Как да се върнем от езика към нещата сами по себе си

Author(s): Daniel von Wachter / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

There has been a linguistic turn, and there has been an ontic return, but I shall argue that the ontic return should go much further. I shall first illustrate the kind of philosophical method still prevalent today, and which I believe leads to false results. This is the method of conceptual analysis, paraphrasing, or ontological commitment. I call it the linguistic or the semantic method. To illustrate these methods, I will first present an example where they are at work, and will show how they lead to false results: Roderick Chisholm’s theory of agent causation. Contrasting it with these methods, I shall then present a non-linguistic, ontological method for philosophy. After the total rejection of metaphysics in logical positivism, there were, within the movement of linguistic philosophy, some turns towards metaphysics, in particular Gustav Bergmann’s reconstructionism and Peter Strawson’s descriptive and revisionary metaphysics. I shall criticize these for still being linguistic or conceptual. Finally, I shall consider Frank Jackson’s recent defense of conceptual analysis and argue that conceptual analysis cannot fulfill the task he ascribes to it. The motto I shall defend in this article is, in the words of Edmund Husserl, „Back to Things-in-Themselves“ – „Zurük zu den Sachen selbst!“

Феноменология и мислене без способности

Author(s): Ivaylo Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The article sketches an approach to an analysis of the reasons for the contemporary sceptical attitude towards the philosophical relevance of classical thinking in terms of the notions of faculties and forces. This distrust is regarded as one of the subversive points of a newly construed „neo-Kantian consensus“ between the opposite, more or less strict, borders of the contemporary philosophical analytic-continental rift. Husserl’s scepticism towards the critical notion of the transcendental function of the power of imagination is analyzed in the context of the strong influence of the psychological and anthropological misinterpretations of Kant’s transcendental deduction of the categories. In this context, of particular importance is Wolfgang Carl’s elucidation of Kant’s ubiquitous term Erkenntnisvermögen, construed as Quelle, in the sense of a source of epistemic justification of both the semantic contents and the objective validity of the concepts; it is thus clearly opposed to its false psychological reading (in the influential 19th century debate between Fries and Herbart) as a generative source of factual cognition.

Трансцендентализмът на съзерцанието в ранния будизъм

Author(s): Ivan Kamburov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The present article analyses in depth the transcendental specificity of contemplation in Early Buddhism and the functional significance of the Buddhist dharma theory. In addition, it describes the phenomenological procedures of Buddhist reductionism and compares them with the phenomenological paths of Western philosophy – particularly the phenomenological manner of thinking.

Възприятие и крайност: феноменологически измерения на доказателството на Декарт за съществуването на „материални неща“

Author(s): Stefan Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The critical appraisals of Descartes’s proof of the existence of „material things“ commenced with the first readings of the Meditations and have continued ever since. From Hobbes to the contemporary Anglo-American realists, the proof has provoked confusion and numerous reconstructions, which look into its essential logical moves. A number of critiques have declared it unsuccessful and even somehow preposterous. Descartes’s interest, however, is not in „material things“ per se or in the fact that they exist. Nor is it in the idea that something like a proof of their existence would guarantee both their own being and the being of what is called the external world. The focus of the proof is not on material things in the sense of an external world. Instead, it has a functional significance in a broader context, where Descartes is interested in the possibility of knowledge under the condition of finitude. Understanding the internal meaning of the proof of the existence of material things requires a phenomenological reading of the Cartesian meditation as a whole. From a phenomenological perspective, it is essential to account for and preserve the condition of perception as finite. In its relation to objects and object schemes, thinking discovers concepts in its own realm, within itself. Both thought and its objects thus carry the features of purity and infinity. Perception, on the other hand, is directly connected to finitude, which in turn is articulated in receptivity. Receptivity needs to have what is perceived as given. Descartes proof provides a procedural and schematic expression of this condition of perception, which requires that something be given outside of it and independently of it.

БОЛЕСТТА КАТО НОВ АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ХОРИЗОНТ

Author(s): Olga Vlasova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article discusses the problem of disease in the critical anthropology of Ivan Illich. It examines some of his works, hitherto not translated into Russian, devoted to medicine and the body, disease and health, in which Illich develops a strategy of radical social critique, reassesses the status of medicine in contempo-rary society, and proposes his own view on health and the healthcare system.

БОЛЕСТТА АЛЦХАЙМЕР – (АНТИ)ИЗКУСТВОТО НА ЗАБРАВАТА. СОЛИДАРНОСТ СЛЕД ИДЕНТИЧНОСТТА

Author(s): Stoyan Stavru / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article discusses the autobiographical approach to identity in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The author studies various types of memory and how they are affected by the disease. The article questions the philosophical and legal discourse that defines the person in terms of his/her ability to store and arrange memories. Finally, the possibility of solidarity after identity is discussed.

