or even desirable, as it has lately been presented and as it presumably was mutually desired.

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Derrida sa Levinasom. Komentar jednog ogleda

Author(s): Boris R. Bratina / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This text is a part of a broader examination that considers Derrida’s relation to Levinas in his early works. It is particulary focused on “Violence and Metaphysics- an essay on the thought of Emmanuel Levinas”. In the text that I present here I investigate the so-called ontological violence. The main point I claim is that Derrida’s argumentation against Levinas, in spite of its deconstructive\destructive effects, still remains in the manner which was described by Levinas as an empirial nature of western thought. Besides that, I amshowing some indications for posing that there is functional paralelism between Levinas’ doublet face\Other and Derrida’s being\differance. Furthermore, I believe that if we consider all three kinds of violence and other Derrida’s texts, which were written those years, it might be shown that the theory of the Other was used as the transforming model toward the theory of differance. The pattern for this can be seen in Derrida’s degradation of meaning of “face” related to the rank which that concept has for Levinas. So, all this testifies about mutual positive influence, maybe for both of them, at least Levinas remains as his fourth inspiration after 3H (Hegel, Husserl, and Heidegger).

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Evropa: „mi“ i drugi

Author(s): Adriana Zaharijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper questions the paradox of hospitality from within, by interrogating the phrase We, the Europeans. By employing the metaphor of mythical raped, putatively black Europe, it introduces the concept of foundational/conservative violence, as a means to initiate and maintain the European production of otherness. Whereas previously the conception of the other was mapped and fabricated for colonizing purposes by those who possessed the power to “civilize”, nowadays all the others tend to slip out of their imposed image, trying to imbricate themselves in the genuinely European – male and white – model of “man and citizen”. In contrast to available patterns of assimilation of and indifference towards the others, I propose Derridian concept of negotiation as a way of dealing with the other. Negotiation displaces and uproots the horizons of the possible, since it advocates neither monopoly nor dissipation. The paper ultimately endeavors to present itself as a kind of “double-binded” negotiation, as having been written by a dubious European and a woman.

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Utopija razlike

Author(s): Miroslav Milović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Derrida´s deconstruction can be regarded as a radical consequence of the question of ontological difference. According to him, Heideggerian project is still related to the specific hermeneutic reification. The new Derridian difference also has important ethical and political consequences. It is the framework within which it is possible to think democracy beyond metaphysics.

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KONSTRUKCJA PRZESTRZENI MIEJSKIEJ Z PERSPEKTYWY HYBRYDY CZŁOWIEK-ROWER

Author(s): Barbara Grodecka-Poprawska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

PL: Tekst zawiera wnioski z projektu badawczego Konstrukcja przestrzeni miejskiej z perspektywy hybryd «Rower-Człowiek» w ich codziennych trasach poprzez Wiedeń. Trzy studia przypadku (oryg. Die Konstruktion des städtischen Raums durch die Sichtweisen von hybriden „Fahrrad-Mensch-Einheiten“ auf ihren alltäglichen Wegen durch Wien Drei Fallbeispiele), przeprowadzonym w 2011/2012 roku. Projekt oparty był na koncepcji prakseologicznej Jean-Pierre'a Warniera oraz teorii aktora-sieci. Człowiek i rower poprzez wspólne doświadczenie motoryczne tworzą specyficzną hybrydyczną jedność, zwaną dalej „człowiek-rower”. Konstrukcja przestrzeni miejskiej oraz percepcja rzeczywistości z perspektywy tej jednostki zasadniczo różnią się od doświadczeń innych podmiotów. EN: The article contains the conclusions from the research project Design of Public Space From the Hybrid Perspective of the “Man-Bicycle” in Their Daily Routes Through Vienna. Three Case Studies (orig. Die Konstruktion des städtischen Raums durch die Sichtweisen von Hybriden “Fahrrad-Mensch-Einheiten” auf Ihren alltäglichen Wegen Fallbeispiele Drei durch Wien), carried out in 2011–2012. The project was based on the praxiological concepts of Jean-Pierre Warnier and actor-network theory. Through the shared experience of a hybrid motor, man and bicycle form a special hybrid unity, hereinafter referred to as “man-bicycle”. The construction of urban space and the perception of reality from the perspective of this being are fundamentally different from those of other beings.

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