Онтологията на идеалното като философски праксис

Author(s): Yvanka Raynova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Прилагане на принципа за най-добрия интерес при лечението на деца

Author(s): Margarita Gabrovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

Regardless of the widespread compliance with the concept of child’s best interest in the social, medical, legal and other areas, there are still significant ethical disputes about the criteria that constitute the concept and the reliability of its implementation. The article analyzes both the notion and practice, related to the concept when it comes to making decisions about children in the field of medical treatment and care. Employing available experience and knowledge the text examines two separate approaches to substantiate the best interest principle, and also to link it to criteria ensuring its proper implementation within the field the specialized care for children.

Обсъждания на марксизма, феноменологията и властта. Мишел Фуко, интервю на Колин Гордън и Пол Патън

Author(s): Michel Foucault,Colin Gordon,Paul Patton / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

Фуко, историята на истината и геналогията на модерния субект

Author(s): Daniele Lorenzini / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

This article explores the articulation between two of the main projects that characterise Michel Foucault’s work in the 1970s and the 1980s: the project of a history of truth and the project of a genealogy of the modern subject. After addressing the meaning and ethico-political value of Foucault’s history of truth, focusing above all on the shape it takes in 1980 (namely, a genealogy of a series of “regimes of truth” in Western societies), it offers an analysis of the related project of a genealogy of the modern (Western) subject, and more precisely of Foucault’s account of the processes of subjection (assujettissement) and subjectivation (subjectivation) within the Christian and the modern Western regimes of truth. It eventually argues that the essential political and moral issue that Foucault raises is not whether the subject is autonomous or not, but rather whether he or she is willing to become a subject of critique by opposing the governmental mechanisms of power which try to govern him or her within our contemporary regime of truth and striving to invent new ways of living and being.

Фуко за употребите на лъжата

Author(s): Stiliyan Yotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

The interest in the genealogy and in the history of power shared by Foucault and Nietzsche raises the question about the status and the meaning of lying in Foucault’s work. This article is an effort to reconstruct his attitude to this topic, which appears in many places of the discussion but everywhere overshadowed by other problems, especially by those of the truth. It’s the turn in Foucault’s understanding of the truth what motivates me to split the text in two parts. In the first I trace out the stage of his studies devoted to the transgression by which the Self could achieve certainty in itself. But the main accent stresses the discovering of Nietzsche, made by Foucault, against the background of his own conception of knowledge management. No doubt that the following syntheses between power and knowledge leads to temptations to recognize the uses of lying as a justified tool, what Foucault finds out by himself in some praxis of psychotherapy, but also denounces as delusive and counterproductive. The second part deals with the changes in Foucault’s genealogy, occurring with the reevaluation of the governmentality as a different kind of power exercises and uses of truth. Here I reconstruct the appearance of a series of new concepts, constructed and experimentally implemented by Foucault, which helps to discover the main moments of the so called “subjectification” as a peculiar reshaping of the borders between true and untrue. The culmination of this part is devoted to the practices, in which the authenticity presupposes (increasingly) personal disclosure and fearlessness and, on this ground, the use of half-lies and half-truths seems permissible because in the end it doesn’t mix truth with lie.

„Между историята и вечността“: философският избор на Мишел Фуко през 50-те години

Author(s): Elisabetta Basso / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

This article examines the manner in which Foucault is being related to the existential psychopathology during the 50s, according to the newly deposited Foucauldian archives at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in 2013. In particular, the text concentrates its attention on an unpublished and unedited manuscript: one of the courses of lectures at the University of Lille done by Foucault in 1952–1954, and especially the course on “Phenomenology and Binswanger” (1953–1954). While analysing this Foucault’s course of lectures where the emphasis lies on the philosophical reflexion on the anthropological problem of psychopathology, we are becoming finally able to throw some light upon Foucault’s project of analysing the historicity of the ‘forms of experience’ – a project that has been placed in the very heart of Foucauldian “archaeology” of madness in 1961.

Документирането на себе си като контрадисциплина в етическите работи на Мишел Фуко

Author(s): Strand Sheldahl-Thomason / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

This paper examines the role of self-documentation in the care of the self. As is well known, Michel Foucault exposes how disciplinary power functions in hospitals, schools, prisons, and other institutions to train the living for productive use. An important tool of disciplinary power is documentation, or the recording and cataloguing of the living that constitutes them as objects of knowledge. I show how documentation creates and extends knowledge to individuals. At the same time, documents become physical appendages of the lives they record, which, while separable from those lives, nevertheless affect those lives. Despite these apparently negative functions, Foucault finds that documentation can also be the means by which the living take over their own disciplining. In writings about both fiction and ancient ethics, Foucault points to self-documentation as a way of objectifying the self before the self, so that the self may train itself according to self-imposed standards. Although disciplinary power may be inescapable, self-documentation offers a technique of counter-discipline that functions alongside and against institutional discipline.

Как се държим [За генеалогията на етиката: Обзор на текущата работа]. Мишел Фуко, интервю на Пол Рабинау и Хюбърт Л. Драйфъс

Author(s): Michel Foucault,Paul Rabinow,Hubert L. Dreyfus / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

Ако не знаеш, защо питаш? Карта на подобията и съвпаденията на пет места, в две градини и покрай седем реки

Author(s): Daniel Bozhkov,Michael Joyce / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2016

The essay overlays Michael Joyce’s 2015 novel, Foucault in Winter in the Linnaeus Garden – a polylingual, operatic fantasy comprised of invented letters— upon Foucault’s work, especially Madness and Civilization, as an existing topography that overlaps with the physical and emotional territories of the authors’ own lives. They meet at several locations, from New Hamburg and Nyack, to Marcel Broodthaers’ exhibition at MoMA, New York; while Daniel Bozhkov separately travels to Sweden, Spain, Germany, Bulgaria and Texas, in order to visit various locations mentioned in the novel, as well as ones not mentioned, but relevant to Foucault. The seemingly fragmented text, perforated by the authors’ letters to each other, exists in a non-stop costume ball of famous shadows – Goya, Dürer and Bosch meet Magritte, Deleuze and William Kentridge. A hand drawn map accompanies the essay as a parallel, Deleuzian fold that aims to further unravel the authors’ developing connection to each other (who first met through this project), and their relationship to Michel Foucault’s unsettling and foreverprovocative endeavor.

How We Behave

Author(s): Frédérique Bergholtz,Grant Watson / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4 EN/2016

‘How We Behave’ is a research project undertaken by curator Grant Watson. Based on the research for his PHD in Curating and Visual Cultures at Goldsmiths College in London, this interview project and its resulting video portraits are the outcome of a commission by the arts organisation If I Can’t Dance, I Don’t Want To Be Part Of Your Revolution within its Performance in Residence programme. After its ‘première’ with If I Can’t Dance in Amsterdam (2014), How We Behave has been presented at Nottingham Contemporary (2015), The Showroom in London (2015), MIMA, Middlesbrough (2015), and State of Concept in Athens (2016). An upcoming presentation will take place in Whitechapel Gallery, London. A key document for the ‘How We Behave’ project is an interview with Michel Foucault of the same name, published in a 1983 issue of Vanity Fair. In this interview Foucault poses the question: “What if life itself was a material of art making?” This provocation is taken as the departure point for an extensive and ongoing series of interviews commenced in 2012, and traversing a number of cities around the world including New York, São Paulo, Amsterdam, Los Angeles, San Francisco, London, Athens and most recently Mumbai. ‘How We Behave’ addresses the different ways that contemporary individuals experiment with unconventional life patterns – at work, through alternative family structures, through new forms of intimacy, sexual behaviour, sociality and political engagement. Foucault’s concern was not with ‘lifestyle’ but with what he considered to be the politically urgent question of our time – how we model our subjectivity and invent new ways of life and relations to others that can be understood as resistance to power. (F.B.)

Freedom, Responsibility and Jurisprudence

Author(s): Hari Narayanan V / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

This paper seeks to argue that advances in the study of freewill and responsibility are directly relevant to jurisprudence. Following Daniel Dennett attempts to discredit the existence of freewill with the help of experiments can be checked by arguing that freedom should be understood as something that has evolved over time rather than being a pre-existent feature of our species. The major function served by freedom is to ensure responsibility for actions. This understanding of freedom as something that evolved to enhance responsibility suggests that freedom can be developed further. This can be understood as enhancing the ability to follow social norms by overcoming factors that limit responsibility. Jurisprudence has to take into account the ability to follow norms as a variable, even within the category of adults, and treat violations accordingly. Further, efforts to enhance the capacity to be free from habitual reactions need to be made part of education, and the state has to focus on this aspect without which the task of ensuring adherence to law of citizens will remain incomplete.

Retributivist Theory of Punishment: Some Comments

Author(s): Adebayo Aina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The Retributivist approach to punishment attempts to address the challenges posed by utilitarian conception that punitive actions should strictly be associated with a cost-effective means to certain independently identifiable goods at the expense of justice. Justice proffers how the guilty deserve to be punished and no moral consideration relevant to punishment outweighs an offender’s criminal desert. However, this just desert provokes difficulty in discerning proportionality between the moral gravity of each offence and the specific penalties attached. This consequently degenerates to another form of ‘lex talionis’ (revenge) in punitive justice.

Международна мрежа на млади изследователи на Макс Вебер (28.11–1.12.2017 г., Хамбург)

Author(s): Teodora Karamelska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2017

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Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020